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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

中國大陸「失業問題」之研究

李建德, Li Jend Unknown Date (has links)
近來中國大陸失業問題日益嚴重,其不僅是重大的經濟問題,也是重大的政治、社會問題。從政治層面而言,失業問題能否有效解決會影響到大陸社會穩定與否,這就關係到大陸政權安定與改革步伐的快慢與否。目前大陸失業問題嚴重之原因主要是大陸人口增長過快造成勞動力供給總量過剩、國企改革幅度加大與農村長久以來累積的隱性失業人口顯性化造成的,雖然大陸大力推展「再就業工程」欲解決此問題,但是傳統「重城輕鄉」的舊觀念不加以改革的話,其所提的促進就業政策往往就偏而不全,無法真正切實達到城鄉間充分就業的目標。 第一章 前言………………………………………………………..1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………….…1 第二節 研究方法與限制……………………………………………….3 第三節 研究範圍與架構……………………………………………….5 第二章 中國大陸失業之狀況………………………………………7 第一節 失業相關名詞定義之釐清……………………………………..7 第二節 真實失業率之探討…………………………………………..16 第三節 失業對大陸社會之衝擊………………………………………22 第三章 失業問題擴大之原因………………………………………..37 第一節 人口增長與勞動力過剩……………………………………….37 第二節 國企改革幅度加大之影響…………………………………….39 第三節 農村剩餘勞動力顯性化……………………………………….49 第四章 失業問題解決之道與成效評估…………………………….61 第一節 再就業工程……………………………………………………61 第二節 發展第三產業…………………………………………………67 第三節 國際勞務輸出…………………………………………………73 第四節 提高經濟成長率………………………………………………78 第五節 促進農業和農村經濟全面發展……………………………84 第五章 結論與建議.……………………………………………….93 參考書目………………………………………………………………103
222

勞工平價住宅政策可行性之評估-以發展許可制分析 / The Evaluation on Feasibility of Low Cost Housing for Laborers --Based on Analysis of "Development Permission" ,which is considerated to be adopted by the authorities.

楊冀華, Yang, Chi-Hwag Unknown Date (has links)
本論文針對勞工平價住宅政策如何可行?此一議題,指出現今台灣地區房地產價格不合理原因之一肇使於土地開發制度之缺失所釀致之開發利益分配不公問題。因此在住宅問題上,強調應從土地使用規劃與管制此一巷面向切入,並注入活化土地使用規劃與管制制度之因素,建立發展許可制,俾使土地開發利益能夠合理分配,對遏止住宅價格狂飆及建立勞工平價住宅政策有相當助益。本論文企圖從理論與實務兩方面來論證『建立發展許可制,健全回饋系統,使土地開發利益合理分配,勞工平價住宅政策才有實踐可能』。此一命題之正確性,在理論方面探討英、美兩國開發管制理念及制度,以開發利益分配,融合中山先生平均地權理論,探討國內土地開發管制缺失。實務方面,分析發展許可制中回饋負擔之運用,並結合農地釋出方案,為勞工平價住宅政策在用地取得及價位合理提供可行性評估及實踐辦法。
223

都市空間結構與公共支出關係之研究 / Urban Spatial Structure and Public Expenditures

潘依茹, Pan, Yi Ju Unknown Date (has links)
人口在空間上分布的差異形成集中發展抑或分散發展型態,相對地對於地方財政的支出亦有不同程度的影響。在現今台灣省各地方政府普遍存在著財源短絀之情形下,農地釋出政策的實施所造成都市規模的擴張,是否會引發地方財政加重的趨勢,實有深究的必要。因此本研究的目的,乃在於探討都市空間結構的差異對公共支出的變化影響效果,並進一步提出土地發展政策涵義。   針對上述,本研究擬藉由人口密度斜率此變數,作為都市空間結構之指標,進而瞭解都市發展型態之差異對地方公共支出的影響。所謂人口密度斜率乃是隨著距離的增加,人口在空間上的變化情形。其次,以中位數投票模型理論及官僚模型理論為基礎,建立模型並進行測試,同時為因應農地釋出政策的實施,在台灣省各市鄉鎮都市計畫區農業區釋出的假設前題下,進行模擬分析。   經本研究結果發現,就總體而言,台灣省各市鄉鎮目前之都市空間結構有分散發展的趨勢,並有無效率的現象;次就農地釋出而言,在不考慮人口規模聚集經濟的情況下,過多的土地開發,將會有惡化現存地方財政不足之趨勢。 / The difference of population spreads in the spatial will result in the pattern of concentrated development or dispersed development. Oppo-sitely, the difference pattern will influence to local public expenditures. On the condition that the local government often exists short tag of finance in Taiwan, so to practice policy of agriculture land release which should result in the extension of urban scale whether will increase the final burden or not, has necessary to discuss. Thus, the propose of this study is to discuss that the difference of urban spatial structure has what effect of change influence to pubhc expenditure, and father want to propose the meaning of land development policy.   As above that, this study uses the population density gradient to be the guide of urban spatial structure, and then want to understand the difference of urban development pattern has what influence to local public ex-penditure. Population density describes how rapidly the density falls off with distance. Next, based on the median voter theory and bureaucracy theory to built the model and test it, then for to practice the policy of agriculture land release, this study on the assumption that all agriculture area of urban planned area will be released in Taiwan progresses simulation and analysis which wants to know the influence of agriculture land release.   According to the result of this study, we find, fister, the present con-dition of local public in Taiwan, urban spatial structure has the tend of dis-persed development, and cause to nonefficiency. Second, if the agriculture land release do not consider the agglomeration economics of population scale, then to development too many lands will worse present local final.
224

中國大陸勞動力市場變遷與農村勞動力移轉 / China s labor market change and agricultural redundant-labor transfer

曾達信, Tzeng, Dar shin Unknown Date (has links)
在1978年以前中國大陸在中央計劃指令經濟下加上實施一套管制嚴格的戶籍管理、勞動就業與糧食住宅配給等制度使得勞動力自由流動受限使得雙元性發展階段之農村剩餘勞動力無法有效率的移轉1979年以後經濟改革引進引進市場機制放寬遷徒管制使得勞動力市場逐漸發展。經由證明:在1979年後經濟改革引進市場機制勞動力市場逐漸恢復後其勞動資源分派之效率的確提高。
225

台灣地區農地變更使用制度之研究 / A Study On the Conversion System of Farmland in Taiwan

林紀玫, Lin, Chi Mei Unknown Date (has links)
動態的社會中,由於都市成長、經濟發展及所得增加等結果,必然引起法 定土地使用計畫變更之需求,而導致原有使用分區及收益性較低之農地編 定變更。然由於農地的變更係一不能反轉的投資(Irreinvestment),故於 兼顧其他產業之發展與需求時,對農地變更使用宜有嚴謹的管制措施,俾 維護整體農業資源的完整。本研究基於土地使用承繼理論與成長管理理念 ,對現行台灣地區農地變更使用概況進行分析,並進一步對現行農地變更 使用管制及農地變更使用權益調整規定加以檢討,發現農地變更使用法制 規定的確存有若干待改進之處。而為了解現行法制背景下農地變更使用之 影響,以台北縣蘆洲鄉及二省道新莊市中港厝段與泰山鄉泰山段為個案, 分析農地合法與非法變更之影響,結果發現法制規定的不完備,使得無論 合法或非法之變更對於農業經營產生負面之作用,且造成權益不均之現象 。基於對農地變更使用法制規定及個案影響分析之結果,對台灣地區農地 變更使用制度,建議由農地變更使用之法制面、權益面及執行面予以改進 ,並擬具相關之配合措施,以為未來農地變更使用制度改進之建議。
226

國家與公民社會的相互依賴:以中國非政府組織參與農村教育為列 / The interdependency between state and civil society:

雷娜, Regina Martinez Enjuto Unknown Date (has links)
Rural education in China is the meeting point between civil society and the state. Due to serious inefficiencies and insufficiencies of the education financial system, the state has searched for alternative ways to address the severe problems of education in rural areas, namely, it is performing an inclusive strategy of new social agents (NGOs) to improve the conditions of basic education in rural areas, following the paradigm “Small Government, Big Society”. By participating in the provision of rural education, NGOs engage in informal ties through which they can transfer information to the government and softly advocate changes in specific measures that would improve rural education. Educational NGOs represent the largest group of officially recognized NGOs in China, and their participation in rural education is of key significance to understand contemporary state-society relations in China. The present thesis intends to cover the whole of academic research on Chinese NGOs, understand the background conditions of rural education in China and the causes that drive NGOs to work on the field; discuss the limitations these NGOs encounter and their contributions to the development of rural education; and lastly, evaluate their implications for state-society relations in both the practical and theoretical sense, likewise expanding the existing theoretical body on civil society in China. The research methodology includes a theoretical exploration on civil society in China and a descriptive analysis of NGOs in China; an historical analysis of the development of the education system, and a descriptive study of the education conditions, focusing on rural education. It includes an examination of Project Hope, and a case study on Beijing Western Sunshine Rural Development Foundation (BWSF), based on empirical evidence gathered during a field trip conducted during the months of July and August 2009 in Beijing and Sichuan (China). It is argued that educational NGOs and the state are engaging in interdependent type of relationships. However, the case study of Beijing Western Sunshine Rural Development Foundation will evidence that educational NGOs engage in more complex interdependent dynamics as they build necessary operational social networks with other non-state agents. Such phenomenon highlights the existence of civil society aspects in China.
227

進城上學:中國大陸二元體制下農民工子女教育之研究 / Struggle for schooling: a research of education problems of migrant-worker's children under the dual system

彭郁涵 Unknown Date (has links)
中國大陸改革開放後,農村剩餘勞動力逐漸流入城市,形成龐大的農民工群體。隨著農民工數量劇增,家庭化流動的趨勢成長,農民工隨遷子女的教育問題開始受到關注。農民工隨遷子女的教育問題是中國大陸人口流動的派生性問題。作為弱勢群體,他們的教育問題不單指涉農民工及其子女,更和中國大陸國家發展戰略和社會秩序有直接的關聯。鑒於其原因產生的複雜性,本文以農民工隨遷子女為研究對象,試圖以社會排斥為理論支點,分析農民工隨遷子女進城所面臨的教育問題及產生這些不平等的社會排斥因素。 本文首先闡述農民工隨遷子女在教育起點、教育過程、教育結果遭遇的不公平待遇;接著將西方的社會排斥理論應用到中國大陸弱勢群體的問題討論中,不將社會弱勢群體的產生歸於貧困單一因素,而是把農民工隨遷子女受教育問題和多方面的社會排斥作連結。本文認為,中國社會轉型大背景下產生的二元戶籍制度,是阻礙農民工隨遷子女平等受教育的主要制度性障礙,除此之外,戶籍制度也在制度、經濟以及文化三方面發揮影響,使之排斥農民工隨遷子女。而綜合各層面的社會排斥則可發現,經濟資源分配不均是造成農民工隨遷子女教育困難、承受各層面社會排斥的重要原因;政治排斥則可理解為更深層次的社會排斥,由於遭受政治排斥,使得農民工及其子女陷於政府服務的真空之中,各方面的基本權利皆無法得到有效的保障。 本文最後指出,由於農民工隨遷子女的教育問題涉及面廣,要解決好這一問題必須有賴中國大陸政府結合實際情況,將各層面相關政策作一統籌,並從基本上實現農民工群體的政治權利,才能有助於社會政策更加合理、有效地分配有限資源,幫助農民工隨遷子女脫離被社會排斥的狀態,融入社會。
228

抗戰時期的災荒與救濟--國民政府統治地區之研究(1937∼1945) / The Famine and Relief During Sino-Japanese War --a Research of the Ruling Area of KMT(1937-1945)

陳清敏, Cheng, Ching-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
229

改革開放後天津農業生產效率的探討 / The efficiency of agriculture productivity in Tianjin after revolution since 1978

郭欣芳 Unknown Date (has links)
依據天津市於改革開放後(1978年~2010年)農業投入產出資料建立了隨機邊界生產函數模型,並對天津農業生產效率進行了測算和分析。研究結果發現天津的農業增長主要依賴流動資本的投入,另因天津市地理環境因素,溫度高低及降雨量多寡在農業生產效率中也具有關鍵影響力,農業生產技術效率水準隨時間增加有逐漸提升趨勢,政府財政支農及農業貸款的數字逐年提升,但研究結果顯示政府財政支農金額及農業貸款對於天津農業生產效率無影響。 / Based on the agricultural input and output data from Tianjin City after the reform and opening (1978~2010), a random marginal productivity function model was built. And tests and analyses regarding the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City were performed. According to the research results, the agricultural growth in Tianjin City mainly depended on the input of current capital. In addition, due to the geographic and environmental factors in Tianjin City, temperature and rainfall both played an important role in the agricultural production efficiency. The agricultural production technology level had been increasing with time. The amounts of the government’s financial support for agriculture and agricultural loans had been increasing year by year. However, the research results show that these amounts had no influence on the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City.
230

カンボジアにおける農産物加工産業振興モデルの構築を通じた人材育成 : 実践的な研究・教育の場としての国際協力活動の事例から

伊藤, 香純 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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