Studiens syfte är att belysa hur speciallärare med specialisering mot utvecklingsstörning lyfter fram metoder som gynnar kommunikationsutveckling för elever på särskolan. Vidare belyses vilka sociala sammanhang och verktyg som används för att främja kommunikationen för elever i särskolan. I studien tolkas resultatet ur det sociokulturella perspektivet där artefakter, kultur och den närmaste utvecklingszonen är de centrala begrepp som används i tolkningen. En hermeneutisk ansats används i studien och kvalitativa intervjuer av semistrukturerad karaktär genomfördes med åtta speciallärare, verksamma inom grund- och gymnasiesärskolor runt om i Sverige. En förhoppning var att studien skulle ge aha-upplevelser gällande hur lärare kan arbeta med kommunikation samt ge oss en större verktygslåda i vår profession som speciallärare. Resultatet presenteras i kategorier som framkommit vid analys av empirin. Resultatet visar att kommunikation inom särskolan innefattar många olika artefakter, och de artefakter som används mest är bilder och tecken. Kulturer som förekommer för att gynna kommunikationsutvecklingen för elever på särskolan är läsande och spela spel för att eleverna ska kunna bli så självständiga som möjligt. För de på tidig utvecklingsnivå lyfts imitation som centralt för att utveckla kommunikationen. I studien framkommer att både speciallärare och elever behöver stöttning i den närmaste utvecklingszonen vad det gäller kommunikation. Miljöerna är kommunikativt tillgängliga men dock endast på individ och gruppnivå och inte på organisationsnivå. / The purpose of the study is to shed light on how special education teachers with a focus on developmental disabilities, to highlight methods that benefit communication development for students at the special school. Furthermore, the social contexts and tools that are used to promote communication for students in special schools are highlighted. The study interprets the results from the socio-cultural perspective where artifacts, culture and the immediate development zone are the central concepts used in the interpretation. A hermeneutic approach is used in the study and qualitative interviews of a semi-structured nature were conducted with eight special teachers, active in primary and secondary special schools around Sweden. One hope was that the study would provide aha-experiences regarding how teachers can work with communication and give us a larger toolbox in our profession as special teachers. The results are presented in categories that emerged from the analysis of the empirical data.The results show that communication within the special school includes many different artifacts, and the artifacts that are used most are images and signs. Cultures that exist to promote communication development for students at the special school are reading and playing games so that the students can become as independent as possible. For those at an early stage of development, imitation is emphasized as central to developing communication. The study shows that both special needs teachers and students need support in the immediate development zone when it comes to communication. The environments are communicatively accessible, but only at the individual and group level and not at the organizational level.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att bidra med kunskap om ordförrådsutveckling och dess främjande avseende elever med språkstörning, utifrån några lärares, speciallärares och skollogopeders beskrivningar. Elever med språkstörning utvecklar inte sina språkliga förmågor i samma takt som jämnåriga och utveckling av ordförrådet är ett vanligt svårighetsområde hos dessa elever. Ordförrådet spelar en avgörande roll för förståelsen i all undervisning och därför riskeras måluppfyllelsen hos elever med ordförrådssvårigheter. Den teoretiska ramen för studien utgörs av teorier om lexikala nätverk samt sociokulturell teori. Studiens ansats är fenomenografisk och empirin har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. I resultatet framkommer informanternas beskrivningar av hur svårigheter med ordförrådet yttrar sig, hur lärmiljön kan göras språkligt tillgänglig samt hur ordförrådsutvecklingen kan stimuleras och stödjas, både i klassrumsundervisningen och den individanpassade undervisningen. Informanterna beskriver att elever med språkstörning kan ha svårt att uttrycka sig, uttala och mobilisera ord vid olika tillfällen. Deras svårigheter med språklig förståelse påverkar förmågan att förstå innehållet i genomgångar, instruktioner och texter. I resultatet återfinns exempel på generella anpassningar i den ordinarie undervisningen som kan öka den språkliga tillgängligheten; en tydlig lektionsstruktur, muntliga och skriftliga instruktioner, visualisering, symbolstöd, konkret material och digitala lärverktyg. I studien ges exempel på hur ordförrådsundervisningen kan se ut för att stödja elever med språkstörning såsom högläsning, gemensam läsning samt läsgrupper där nya ord förklaras och knyts till elevernas erfarenheter. Ett fördjupat arbete med ämnesspecifika och ämnesövergripande ord beskrivs som innebär att ordet förklaras och knyts till en bild, sak eller erfarenhet samt används i språkliga aktiviteter. Förförståelse, många exponeringar och repetition är gynnsamt. Vid skrivande kan ordmobilisering underlättas av bilder, startmeningar, ordbankar, synonymlistor och ordprediktionsprogram. Resultatet visar att elever med språkstörning behöver mycket stöd, både i klassrumsundervisningen och individuellt. Speciallärarens roll blir att uppmärksamma språksvårigheterna, stödja läraren med ordförrådsundervisning i klassrummet och skapa en språkligt tillgänglig lärmiljö samt tillämpa individanpassade insatser för att stödja ordförrådsutvecklingen. / The purpose of this qualitative study is to provide further knowledge regarding vocabulary development of students with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). It is based on the feedback from class teachers, learning support teachers and educational speech therapists. Students with DLD do not advance in their language skills at the same rate as their peers and vocabulary development is a common area of difficulty for these students. Vocabulary plays a crucial role in the process of learning and therefore poses a risk of not reaching the students full potential. The theoretical framework for this study consists of theories of lexical networks and sociocultural theory. The study approach is phenomenographic and the empirical evidence was obtained through semi-structured interviews. The results outline the assessors descriptions of how the challenges with vocabulary manifest itself whilst outlining how to create language-accessible learning environments. They also define how the development of vocabulary can be stimulated and supported, both in the classroom and through individualised learning. The assessors describe that students with DLD may have some difficulty expressing themselves, pronouncing and mobilising their words in certain situations. Their difficulties with linguistic comprehension affects the ability to understand the content of the teaching, instructions and texts. Results include examples of general adaptations in ordinary teaching that can increase language accessibility; a clear lesson structure, oral and written instructions, visualisation, symbol support, concrete material and digital learning tools. This study gives examples of what vocabulary teaching may look like when supporting students with DLD, like reading aloud, shared reading and reading groups where new words are explained and linked to the students experiences. In-depth work with specific and interdisciplinary words means that the word is explained and linked to an image, item or experience and used in linguistic activities. Prior understanding, increased exposure and repetition are all beneficial. When writing, word mobilisation can be facilitated by pictures, starting sentences, word banks, thesaurus lists and word prediction programs. End results show that students with DLD need a lot of support, both in the classroom and individually. The learning support teacher's role will be to bring attention to any language difficulties, support the teacher with vocabulary teaching in the classroom, create a linguistically accessible learning environment and provide individualised support to aid vocabulary development.

One of the central challenges for the healthcare system today is how to manage care for patients with complex needs. This patient group is not well-defined but covers patients with serious diseases and comorbidities, or with a limited ability to perform basic daily functions due to physical, mental or psychosocial challenges. This group has a high service and resource utilisation resulting in high costs for the healthcare system and, typically, poor health outcomes. To improve care for these patients, it is necessary to implement strategies to manage the differentiated care needs, the additional support needs, the uncertainty in care delivery, and the coordination needs of the involved providers and the patient. Care pathways are increasingly used internationally to make care more patient-centred and to structure and design care processes for individual patient groups. Important elements in care pathways include structuring care activities, by defining their content and sequence; coordinating between providers and professionals; and involving patients in their care process. In this thesis, care pathways are proposed as the overall strategy for managing care for patients with complex care needs. The purpose of this thesis is thus to contribute with knowledge on how care pathways can be managed for patients with complex care needs. This is achieved by analysing how the practices coordination, standardisation, customisation and personalisation can support management of care pathways and by discussing how these practices influence quality of care. The quality of care dimensions discussed are accessible, timely, equitable, and patient-centred care. The empirical context in this thesis is the Standardised Cancer Care Pathways (CCPs) which were implemented in Sweden from 2015 to 2018. CCPs is the umbrella term for the national initiative to shorten waiting times, decrease regional differences and reduce fragmentation in care processes. CCPs include elements such as diagnosis-specific pathways and guidelines, introduction of CPP coordinators, and mandatory reporting of waiting times. Focus has been on implementing care pathways for 31 cancer diagnoses in all Swedish healthcare regions. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods have been used. A case study was conducted to examine standardised and customised care pathways, and coordination and multidisciplinary work in care pathways. A document study of regional reports on CCPs was analysed to study effects of care pathways on accessibility, timeliness and equitability. Finally, a national survey was conducted to deepen the understanding of the role of coordination, as performed by coordinators, in care pathways. This thesis argues that standardised and customised care pathways should be combined to manage care for patients with complex care needs. The customised pathway in particular benefits patients with serious unspecific symptoms, unknown primary tumour or more complex care needs, while patients with care needs that can be treated independently of the main diagnosis benefit from following a standardised care pathway. Coordinators are an important means to manage coordination, customisation and personalisation in the care pathway. The coordinators’ role is twofold: the first role is to manage care pathways by customising the care pathway and coordinating involved providers; the second role is to support and guide patients through the care pathway. This can be achieved by adapting interpersonal communication with patients through personalisation. This thesis further argues that care pathways have most potential to positively influence accessibility, timeliness, equitability, and patient-centredness. Accessibility has been positively influenced, especially for patients with ambiguous symptoms where symptoms indicating cancer have improved their chances of accessing cancer diagnostics. A negative aspect of prioritising patients who follow CCPs has been the potentially longer waiting times for other patient groups in equal need of urgent care. Notwithstanding, prioritised access to care is perceived to positively influence timeliness for patients following CCPs. Care pathways are perceived to have positively influenced patient-centredness by shifting the focus from what to deliver to how to deliver it.

No description available.

Tidigare forskning visar att det är svårt att skapa relationer i arbete på distans. Goda relationer bidrar till att organisationer uppnår sina mål. Därför behöver distansledare inneha egenskaper och kunskaper kring hur de ska hantera utmaningarna som finns i relationsskapandet på distans. Denna studie syftar till att utveckla en djupare förståelse för hur chefer upplever och skapar relationer till sina medarbetare i distansarbetet. Empiri har insamlats genom åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med chefer i en offentlig organisation, vars svar har analyserats och tematiserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet synliggör både utmaningar och möjligheter samt visar att kommunikation, social interaktion, tillit samt tillgänglighet och närvaro är tillvägagångsätt som chefer tillämpat i relationsskapandet på distans. / Previous research shows that it is difficult to create relationships at a distance. Good relationships help organizations achieve their goals. Therefore, distance leaders need to have qualities and knowledge about how to handle the challenges that exist in building relationship at a distance. This study aims to develop a deeper understanding of how managers experience and create relationships with their employees in distance work. Empirical data has been collected throughout eight semi-structured interviews with managers in a public organization, whose responses have been analyzed and thematized using thematic analysis. The results highlight both challenges and opportunities and shows that communication, social interaction, trust, accessibility and presence are means that managers have applied in creating relationships at a distance.

[ES] La presente tesis doctoral propone un acercamiento metodológico para conceptualizar y diseñar proyectos de comunicación gráfica en exposiciones bajo criterios de sostenibilidad, accesibilidad e inclusión, teniendo en cuenta a las personas usuarias en todas las fases de desarrollo del proyecto. En primer lugar, se analiza la evolución del museo y sus funciones, atendiendo a los cambios sociales y tecnológicos acontecidos en las últimas décadas, que suponen un nuevo paradigma en la relación entre estos espacios culturales y sus audiencias, especialmente por la irrupción de las redes sociales y las técnicas de participación, que ofrecen interesantes posibilidades a nivel didáctico. Posteriormente, la investigación aborda la importancia de tener en cuenta la diversidad humana para promover instalaciones y discursos adaptados a todo tipo de audiencias, independientemente de sus características físicas, cognitivas, edad, formación o cualquier otro condicionante. Teniendo en cuenta estas premisas, se aborda la materialización del diseño museográfico bajo criterios de diseño para todas las personas, que se combina con los principios teóricos de la interpretación gráfica para asegurar una comunicación efectiva de los discursos. Finalmente, y ante la actual crisis climática, se ahonda en el diseño y producción sostenible de exposiciones, realizando un profundo estudio teórico aplicado a este ámbito. A partir de casos de estudio innovadores y un exhaustivo análisis de materiales, se proponen alternativas a la producción tradicional y diversas soluciones creativas a partir de la reutilización y circularidad de los materiales. La aportación se completa con entrevistas a profesionales de reconocido prestigio para ahondar en los retos a los que se enfrenta la museografía del futuro. Desde estas tres ópticas o líneas teóricas, lejos de concebir un método de forma estanca, la investigación sugiere concebir el diseño museográfico como un proceso de mejora continua para promover proyectos de comunicación significantes, inclusivos y sostenibles. / [CAT] La present tesi doctoral proposa un apropament metodològic per a conceptualitzar i dissenyar projectes de comunicació gràfica en exposicions sota criteris de sostenibilitat, accessibilitat i inclusió, tenint en compte a les persones usuàries en totes les fases de desenvolupament del projecte. En primer lloc, s'analitza l'evolució del museu i les seues funcions, atesos els canvis socials i tecnològics esdevinguts en les últimes dècades, que suposen un nou paradigma en la relació entre aquests espais culturals i les seues audiències, especialment per la irrupció de les xarxes socials i les tècniques de participació, que ofereixen interessants possibilitats en l'àmbit didàctic. Posteriorment, la investigació aborda la importància de tindre en compte la diversitat humana per a promoure instal·lacions i discursos adaptats a tota mena d'audiències, independentment de les seues característiques físiques, cognitives, edat, formació o qualsevol altre condicionant. Tenint en compte aquestes premisses, s'aborda la materialització del disseny museogràfic sota criteris de disseny per a totes les persones, que es combina amb els principis teòrics de la interpretació gràfica per a assegurar una comunicació efectiva dels discursos. Finalment, i davant l'actual crisi climàtica, s'aprofundeix en el disseny i producció sostenible d'exposicions, realitzant un profund estudi teòric aplicat a aquest àmbit. A partir de casos d'estudi innovadors i una exhaustiva anàlisi de materials, es proposen alternatives a la producció tradicional i diverses solucions creatives a partir de la reutilització i circularitat dels materials. L'aportació es completa amb entrevistes a professionals de reconegut prestigi per a aprofundir en els reptes als quals s'enfronta la museografia del futur. Des d'aquestes tres òptiques o línies teòriques, lluny de concebre un mètode de manera estanca, la investigació suggereix concebre el disseny museogràfic com un procés de millora contínua per a promoure projectes de comunicació significants, inclusius i sostenibles. / [EN] This doctoral thesis proposes a methodological approach to conceptualise and design graphic communication projects in exhibitions under the criteria of sustainability, accessibility, and inclusion, while considering users in all phases of project development. Firstly, the evolution of the museum and its functions is analysed, taking into consideration the social and technological changes that have taken place in recent decades. This represents a new paradigm in the relationship between these cultural spaces and their audiences, mainly due to the irruption of social networks and participation techniques, which offer interesting possibilities at a didactic level. Furthermore, the research addresses the importance of considering human diversity: promoting facilities and discourses which are adapted to all audiences, regardless of their physicality, cognitive function as well as age, education or other conditioning factors. Considering these premises, the materialisation of museum design is addressed under the criteria of Design For All. This is then combined with the theoretical principles of graphic interpretation to ensure effective communication of discourse. Finally, due to the current climate crisis, the sustainable design and production of exhibitions is explored in depth by carrying out a rigorous theoretical study applied to this field. Based on innovative case studies and an exhaustive analysis of materials, the thesis proposes alternatives to traditional production and various creative solutions based on the reuse and circularity of materials. The academic contribution is completed with interviews with renowned professionals to delve into the challenges facing the future of Museography. From these three points of view or theoretical lines, far from conceiving a watertight method, the research suggests conceiving Museography Design as a continuous improvement process to promote significant, inclusive, and sustainable communication projects. / Lleonart García, M. (2023). Diseño y producción de exposiciones. Un acercamiento a la comunicación efectiva en museografía bajo parámetros de accesibilidad, inclusión y sostenibilidad [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/196014

Thesis (M.Ed. (Community and Continuing Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / This study is an exploration of the educational needs and assets of the visual impaired undergraduate students at a Rural-Based University in South Africa. The research question addressed is What are the educational needs and assets of the visual impaired Undergraduate students at a Rural-Based University in South Africa. The study is underpinned within the interpretivist paradigm. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilising a case study design. Data was collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews and observations. Analytic induction in which themes, patterns and categories emerged from the data was deemed appropriate. The study sample was composed of the Director of Reakgona Disability Centre, four the visual impaired undergraduate students from the three faculties of the University of Limpopo (Humanities, Management and Law, and Science and Agriculture), as well as four academic staff members teaching the sampled students. The total study sample comprised nine participants. The study has revealed the existence of a highly inflexible curriculum, lack of assistive devices, poor teaching and assessment strategies, untrained academic staff, poor support from the majority of academic staff members, poor support from a few of the peers with normal sight, difficulties during transition from secondary school to university, and limited library services that led to the marginalisation of the visual impaired undergraduate students. The study also found that the visual impaired undergraduate students possess the following educational assets: the availability of Reakgona Disability Centre, support from the majority of peers with normal sight, support from a few academic staff members, availability of associations and institutions that offer financial assistance to the visual impaired students, and the health clinic that provides health care. Based on the findings of the research some conclusions were drawn. Several recommendations are made to address the educational needs and assets of the visual impaired undergraduate students at a Rural-Based University in South Africa. Suggestions for future research are made to close the gap that exists in research on the education of students with visual impairments

Wie lassen sich Themen wie Nachhaltigkeit, Elektromobilität sowie Architektur der Gläsernen Manufaktur barrierefrei und in leicht verständlicher Sprache formulieren und darstellen? Für die Beantwortung dieser Frage ist die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung folgendermaßen gegliedert: Der Einleitung folgend befasst sich Kapitel 2 mit der Thematik der mündlichen Kommunikation. Das Ergebnis der Kommunikation entsteht durch das Zusammenwirken einzelner Dimensionen. Ein Bestandteil ist die Verständlichkeit der gesprochenen Sprache. Durch komplexe Formulierungen können in der Kommunikation Barrieren auftreten. Die Kommunikationsbarrieren lassen sich in verschiedene Arten unterteilen und werden im Kapitel vorgestellt. Die deutsche Standardsprache kann nicht von allen Menschen gleich erfasst werden. Es gibt Menschen, welche Probleme haben die Inhalte zu verstehen. Dies stellt ein Hindernis für die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe dar. Gründe dafür sind kognitive Einschränkungen oder geringe Deutschkenntnisse. Das Kapitel 3 stellt einen Überblick von Konzepten sprachlicher Vereinfachung dar, bei denen die Konzepte Leichte Sprache und Einfache Sprache erklärt und gegenübergestellt werden. In den letzten Jahren entstanden auch Konzepte der verständnisorientieren Sprache. Kapitel 4 stellt Konzepte, wie Klare Sprache, capito und VERSO vor. Alle haben zum Ziel, die deutsche Sprache leicht verständlich anzuwenden, um allen Menschen die Möglichkeit zu geben, an der Gesellschaft teilnehmen zu können. Im Kapitel 5 wird der Begriff Partizipative Forschung betrachtet. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Unternehmen VERSO Dresden gGmbH steht vor allem die gemeinsame Erarbeitung von Materialien mit der jeweiligen Zielgruppe im Vordergrund. Kapitel 6 und 7 weisen auf den Musealen Kontext sowie auf bestimmte Begriffe der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit hin. Die Gläserne Manufaktur bietet Besucher:innenführungen durch das Haus. Die Guides vertreten die Marke Volkswagen. Aus diesem Grund werden einige Begriffe im Kontext des Marketings behandelt. Vor allem die vier Marketing-Ps sind während der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit in der Gläsernen Manufaktur wichtig. Kapitel 8 bildet den praktischen Teil der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Ziel ist die Erarbeitung eines Besucherleitfadens in leicht verständlicher Sprache für die Gläserne Manufaktur der Volkswagen AG in Dresden in Zusammenarbeit mit Menschen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung und Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund. Die sprachliche Auseinandersetzung mit den Führungsthemen in leicht verständlicher Sprache wird durch das Unternehmen VERSO Dresden gGmbH unterstützt. Im praktischen Teil werden die einzelnen Arbeitsschritte betrachtet und vorgestellt. Dieser gliedert sich in die Erstellung eines Fragebogens, der Erarbeitung des leicht verständlichen Besucherleitfadens sowie der Auswertung der einzelnen Besucherführungen.:ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS I TABELLEN- UND ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS II 1. Einleitung 1 2. Sprache, Verständlichkeit und Kommunikationsbarrieren 4 3. Konzepte der sprachlichen Vereinfachung 8 3.1 Das Konzept Leichte Sprache 8 3.1.1 Allgemeine Informationen 8 3.1.2 Ziele, Funktionen und Merkmale der Leichten Sprache 9 3.1.3 Zielgruppe der Leichten Sprache 11 3.1.4 Kritische Aspekte der Leichten Sprache 13 3.2 Einfache Sprache 15 3.3 Vergleich Leichte Sprache und Einfache Sprache 16 3.4 Zwischenfazit: Eine exkludierende Inklusion? 17 4. Konzepte der Verständnisorientierten Sprache 19 4.1 Klare Sprache 19 4.2 capito 20 4.3 VERSO Dresden 20 5. Partizipative Forschung 22 6. Musealer Kontext 25 6.1 Kulturelle Orte 25 6.2 Besucher:innenführungen 25 6.3 Umgang mit leicht verständlichen Besucherführungen 26 6.4 Zwischenfazit 28 7. Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Marketing 29 7.1 Definition und Aufgaben des Marketingprozess 29 Vier Ps des Marketing Mix am Beispiel der Gläsernen Manufaktur 31 7.2 Content Marketing und Corporate Influencer 32 7.3 Zwischenfazit 33 8. Implementierung eines leicht verständlichen Besucherleitfadens 35 8.1 Projektvorstellung 35 8.1.1 Beschreibung und Begründung des Projekts 35 8.1.2 Ablauf des Projektes 35 8.1.3 Vorstellung der Gläsernen Manufaktur von Volkswagen 36 8.2 Vorbereitungen 38 8.2.1 Vorstellung des Fragebogens 38 8.2.2 Auswertung der Fragebögen 42 8.3 Vorstellung der Gruppen 52 8.4 Besucherleitfaden in leicht verständlicher Sprache 53 8.5 Aufbau des Auswertungsbogen 58 8.6 Reflexion der Führungen 59 8.6.1 Besucher:innenführung 09. August 2021 59 8.6.2 Besucher:innenführung 12. August 2021 61 8.6.3 Zwischenfazit 63 8.6.4 Besucher:innenführung 13. September 2021 64 8.6.5 Besucher:innenführung 15. September 2021 65 8.7 Erstellung des Handouts 66 9. Fazit und Ausblick 70 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 71 VERZEICHNIS DES ANHANGS 76 SELBSTSTÄNDIGKEITSERKLÄRUNG 125

The master´s thesis elaborates the project documentation for the construction of the District Police of the Czech Republic in Brno. The new building is situated in the north of city part Bohunice. It´s a three- floor object with partial basement and flat roof. The bearing perimeter masonry, internal bearing masonry and internal non- load bearing masonry are made with technology from ceramic hollow blocks. Ceiling construction is designed from prestressed ceiling panels. The perimeter walls of the of the underground floor are made from blocks of lost formwork, which is insulated with extruded polystyrene. The walls on the above- ground floors are insulated by a combination of contact thermal insulation system and ventilated facades with fiber- cement facade cladding boards.

Dans ce travail de thèse le processus d'information concernant un instant de défaut τ dans un modèle de risque de crédit est décrit par un pont brownien sur l'intervalle stochastique [0, τ]. Un tel processus de pont est caractérisé comme plus adapté dans la modélisation que le modèle classique considérant l'indicatrice I[0,τ]. Après l'étude des formules de Bayes associées, cette approche de modélisation de l'information concernant le temps de défaut est reliée avec d'autres informations sur le marché financier. Ceci est fait à l'aide de la théorie du grossissement de filtration, où la filtration générée par le processus d'information est élargie par la filtration de référence décrivant d'autres informations n'étant pas directement liées avec le défaut. Une attention particulière est consacrée à la classification du temps de défaut par rapport à la filtration minimale mais également à la filtration élargie. Des conditions suffisantes, sous lesquelles τ est totalement inaccessible, sont discutées, mais également un exemple est donné dans lequel τ évite les temps d'arrêt, est totalement inaccessible par rapport à la filtration minimale et prévisible par rapport à la filtration élargie. Enfin, des contrats financiers comme, par exemple, des obligations privée et des crédits default swaps, sont étudiés dans le contexte décrit ci-dessus. / In this PhD thesis the information process concerning a default time τ in a credit risk model is described by a Brownian bridge over the random time interval [0, τ]. Such a bridge process is characterised as to be a more adapted model than the classical one considering the indicator function I[0,τ]. After the study of related Bayes formulas, this approach of modelling information concerning the default time is related with other financial information. This is done with the help of the theory of enlargement of filtration, where the filtration generated by the information process is enlarged with a reference filtration modelling other information not directly associated with the default. A particular attention is paid to the classification of the default time with respect to the minimal filtration but also with respect to the enlarged filtration. Sufficient conditions under which τ is totally inaccessible are discussed, but also an example is given of a τ avoiding the stopping times of the reference filtration, which is totally inaccessible with respect to its own filtration and predictable with respect to the enlarged filtration. Finally, common financial contracts like defaultable bonds and credit default swaps are considered in the above described settings.