京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21107号 / 工博第4471号 / 新制||工||1695(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 和田 修己, 教授 松尾 哲司, 教授 小野寺 秀俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21436号 / 情博第687号 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 熊田 孝恒, 教授 鹿島 久嗣, 教授 神谷 之康 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

コウモリは1送信2受信器のミニマルな超音波センシングデザインからは想像できない，高度な3次元飛行を実現させている．本論文では，①繰り返し同じ障害物環境下を飛行するコウモリの未知と既知の空間に対する音響センシング行動の違いを比較した．さらに，②未知環境飛行時に見られる特徴的な空間スキャニングの行動パターンをモデル化し，自律走行車を用いてコウモリの行動の有用性を実環境センシングのふるまいから定量的に評価した． / Bats possess a highly developed biosonar system that can be regarded as the minimum sensor requirement for three-dimensional spatial sensing. The present study 1) experimentally investigated changes in the pulse direction, pulse emission timing and flight path of CF-FM bats during an obstacle avoidance flight as the bats became familiar with the space around them and 2) expressed behavioral principles observed in the bats during flight, especially in an unfamiliar space, using an algorithm and then embedded the principles into an autonomous vehicle equipped with simple ultrasound sensors. The findings of this world-leading biomimetic research offer new possibilities for artificial-intelligence navigation systems. / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基礎研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11630042 研究代表者:岡本 由美子 研究期間:1999-2000年度

汽車一直是人類重要的交通工具，近年來由於汽車電子與資訊通訊（Telematics）技術的進步，使汽車的功能更加豐富化；再加上無線網路的普遍應用，使得汽車的角色，從原來的代步工具，逐漸成為行動辦公室、娛樂及生活空間的延伸。汽車業也從傳統的製造業，逐漸邁向高科技。 目前汽車電子結合無線網路的運用，大部份強調在人身安全、緊急救援、車輛保全、提供生活資訊、多媒體娛樂以及道路導航等領域，但對於用車人最基本的需求「用車不中斷」的服務，則尚無應用的案例。 本研究從車商所提供的服務現況開始探討，藉由PZB服務模式的解析，找出供給與需求之間的缺口(Gap)，再以無線網路所提供的服務進行模擬，試圖找出應用無線網路來填補車商與用車人之間服務缺口的可行性。 本研究蒐集了現有汽車業領導品牌所提供的汽車電子應用實例，列述其提供服務的項目、重點以及特色，除了比較這些實例的差異之外，同時也與本研究的重點--「如何應用無線網路提供用車不中斷的服務」做比較，以說明其差異之處。 本研究對汽車業未來應用無線網路的情境，提出三種模擬，針對這些模擬的情境，分析對汽車業價值鏈的各個組成要素所可能帶來的影響與衝擊；並針對這些影響與衝擊提出必要的因應措施。以汽車業本身而言，包括流程的改變、組織的改變以及科技工具的應用；對其周邊的產業，例如保險業、租車業、分期購車業、中古車業以及拖吊業等，則描述其可能的改變及需採行的對策作法。 效益是決定新服務模式可行性的關鍵，本研究預期可在無形的效益方面給用車人及汽車業者帶來雙贏的效果，也替汽車業創造革命性的創新服務優勢；在有形效益方面則可降低抛錨的次數，節省維修時間與費用，成果十分卓著。 新的服務觀念與模式是本研究的重要成果，如應用無線網路後，把車商所提供的服務方式由被動轉為主動，把「預測式」保養改變成「預約式」保養，甚至把長久以來車主必須要進服務廠才能獲得服務的方式改變成「到府服務」，「以廠就車」的服務方式，這些都是值得車商採行之處。 但一個創新模式要成功的導入，必須具備幾個關鍵要素。在本研究的最後也一一列述這些關鍵成功要素；另外也列舉了一些未來尚待研究的議題，希望有興趣在此領域的研究先進們能一起來共襄盛舉。 關鍵詞: 資訊、通訊、無線網路、無線通訊、汽車、汽車業、服務、服務模式、服務流程、品質、服務品質、汽車電子、車用電子、車載系統、維修、Telematics, OnStar, G-book / Automobile has been an important mean of transportation to human for decades. With the breakthrough of Telematics technologies and innovation of services, abundant functions on the automobile emerge quickly. Also, of late, the use of wireless has been widespread, this gradually causes the change of the role of automobiles from original purpose of movement to the extension of office, amusement and even the life. The industry of automobile is making progress from traditional manufacturing to high-tech properties. The current application of the combination between Telematics and wireless mostly emphasizes on some specific facets, such as human-safety, emergency-assistance, vehicle-guard, amusement and driving-direction. However, services for “driving without interruption”, which is the basic demand of driving a car, haven’t been implemented in the real world. This research starts from the current situation of the services provided by automobile dealers and uses the celebrated PZB model to analyze the gap between the service side of demand and supply. Depending on those analyses, we simulate the imaginary future service scenario of wireless application, making effort to find the feasible way to balance the service gap. This research provides three scenarios which apply wireless technology to automobile industry to analyze the effect and impact on the component within the value chain of automobile industry. Also, we offer possible corresponding measures, for automobile dealers including the revise of process, the adjustment of whole organization and the manipulation of technologies. On the other side of other related industries, such as insurance business, automobile charter business, second-hand market, we describe the possible change and the mode of coordination with automobile industry. The innovative concept and service model is the important result of this research and is worth adopting. The application of wireless will transfer the service mode from passive way to active way and will bring “reservation maintenance” to replace the current “forecast maintenance”. With the expectation of the conduction of successful service model, industry should possess some key factors. We present these key factors and list other valuable issues for thorough search. Keyword： Information, wireless, automobile, automobile industry, service, service model, quality, quality of service, Telematics, maintenance, OnStar, G-book

台灣大車隊股份有限公司 (Taiwan Taxi Corporation,簡稱台灣大車隊),為台灣民間第一家導入無線衛星派遣系統於2002年正式成立的計程車車隊,到2017年已是一個擁有17,000 名駕駛隊員的大企業,成功地創新了計程車派遣的經營模式。 在這十七年間,換過三個經營團隊,最後在林村田董事長經營下讓公司穩定下來並有盈餘。經營團隊接手後持續更新了早已建構完成之GPS衛星定位與PDA車機派遣系統。另外,更結合了空中排班、熱點候車點、多元化叫車服務與非現金消費系統,升級為平台經營架構。由多種面向匯集了電子技術、智慧手機雲端科技,不但有助於車輛的調度,提昇服務品質,也提昇了駕駛和乘客的安全性,增加了公司的競爭力。在此競爭激烈及節約能源的時期,台灣大車隊透過創新經營模式,持續檢討優缺點,迅速改善缺點,加強優點,增強正向迴路經營模式以創造利潤及業績,使企業持續成長。 前幾年面臨國內外叫車服務系統的挑戰時,如2013年6月Uber入台以及政府推行多元化計程車,台灣大車隊就已投入軟硬體研發和改善公司的作業流程以擴展計程車司機隊員規模、便利顧客、增加附屬營業收入、和流動資金的管理,以及電腦資訊自動化管理系統等多樣措施加強了利潤的成長。對外在環境變化的最新應變措施包括：叫車系統快速自動化、建構多元化叫車體系、增加車隊類型和功能、採取多種措施如手機APP電召,配上軟體記憶增加顧客黏著度、擴充平台經營層面,增加平台經營附加價值、綁定信用卡付費方式,建構出叫車平台營運成功的商業模式。 管理團隊認為所有的成功都基於重視隊友及顧客的價值,堅信：乘客即顧客、加盟隊員為家盟隊員,以增加人際溫暖度的心態來經營。使接觸到大車隊的人,都有得到照顧與或取得利潤的確幸。相對的,車隊營收亦可經由各個微小的服務利潤集結發揮為平台結構關聯性收益而得以實現。 / Taiwan Taxi Corporation Ltd. (Taiwan Taxi) is the first civilian taxi fleet which established a wireless satellite dispatch system in 2002. By 2017, it has succeeded in the innovating of business model for taxi dispatch, and become a large enterprise with 17,000 drivers. During seventeen years, replaced by three management teams, the revenue of Taiwan Taxi finally increasingly stabilized. At present, the manager team led by Lin Cun-Tian still constantly updating the already constructed GPS satellite positioning and PDA car dispatch system. By a variety of aspects for the integration of electronic technology, smart phone cloud technology, this platform not only helps the vehicle scheduling and improves service quality, but also enhance driving and passenger safety which increase their competitiveness. In the period of severe competition and energy conservation, Taiwan Taxi has continually reviewed the advantages and disadvantages through the innovative business model they built. Manager team quickly improves the shortcomings, enhance the advantages, so that a positive loop to create profits and performance can operate and make the enterprises continue to grow. Facing the challenges of domestic and foreign call systems, such as Uber and diversified taxi, Taiwan Taxi has developed new hardware and software research and has improved the operating process to expand their fleet of taxi drivers, facilitate customers since 2013, thus increased the subsidiary operating income, working capital management, and automize the computer management system to strengthen the growth of profits. The newly strategic approaches against external changes include: construct an on-line taxi system, a diversified taxi on call management containing mobile phone call, increase the fleet type and function. Other adoptions such as: memory of previous calls to increase customer stickiness, increase the running of additional function on platform, binding credit card payment, thus a successful business model upon taxi platform are constructed. Manager team believe: all the success is based on the values of teammates and customers, passengers are customers, and all the drivers joined are members of this family. They are happy to increase the warmth between the interpersonal through their management. As long as who contacts with Taiwan Taxi, will get a warm care and obtain profits of fortune. Synchronously, the revenue of cooperation can also be achieved through the combination of each profit margin for platform.

市區型公共自行車系統（YouBike）在台北市的發展如何可能？本研究採用行動者網絡理論（Actor-Network Theory）的分析取徑，透過追隨網絡裡人與非人行動者的實作軌跡，攤開YouBike自民國98年至今將近7年的網絡鋪陳，並重新檢視YouBike網絡發生轉變的三個關鍵時刻：技術移轉、重新組裝與創造市場。首先，地方政府作為早期關鍵行動者，藉由一連串的轉譯（translate）工作將全球性的問題化作台北市的問題，從而位移（displace）市場、政府與業界的力量，讓YouBike成為問題的唯一解方。而後信義區試營運時期，捷安特重新配置他方（台北市早期河濱與他國）的公共自行車技術要件，展現出技術自由連結（free association）的特性。最後本文主張，民國101年擴大營運後YouBike所經歷的劇烈轉折，乃因其以專業／業餘市場區分，取代了自行車市場既有的通勤／休閒定位，甚至影響到一般販賣低階車款的自行車零售商。從移轉他方知識，到成為全球公共自行車系統典範之一，YouBike案例亦讓我們看見台灣以代工起家的技術能力創新之可能。 / How is it possible to set up an urban public system such as YouBike in Taipei? According to actor-network theory, I expose the extending passage of YouBike network since 2009, exploring the trajectories of human and non-human actors involved in the process. I highlight three significant moments of the YouBike development: technology transferring, elements reassembling, and market creating. First, by way of translating the global concern to a local debate and mobilizing triple forces of market, government, and industries, as an important translator, Taipei city government advocated the YouBike as the only solution. Second, the Giant Bicycle applied the experience of public bicycle system learning from the abroad and the operation of riverside bike rental system in Taipei to the trial run of YouBike in Xinyi district. It shows a “free association” of technology. Finally, this study argues a dramatic transition of YouBike happened when the system expanded after 2012. YouBike network creates a new market based on professional and amateur bikers that change a traditional idea assuming the YouBiker’s motivation are only for commuting and recreation. Furthermore, this change even decreases sales of low-end bikes. In the making of YouBike, we see how Giant Bicycle is able to transfer abroad knowledge and becomes a paradigm in the global public bicycle business. It has been forecasted the potential of technological innovation in Taiwan (a country starts from OEM).

本研究透過解析與詮釋奎山幼兒園幼童使用獨輪車來搬運牛奶的日常活動影片，來理解「獨輪車」存在於幼兒園的教育意涵。具體而言，即是以幼童透過使用獨輪車搬運牛奶的日常活動經驗為研究對象，探討該經驗如何在幼童的身體知覺、社會互動關係、勞動的身體經驗等面向上帶來學習。研究方法採「影像解讀分析」及「個人經驗訪談」兩個部分進行，前者主要從拍攝的12部幼童使用獨輪車搬運牛奶活動影片中選取其中具代表性的3部影片進行影像微觀解析；後者則訪談從奎山幼兒園直升至小學部三年級、六年級的學生各3名，共計6名，回觀其個人使用「獨輪車」之主觀經驗整。透過爬梳奎山學校歷史及創辦人熊慧英的「社會化統整性活動課程」教育理念，以及「獨輪車」在人類生活歷史演化圖像作為本研究之參照背景，以理解奎山幼兒園每日由3名幼童協同用獨輪車，在長達近400公尺的路途中為全班將「牛奶」搬回活動室的複雜任務，對幼童學習與發展的教育意涵。在資料解析與詮釋後，研究結果讓我們認識孩童共同協力推動「獨輪車」中，過程中的「衝突」將可帶來孩童間群性關係的拓展(合作、協商、解決問題)及養成觀點取替的能力；而為了能推動笨重難行的獨輪車，用力的同時孩童的身體自然會產生需要達成平衡的知覺；而象徵人類身體勞動經驗的「獨輪車」也在服務他者的搬運中，讓孩童完成以「勞動身體」作為認識自我的途徑，此也是熊慧英推動「社會化統整性活動課程」以建構幼童健全人格之教育目標所強調的一環。 / By analyzing and interpreting the documentaries of Kuei-shan Kindergarten which let children use wheelbarrow to transport milk, this thesis illustrates the educational meaning of wheelbarrow’s existence. Generally speaking, by using the daily practice of transporting milk by wheelbarrow, the study try to examine the learning process in different aspects, such as children’s perception, children’s social interaction and laboring’s body experience. First of all, from the perspective of wheelbarrow’s cultural history to clarify the symbolization of human laboring. In the second place, by introducing Kuei-shan Kindergarten’s 51 years history and the founder (Miss Xiong Hui-Ying)’s background, to demonstrate how she established “Socialize Integrated Curriculum ” through experiments. “Socialize Integrated Curriculum” use transporting milk as an example, to accomplish such difficult work, the three children cooperate with each other to transport the milk back to their classroom daily by nearly 400 meters way. In other words, by making 12 documentaries of how children transport milk by wheelbarrow, I observed the educational meaning of this daily practice. Then I picked 3 documentaries to analyze and interpret my observation. Furthermore, through the interview with 6 Kuei-shan elementary school students (3 from the third grade, 3 from the sixth grade) who graduated from Kuei-shan Kindergarten, I review the educational meaning of the practice. To sum up, the study suggests that Kindergartens should help children construct personality through “Socialize Integrated Curriculum ”,including perception, challenge, labor and sociability, in order to fulfill modern children’s needs. Key words： Child, Body of labor, Social Interaction,Sociability,Socialize Integrated Curriculum , wheelbarrow

中國郵政在北伐後邁入新局，一方面藉由政治力量收回郵政自主權和原成獨佔經營；另一方面又面臨「九一八事變」的空前考驗。而郵政內部也因業務、組織的劃分產生管理上的危機。在這些內外利弊因素交織互動之中，抗日戰爭接腫爆發，郵政當局又必須舍法去適應戰局的需要。因此在這一漫長的戰事中郵政事業如何因應變局？有那些新興措施？甚至在敵、偽監控下如何設法維持淪陷區的油政運作等？凡此迄今尚無專門的研究。而釐清這些課題，進而了解郵政在亢戰中扮演的角色如何，實為本文研就之目的所在。 本文資料來源主要為郵政博物館所藏的交通部檔案、交通部郵政檔案，和國史館典藏的交通部檔案、外交部檔案，以及黨史會收藏的戰時交通報告等史料。此外亦廣泛徵引交恫、郵政機關較為專業的出版品，和從業人員的回憶、論著等。在方法上則從原始資料入手，透過史料的分析儘可能將歷史還諸原來面貌。 本文內容除第壹章「緒論」、第陸章「結論」以外，總共分為四章。第二張「戰前郵政發展大勢」主要係對本文主題作背景交代。第參章「戰時軍郵制度」則對此一典型的戰時業務之內容、利弊予以分析探討。第肆章「後方郵政的發展」乃從戰時郵務的經營、金融功能的提昇、對外關係的維繫和郵運難題的克服等四方面著首，描述戰時郵政市業的發展狀況。第伍章「淪陷區郵政的維持」則敘述戰時郵政當局社法維持淪陷區我方郵政機構的諸多措施，並兼及戰後的街收工做概況。 透過上述課題探討可發現：戰前郵政本身存在的問題並未完全解決（郵儲關係、東北撤郵），戰爭亦使郵政飽受遷徙流離、破壞損失之苦；而在此狀況下又需設法開辦個項新興業務（軍郵、郵政汽車運輸、發展後方郵務）以應戰局之需；其負擔之重，遠超過任一時期。長此以往，幾使郵政的根基為之動搖。而戰後未久，國共內戰即接踵爆發，郵政事業不惟複甦無望，更隨戰局之發展趨向破滅。

本論文因受限於順服觀念運用在研究方法上的限制、政策執行理論本身的發展、及筆 者能力，故採兩個方向來探討之：首先是從順服觀念在政策執行理論中的發展為著力 點，利用文獻研究方法，依序從傳統理論、行為主義時期、當代最主要政策執行理論 、開發中國家與我們自己國家對順服觀念的發展與運用。來探討順服觀念；其次是從 個案研究的方法，去了解順服觀念實際運用在研究中，所能擴大研究者對問題視野的 可能性是如何，而個案研究所採的對像是，交通警察對車輛在道路上違規駕駛取締為 例 全文一冊，共分5 章, 14 節,約7 萬餘言 第1 章: 緒論研究動機目的和範圍、名詞界定，研究限制 第2 章：政策執行理論中順服觀念的發展研究最後筆者認為順服觀念是隨著公共行政 學的發展而漸次被提出：從早期強調X 理論時期的Obedience Conformity和Docility 到強調Y 理論時期對compliance或Noncompliance 的提出: 從早期強調科學管理而著 重探討組織內上下階層單向關係到強調組織與外部標的團體雙向關係的行為主義時期 . 第3 章: 個案理論架構, 提出從順服角度分析的架構、問題與假設。並強調順服只為 影響政策執行的必要條件。 第4 章：個家研究結果，筆者根據分析架構從順服的角度來看政策執行者與標的群體 在面臨許多足以影響順服或順眼的相關變項時的行為與態度。並依此比較找出彼此間 的認知差異。 第5 章：結論根據全文做回顧與檢討。