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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
231

論費稅改革與農民減負增收

劉英 January 2003 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration
232

幕末の麻疹と食 : 食物本草本を中心に

畑, 有紀 01 March 2011 (has links)
No description available.
233

WTO杜哈回合關稅配額改革方案對台灣農業之影響

林幸慧 Unknown Date (has links)
WTO新回合農業談判,在2001年杜哈部長會議舉行的同時正式展開,其中重要的談判結果包括杜哈宣言與七月套案,討論的內容則涵蓋農產品的市場開放議題,特別是關於敏感性產品的處理方式。 敏感性產品,對台灣而言,主要指的就是關稅配額產品,在杜哈回合農業談判之結果下,市場開放勢必會對台灣農業造成衝擊。因此,本研究會從制度面與經濟面著手,觀察新回合農業談判的進行,將會對台灣關稅配額農產品造成哪些影響。 / The Doha Round, whose conclusion includes Doha Ministerial Declarartion and July Package, was initiated at the WTO's fourth ministerial conference in Doha, Qatar, in 2001, and the negotiation has sought to enhance market access for agricultural products, including the treatment of sensitive products. With sensitive products of Taiwan mainly being tariff quota products, the result regarding to market access may cause an impact to its agriculture. Thus, in this work we examine the influence of the Doha Round, from institutional and economic perspectives, to the tariff quota agricultural products of Taiwan.
234

居民對休閒農業區推動生態旅遊認知與態度之研究─以桃園縣中壢大崙自然生態休閒農業區計劃案為例

唐嘉才 Unknown Date (has links)
休閒農業區係具備了豐富的農業生產與農村文化特色,以及在地獨特農業自然環境資源,開啟其自然、生態與景觀美學潛力,並帶動居民自我認同的理想型農業園區。然各地休閒農業區與鄰近都會型城市相距不遠,加上休憩機會密集下,勢必衝擊休閒農業區環境資源的保育。農業型生態旅遊之推動,亦兼顧農業生態保育及休閒觀光發展等雙重效益,惟如何在休閒農業區內提供更佳的旅遊方式,其先決條件在於地方居民對「生態旅遊」的認知與接受程度。因此,本研究擬針對此一問題加以探討。   本研究從居民面向切入,依據生態旅遊及認知與態度等理論之相關文獻探討,建立本研究居民之基本特性與生態旅遊認知與態度等變項間之架構,並以中壢市設籍居民為受訪對象,桃園縣中壢市大崙自然生態休閒農業區計劃案為研究範圍,探討地方居民對休閒農業區推動農業型生態旅遊之認知與態度,並分析不同屬性之居民對生態旅遊之認知與評價,以及其認知與態度間之差異與相關性,俾供政府於休閒農業區規劃政策中,注入生態旅遊活動模式之參考。本研究係採問卷調查方式進行,已回收有效問卷計300份。   經本研究實證分析結果發現:   休閒農業區亦適合發展成為農耕生態體驗與地方農業人文類之生態旅遊重地,並依受訪居民之問卷後瞭解,中壢居民對農業型生態旅遊之意涵與特性已有相當程度之認知,在接受態度上亦呈現正面與認同,故值得吾等儘早推廣與執行規劃。   基於不同基本資料與屬性之居民,對本研究生態旅遊意涵及特性之認知與反應態度間均有些許差異,經營與管理者實應針對不同屬性之中壢居民進行個別教育,並增加相關活動及資訊傳輸,籲請大眾於區內確實負起環境保育之重責大任來。   另外,中壢居民對於本研究之休閒農業區內推動生態旅遊之認知與接受態度各界面間是具有顯著相關性的,當認知面之效能愈高時,其反應評價之態度面亦呈現愈高,故印證兩者間具有正向預測作用,即居民透過宣導與教育亦愈能認同農業型生態旅遊涵義,必然能產生更積極與負責任之態度參與生態旅遊相關工作,進而共同努力提昇區內旅遊品質,朝永續性土地利用與精緻旅遊發展策略前進。 / Based on the trend of promoting ecotourism as well as the exploitation of an otherwise agricultural area, a study of the effects of converting an agricultural area into a recreational one and its conservation of environmental resources, along with the recognition and attitude of diversified residents in the area.   The subjects in this study were on those household-registered residents in Chung-li City of Tao-yung County. Residents in this area were involved in a questionnaire, being questioned about setting a recreational agricultural area in Da-lung Natural Ecosystem Resort Center of Chung-li City as a research field. This study collected opinions from diversified residents examines the recognition and attitude of local residents, analyzes their identification and evaluation about the ecotourism, and illustrates the correlation between recognition and attitude. From the findings, local residents recognize and identify with the ecosystem, accept the idea of pulling out the potential of the recreational arbitral area, and indicate positive attitude toward the utilization of the agricultural land as well. Nevertheless, the instillation of the significance of the ecotourism into the residents is necessary. By doing so, the significance of the conservation of environmental resources and the recognition of the exploitation of agricultural land will be highly accepted.   This study shows the value and feasibility of promoting and carrying out the ecotourism in Chung-li City. It also serves as a reference for the government to refine an ecotourism plan in transformational agricultural land and resources.
235

農產加工業轉型體驗型農企業之研究 / The transformation process of conventional industries from manufacturing to experience-argribusiness

陳佩妤, Chen, Pei Yu Unknown Date (has links)
台灣曾被稱為蘭花王國、植物王國、水果王國,這都在在的說明台灣農業有著得天獨厚的特色,台灣的土壤條件、天然氣候、歷史軌跡、人文智慧等風土條件是其他產業所無法擁有的,台灣農產加工品的風格競爭力是有足夠的力量來替台灣產業找到出路。台灣的消費社會已經從符號消費進入體驗消費,藉由打造品牌,注入文化,營造體驗提供給消費者真實感的附加價值,能夠重新詮釋台灣農產品的獨特與價值,以提升台灣農企業的市場競爭力。過去以生產為主的農產加工業想轉型必須運用文化、創意、美學,橫跨一級農業、二級工業與三級服務業的價值鏈,透過「1+2+3」的產業組合,發揮「1 X 2 X 3」的綜效成為第六產業。 本研究透過體驗型農企業(概念同文化創意產業)的體驗核心要素與真實體驗Authenticity兩個概念,研究農產加工業轉型經營體驗型農企業的過程,透過動態能力的架構探討企業如何調整原有的組織能力與資源,進而建構品牌、營造體驗價值的動態歷程。研究問題如下:(1)農產加工業轉型為體驗型農企業的過程為何?(2)體驗型農企業的內涵為何?(3)體驗型農企業如何藉由營造品牌真實體驗提高附加價值? 本研究發現,(1)農產加工業轉型為體驗型農企業的過程中,經營者是相當重要的掌舵人,不能搖擺。做中學是轉型很重要的助力。更要善用風土資產、產業文化資產當成發展體驗型農企業的武器。(2)轉型成體驗型農企業必須提出生活風格提案,藉由說一個真誠的故事,打造體驗型農企業的獨特形象,做出區隔。(3)藉由包含企業差異故事的獨立空間當作一獨特的媒介元素,品牌說故事的效果能達到差異化。空間經驗的體驗應包含形態、動線、相互作用、活動、背景環境。體驗型農企業的美感體驗打造應該從平面設計⇒產品設計⇒空間⇒城鎮。(4)體驗型農企業需要提供具有教育及忘我的體驗營造深度體驗的營造,讓體驗更加深刻。另一個深度體驗營造的要素是工作人員的服務,藉由工作人員與顧客的互動帶給顧客一場精彩又深刻的表演。(5)體驗型農企業營造品牌真實體驗提高附加價值的時候,要利用農產品的風土條件讓顧客感受到產品的天然性。勇於提供與市面上大部份產品不同的產品於服務,帶來原創性與獨特性的真實。體驗型農企業必須提出獨特經營理念,且真誠地執行,得到消費者影響性的認同。藉由勾起懷舊回憶或歷史的場域空間,與獨特的活動及服務,使顧客無可救藥地注意並喜歡上體驗型農企業提供的體驗。(6)最後必須用自己獨特的方式融合五個面向的真實價值,讓顧客感受到最真實體驗的感動,所以顧客願意花較高的價格購買產品或服務,提高體驗型農企業的獲利。 / Taiwan has been called as the kingdom of plants, the kingdom of fruits. The reason is the unique terrior capital of Taiwan, such as soil, weather, history, and human. By building the brand, putting the culture in, and creating the experience to customer, they could feel the added value and the unique of Taiwan’s agricultural produce. The agricultural processing industry in Taiwan had been regarded as the primary industrial sectors. However, the agricultural processing industry is transforming to Sixth industry, which integrates the primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry by culture, creative and aesthetics. The integration of different industrial sectors (1+2+3) got the synergy (1X2X3). There are two essential concepts in the study, one is the core experience element of experience-agribusiness (the concept is similar with the culture- creative industry), and the other one is Authenticity. Based on the two concepts, the research is to investigate the dynamic constructing process of the agricultural processing industry in Taiwan’s transformation, building brand, and creating the experience value. This research aims to investigate following questions: (1) What is the transformation process form the agricultural processing industries to experience-agribusiness? (2) What are the essential elements in the experience- agribusiness? (3) How does experience-agribusiness to increase added value by building brand? The preliminary research findings include 1. The owner should be determinate, which means the owner clearly know the vision. Learning by doing is the best way to successfully transform. The terroir capital and industrial culture is the very important tool. 2. The experience-agribusiness always tells a life style story to build a unique image. The space is the proper media, which includes shape, movement, event, interaction, and context. 3. The experience-agribusiness provides affective experience, which is educational, obsessed experience. The experience is given by the interaction of staff and customer. 4. The authenticity is the core of added value of experience-agribusiness. By integrating the five elements of authenticity, which are natural, original, exceptional, referential, influential elements. Afterward, customer is willing to pay more for the added value.
236

非都市土地農牧用地容許使用之研究 / Study on permitted uses of non-urban farming and grazing lands

高鈺焜 Unknown Date (has links)
非都市土地容許使用制度規範之目的係為促進土地資源之適當合理利用,避免土地遭到不當使用、濫用及誤用,並在加強非都市土地使用管制下,防止土地散漫發展侵蝕優良農田,以及天然資源的保育及杜絕自然災害的發生。惟因台灣著重經濟發展,大量的農地開發與利用,造成農地資源急速破壞,亦使農地轉用情形愈趨嚴重。而一般討論農地流失的原因多以變更開發為面向,但不論是都市計畫內或非都市土地現行的規定,農地均有許多的容許使用項目,而該等容許使用項目未必與農業使用相容,因其仍維持農地之編定,造成有變更使用之實,而無變更使用之名,然卻未有太多之論述探討農地因容許使用而產生之問題及檢討。故本研究特從探討非都市土地農牧用地容許使用執行情形,來檢視容許使用制度對農地所產生之影響。 本研究以「管制政策」理論為立論基礎,闡述為保護農地,政府應以公權力主導非都市土地農牧用地容許使用政策,修正容許使用項目現行法規及制度,建立處罰及獎勵之誘因機制,以貫徹農地保護的政策與管制。本研究並從非都市土地農牧用地容許使用法規修正演變情形及執行現況分析,再經由學者、地政、農業及目的事業主管等機關(單位)問卷調查之彙整,確認非都市土地農牧用地容許使用所造成之課題,本研究復針對各課題研擬其改善對策及配套措施。 本研究針對非都市土地農牧用地容許使用探討之結果,認為農業用地容許使用法規演變,朝向大幅放寬容許使用項目。而容許使用項目規範不當,使得農地流失、零碎及危害國土保育。農牧用地容許使用主管機關權責劃分失衡,造成容許使用以目的事業主管機關為導向。容許使用管制成效不佳,導致農牧用地違規使用情形普遍。且未建立分區分級之容許使用項目,缺乏公平之獎勵誘因機制,農牧用地容許使用制度應再檢討改進。對於上述之課題,本研究提出宜依各使用分區劃設目的調整容許使用項目,以保護優良農地。變更主管機關為農業機關,同時制訂一體適用之審查法令。落實違規使用取締,強化非都市土地農牧用地容許使用管制。並依照管制程度賦予獎勵誘因,以符合社會之公平正義等之建議,以供政府未來執行非都市土地農牧用地容許使用政策及修法之參考。 關鍵字:農牧用地、容許使用項目、非都市土地容許使用管制
237

健全我國農業金融體制與監理之探討--兼論差異化管理措施 / An investigation to agricultural finance system and supervision -Differential supervision scheme

林重境, Lin, Chung Ching Unknown Date (has links)
農漁會組織長久以來於農業發展扮演重要角色,其促進農業生產,增進農民福祉與繁榮農村經濟,對台灣早期之經濟發展貢獻許多。隨著經濟結構的變動,農會信用部面對產業結構的轉變及其他金融機構的激烈競爭,致使其經營陷入困境,經過金融重建基金處理了36家經營不善信用部,宣佈分級管理措施,及12萬農民大遊行,政府為徹底解決信用部諸多問題,於93年1月實施農業金融法,建立由行政院農業委員會一元化管理之農業金融體系,經過一連串之改革,相關財務指標顯示信用部之經營已逐漸改善中。 本研究主要探討我國農業金融體制與信用部面臨的問題,並參考日本農業金融改革之經驗,提出健全我國農業金融體制與監理之建議。 研究發現,農業金融改革後信用部之經營確實在改善中。然而,在80年代農業金融危機下遺留的問題尚未完全克服。對於我國農業金融發展,本研究從組織面、業務面與監理面進行探討,提出改革建議包括:全面檢討修訂農會法與漁會法、儘速恢復股金制、建置合併法規鼓勵合併、儘速處理經營不善之信用部並建構多元退場機制、加強農業金融體系連結與加速資訊共用平台之整合、強化對全國農業金庫與信用部之監理、落實金融監理加強實地檢查與場外監控措施、導入差異化管理與立即糾正措施等,農業金融機構有必要繼續改革,以健全農業金融體系,保障存款人權益,促進農漁村經濟發展。 / The Farmers’ and Fishermen’s Associations played an important role in the field of agricultural production. They helped agriculture develop, increased farmers’ and fishermen’s welfare, flourished the countryside and contributed a lot to the early progress of Taiwan economy. With the transition of economic structure, the whole environment became quite disadvantageous to credit departments of farmers’ and fishermens’ associations, which face the changes of the industrial structure and fierce competition from other financial institutions. With the experiences of the settlement of 36 problem credit departments by the Financial Restructuring Fund, announcement of differential supervision scheme and demonstration of 120,000 agriculturists, the government implemented the Agricultural Finance Act on 30th January 2004 and built an integrated agricultural finance system governed by the Council of Agriculture (COA) to solve many problems of credit departments. Through those reformations, the financial index showed that the condition of these credit departments has improved gradually. This study aimed to discuss those difficulties that our agricultural finance system and credit departments encountered and bring up suggestions to complete this system and the government’s supervision referring to the reformation of agricultural finance system in Japan. What our study found is that the operation of credit departments has undoubtedly improved after taking reformations to agricultural finance system in Taiwan. However, problems that the agricultural finance crisis left behind in 1980s have not been completely conquered yet. As to the prospect of our agricultural finance system, from the aspects of organizational structures, business activities and government’s supervision, we suggest the reforms include to examine and amend both the Farmers’ Association Law and the Fishermen’s Association Law from stem to stern, re-enforce paid-in capital system with all speed, draw up laws to encourage mergers, deal with problem credit departments and build up plenty selections to help them exit as soon as possible, strengthen the connection of agricultural finance system and the integration of information sharing stations, intensify our supervision towards the Agricultural Bank of Taiwan and credit departments, reinforce on-the-spot examination and off-site monitoring, bring differential supervision scheme and prompt-corrective action into practice and so on. Hence, we may achieve the goal to complete the agricultural finance system, protect the rights of depositors and prosper the rural villages’ and fishing villages’ economy.
238

《波謝洪尼耶遺風》中的地主與農奴生活圖像分析

方瑞楊 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文研究內容為分析十九世紀俄國批判寫實主義作家薩爾蒂科夫─謝德林的作品《波謝洪尼耶遺風》中的地主與農奴生活圖像。論文分為三大部份:第一部分探討謝德林的生平與創作歷程,並對其作品《波謝洪尼耶遺風》的創作背景、動機、過程與風格等方面進行深入探究。謝德林借用民間諺語中嘲諷波謝洪尼耶人盲目無知的意涵,來批判生活在農奴制下的俄國地主與農奴的愚昧粗蠻生活;作家筆下的「波謝洪尼耶」實為當代俄羅斯農奴制式生活景況的縮影。論文的第二部份分析《波謝洪尼耶遺風》中的地主階級生活圖像,從形象、物質生活與精神生活等方面來探索十九世紀俄國地主生活。謝德林所描繪的地主階級以人數佔最多數的中等地主與小地主為主,呈現出當代多數地主生活不甚體面的此一事實。地主雖身為貴族,但其言行與內在卻未必高尚,謝德林對地主階級普遍的愚昧與粗俗進行揭露,並給予深刻的批判。論文第三部份分析《波謝洪尼耶遺風》中的農奴階級生活圖像,從形象、勞動生活與精神生活等方面來探索農奴階級(農民與家奴)的生活。農奴與地主的生活緊密相繫,謝德林對農奴生活的描繪,一方面呈現出下層農民與家奴的勞苦境況,另一方面批判地主奴役農奴之野蠻;從中可感知作家對農奴階級的同情,其立場始終都站在農奴這一方。《波謝洪尼耶遺風》寫於十九世紀下半葉,基於農奴解放後的俄國社會中仍然存在著農奴制的遺毒,謝德林藉此書重現上半葉的生活,作為對當代後生晚輩的告誡,而此告誡,不只適用於十九世紀末,乃至二十一世紀的今日,仍具有深刻的警世寓意。
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農業科技整廠輸出之可行性分析 / The research on agriculture technology with turnkey project as the business model

詹淑珠 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣農業科技之技術及研發能量在國際上頗負盛名,同時也是目前行政院推動六大新興產業-精緻農業中相當重要的一環,然而應該如何將此具有優勢之農業科技實際落實並轉換成經濟價值就變成是一個相當重要的議題。 台灣在七○年代開始由政府推動整廠輸出之貿易方式,不論是在政策上給予特定協助或是組成專門機構輔導從事從廠輸出之業者,因此,在政府的支持及業者的努力之下,確實為台灣創造了許多的經濟發展成果,並且一直持續到現在,顯見整廠輸出的確是一種可行的交易方式,因此在本論文中將從農業科技的本質、特性以及整體環境等面向來討論農業科技是否是適合採用整廠輸出模式做為交易的方式。 整廠輸出的交易由標的選擇、業務爭取、設計建廠、測試訓練、移交營運等五個連續的階段所構成,每一個階段都包含不同的工作項目、不同的交易標的。整廠輸出是一種交易項目複雜、交易時間長、風險高、帶有強烈整合性質、但相對地能創造更高附加價值的交易方式,而採用這類方式的技術多是較高階或是較為複雜的技術組合,因此做為輸出的一方,需要擁有相當的資源與整合能力才能夠順利完成整個交易。 就農業科技本身而言,多數人對於交易的標的都仍停留在「產品」的階段,而忽略實際上在農業科技應用的過程中所形成或產生之技術、know how、原料、設備資材、半成品等也能夠做為交易的標的,但是因為農業的本質上有其特殊性,因此也會連帶影響到農業科技商品化的選擇,如商品的選擇及組合多元、技術實施可能受限、知識經驗含量深,容易因人而異、保護複雜性高及需考量繁殖特性、悠關生活,安全性要求高、回收期較長等都是在將農業科技商品化過程中需要考量的重要議題。 從整廠輸出執行中呈現出四大特色:複合性交易、經驗之必要、環境之創造與異業之結合來看,整廠輸出的模式實際上可以視為是創造或是維持一個該項技術適合實施與應用的環境,而這樣的特色對於農業科技因其本質在商品化過程中所形成之需求剛好互相呼應,能夠借此更加確保農業科技在應用過程中的成效與價值。因此對於農業科技來說,整廠輸出確實是一種可以做為商品化交易的一種選擇。但是在農業科技進行整廠輸出之前,輸出方也需要就輸入地區對於該技術之接受程度、輸入地區對於該技術之發展限制、保護方式、以及與輸入地區之政策競合等問題進一步了解,以確保該項技術市場之存在,而技術於輸入之後的確有足夠的資源來支持,並能夠獲得適當的保護以避免技術輸出方反而因此失去競爭力,同時也能更了解該輸入區對技術的需求目的以及可能的行銷或合作對象。 除此之外,在本論文中針對目前環境對於農業科技採用整廠輸出模式可能會遭遇到的問題進行討論。由於農業在台灣發展歷史悠久,但絕大多數是透過「產品」交易的方式進行,因此業者對於技術交易的知識與經驗不夠充分,所以在商品化的過程中可能會碰到許多困難無法解決;再者,農業以往多半被視為傳統產業,因此外界的資源、資金、人力等資源也較難主動投入到農業領域,同時再加上業者目前發展的規模都較小,面對整廠輸出這樣複雜而長期的交易過程是否有足夠的能力、資源、彈性去面對也是一項需要克服的問題。 整體而言,台灣所擁有的農業科技技術含含量及know how均有相當高的水準,有能力擔任技術輸出方,而面對食品安全、糧荒議題備受重視、新興市場興起及對技術的需求急切,因此對於農業科技整廠輸出這樣的需求是存在且相當必要的,是以對台灣來說整廠輸出的確是一種可行的交易選擇。 然而,在目前的整體環境之下,若要採用整廠輸出的交易模式仍有一定之挑戰,因此於本論文最後分別對業者及政府提出建議。對業者來說,最重要的是要了解技術與產業之發展,挑選適當的技術做為整廠輸出之核心,並對此技術嚴加保護及掌握,如此才能長久保持競爭力,同時業者也應該更加強對商業化活動的了解與多元人才的引進,強化企業的經營與規模;而對政府而言,最重要的則是建構一個有利於整廠輸出模式執行的環境,包括整廠輸出模式之宣導及推廣,提供業者在執行過程中的實質協助,並協助將分散於學研單及民間業者或個人的技術整合,組成技術組合,同時也應就行政管理層面整合,減少業者在執行整廠輸出過程中因為行政程序或是不同單位之規定而造成時間或資源上的浪費,且應積極透過政策來導農業加速產業化,改變一般人對於農業的觀感,吸納更多的能量與人才進入農業,促進成正向的循環。 / Agriculture technology developments and the research abilities in Taiwan are well known around the world. Nowadays in Taiwan agriculture technology development is one of the most important strategies, so that how to transform the technology into real economic value is becoming a big issue. In this research, we will discuss whether the turnkey project is suitable for agriculture technology or not from several points of view, such as the nature of agriculture technology, the characteristics in its commercialization progress, the outside environments, ect. In 1980’s, governments in Taiwan began to promote the’’ Turnkey Project ’’ model to the industries and gave them assistances in both policy making and consulting institute establishing. These strategies really contributed to the economic development in the following years. So the turnkey project could be a workable and useful business model. The turnkey project business model consists of five phases, including target setting, project bidding, design and construction, testing and training, and transferring the management. Each stage has different tasks and different issues awaited to be accomplished. It’s a complicated, high-risk, and long-term deal. Usually, we will use the turnkey project when having a high-level technology or complicated technology portfolios in one trade. Thus as being the technology supplier, highly integrative ability and lots of resources are requested. When talking about trade in agriculture, it comes out ’’products ’’ in most people’s minds. Actually, there are more than products which could be viewed as the trading subjects, such as the supporting technologies, know how, raw materials, equipments, etc. Therefore, agriculture has many distinctive characteristics when commercializing, and these characteristics will lead to different results. All these characteristics are important issues to deal with. The turnkey Project is a kind of environment creating and preserving. It creates the appropriate environment for the technology to practice. When this model used on agriculture technology, it is just compliance with the distinctive characteristics of agriculture technology. Therefore, turnkey project model could ensure the better results and higher value of agriculture technology. Before choosing turnkey project as the business model, the technology owner or supplier needs to confirm several conditions about the target importing country or area. He has to check whether the acceptance of the technology is high, the developing restriction of the technology is few, the protection of the technology is easy, and the local government policies is supportive, to make sure this agriculture technology can enter, exit here and not to reduce his own competitiveness at the same time. Viewing the world as a market, the demand of agriculture technology is urgent and serious because the food safety and the food shortage issues are becoming more and more critical and the emerging countries are eager to have new and good technologies in developing their own countries. Taiwan’s agriculture technologies are both good at quality and quantity. Therefore, being the technology exporter with the turnkey project model is a great opportunity to Taiwan. However, there are still some challenges now in Taiwan when using turnkey project as the business model. To solve the problems, as the private firms, they have to figure out the development of the industry and the technology, and then find out the core of technologies, set up an appropriate protection and design a proper trading package. Also they need to learn more about business language and logics for better communication with their customers in the future. For the government sections, their missions are to create a friendly environment for the business executing turnkey project.
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共產黨.地方菁英.農民:鄂豫皖蘇區的共產革命(1922-1932)

陳耀煌 Unknown Date (has links)
本文試圖以鄂豫皖蘇區的例子來說明,共產黨最初必須藉由與地方菁英的合作來深入地方與動員農民,當地方菁英後來成為了共產黨建立群眾政權的阻礙時,張國燾藉由肅反解決了那些桀驁不馴、尾大不掉的地方菁英。但是,這並不意味著共產黨自此之後能夠建立一個真正的群眾政權,由於大多數的群眾對於共產黨仍是缺乏認識與信仰,因此,共產黨依舊必須透過地方菁英來控制群眾與掠奪地方資源。只不過,與前一階段的地方菁英不同,這一批由張國燾所培育的新的地方菁英(有的仍是由舊的地方菁英轉化而來,有的則是自下層群眾提拔上來),較前一階段的地方菁英更為馴服。這就說明了,事實上,共產黨政權與國民黨政權最大的不同,並不在於前者是群眾政權,而後者不是;相反的,兩者其實都必須藉由地方菁英來進行統治,只不過,共產黨比國民黨更懂得如何去控制地方菁英罷了!整個說來,這是一個從合作到控制的過程。

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