Syftet med föreliggande studie har varit att kartlägga och söka kunskap om vilka föreställningar om lärare som finns representerade inom intresse- och arbetsgivarorganisationen SKL så som de kommer till uttryck i deras utgivna texter, samt att försöka förstå dessa ur ett diskursanalytiskt maktperspektiv. Genom att genomföra en diskursanalys utifrån såväl Faircloughs som Laclau och Mouffes teorier kunde nodalpunkten utveckling identifieras, vilken sedan studerades utifrån vilken innebörd den gavs i förhållande till ett antal olika aktörskategorier kopplat till skolan. Diskursanalysen av det empiriska materialet visade ett bristperspektiv i förhållande till lärarna, framförallt kopplat till deras kompetens och att detta i sin tur leder till att lärarna fungerar som hinder för övriga skolaktörers utveckling i en positiv riktning. I förhållande till kommunerna identifierades snarare en position som möjliggörare. Genom att använda diskursiva genrer, representationer och stilar på olika sätt framstår SKL själva som en myndighet, med legitimitet och mandat att uttala sig om lärare och deras yrkesutövande. Studien avslutas med en diskussion rörande vad SKL och kommunerna kan ha att vinna på en diskurs som innebär att lärare är en hindrande kraft i behov av kompetensutveckling, medan kommunerna framstår som kompetenta möjliggörare och SKL som en myndighet med mandat att styra lärarna i en särskild riktning.

Våra attityder har stor betydelse för det kontrollkriminologiska fältets utseende och för de civil och straffrättsliga institutionernas funktion i vår samtid. Forumanvändarnas språkbruk är i den meningen ideologiskt och bidrar till att underbygga den rådande världsbilden. En världsbild som legitimerar etablerade maktförhållanden. Av denna anledning är medvetenhet om dominerande attityder betydelsefullt. En kritisk granskning av inläggen i Flashback Forum bidrar till att klargöra de sociala konsekvenserna av människors inställning till bidragsfusk. Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys granska forumanvändarnas attityder om grovt bidragsfusk i Flashback Forum mot bakgrund av nyliberala tankegångar. Detta innebär att texten analyseras i förhållande till det bredare sociala sammanhanget. Analysen visar att forumanvändarnas krav på mer förebyggande säkerhetsarbete i form av nya lagar och en förändrad tillämpning av existerande civil- och förvaltningsrättsliga lagar uttrycks i förhoppning om att på ett effektivare sätt hantera inbillade källor till skada - en nyliberal föreställning besatt av osäkerhet. Samtidigt resulterar denna process i en kriminalisering av alla människor i behov av stöd från det offentliga välfärdssystemet.

This thesis analyzes the way of presenting the catastrophe called Sandy in the Czech media. The motivation for choosing this topic was the ascertainment that the information about Sandy narrows only on the information about New York in spite of the fact, that this hurricane, sometimes called tropical storm or "superstorm" caused many injuries in the area of Cuba, Jamaica, the Bahamas and especially Haiti. The analysis is realized by force of critical discourse analysis of Norman Fairclough, because this method is appropriate especially for analysing mass media texts in the way of offering complex view from the level of social context, through the process of production to the language form of texts. Consequently, theoretical background comes from the methods and concepts of Norman Fairclough, from the definition of media discourse, which is oriented on new media, news and news values. The analysis is oriented on the most readable Czech online news and the on the news web pages of the Czech public service television and the Czech public service radio. The goal of this thesis is primarily the comparison between the way of reporting about the hurricane between the commercial and public service online news articles; revealing ideological and powerful aspects in the way of this reporting; and the...

This diploma thesis with the title The phenomenon of Karel Gott in Czech press during 1960s-1980s researches a media representation of Karel Gott. Media representation of the most popular singer of Czechoslovakia is in this thesis constructed based on the analysis of media contents of three contemporary printed serials during the years 1959-1989. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the area of cultural politics, it deals with specific attributes of popular music in Czechoslovakia and it also presents the identity of Karel Gott. This part of thesis also deals with the press production with focus on the censorship. The aim of this thesis is to compile the media representation of Karel Gott using the method of critical discourse analysis presented by Norman Fairclough. The analysis uses mentioned method to research contents regarding Karel Gott and published in contemporary printed media, such as the serial Mladý svět, Vlasta, Pionýrské noviny, Sedmička and also Sedmička pionýrů. The purpose of this research work is to find out if and in which ways was the media representation of Karel Gott helping to establish the dominant discourse. This thesis designates research questions, whereas the set of answers to three subordinate questions helps to construct the answer to the main question. The...

Children who migrate to Sweden are usually introduced to the Swedish school through some kind of introduction programme in their new community. This study examines the experiences of newly arrived children participating in school introduction in the early school years, as well as the experiences of the teachers and principals working with the programme. In the community in which this study is situated, newly arrived children participate in a special school unit where the goal is to map their experiences and skills from former education, and where the teaching of Swedish as a second language is seen as an important part of the introduction. Forty-two interviews (40 individual and 2 pairs) were conducted with principals, teachers and newly arrived children (ages appropriate for Years 2, 3, 4 and 5 in elementary school). Employing a social constructivist perspective, together with inspiration from Critical Discourse Analysis, the study aimed at outlining the discourses the participants draw on when speaking about the school introduction and how these discourses affect the participants’ positioning of themselves and other participants in the school practice. Fairclough’s theory of discourse (1992, 2001) provides an understanding of how participants experience being part of the school introduction as well as their own and other participants’ positions in the school practice due to ambient discourses. The results indicate that four discourses dominate the practice and affect the participants’ view of each other and themselves as well as their possibilities to impact the practice and their own situation as being a part of it. The four discourses that were identified are described as 1) the Swedish language as a key to success in school, 2) the adjustment of behaviour as a key to success in school, 3) the substantial immigration as a challenge, and 4) heed.

In this essay I perform readings of five influential literary works of the Modern Breakthrough in Nordic literature: Et dukkehjem (1879) by Henrik Ibsen, Niels Lyhne (1880) by Jens Peter Jacobsen, Barndomsvänner (1886) by Karl August Tavaststjerna, Fru Marianne (1887) by Victoria Benedictsson, and Ensam (1903) by August Strindberg. My aim is to identify and analyze discourses of loneliness and community. A central theme, both in this literature and in the contemporary society, is the problematization of gender roles. I find that the literature questions the polarization of gender roles through its depiction of marital relationships. At the same time, alternative communities are often portrayed as more fallible than those of marriage and nuclear family, forming discourses where marriage and nuclear family are prioritized over alternative communities – with a possible exception of national community. This paradoxical existence of modernity highlights the complexity of societal development: societal change requires not only political reforms but also change within subjects. The paradoxicality can be viewed as a manifestation of inner struggles. Finally, I reflect upon the endeavor to obtain entity that I find in these literary works. As connections between nature, culture and kinship, as well as between the past, the present and the future are formulated, issues of power/powerlessness and responsibility are brought into question. I propose further studies on these themes in relation to the emergence of nationalism, racial biology and fascism in 19th and 20th centuries, in order to deepen the understanding of the structure and the conditions of nationalism, racial biology and fascism in this context.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A perennial challenge facing public technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in South Africa is that the majority of staff, while technically qualified to do the work that forms the contents of what they teach, are either not professionally qualified educators, or are professionally qualified as educators in other educational sectors. For TVET lecturers, the development of their teaching skills, like their professional identity, relies primarily on informal development by line managers, other members of staff or themselves. This study examines how professionally underqualified lecturers employed at TVET colleges in the Western Cape develop their teaching skills, inter alia, by being mentored by managers, experienced members of staff or themselves by asking the question: in what ways do mentoring processes within a college contribute to the incorporation of staff into a college?. Flowing from the primary research question this study sought to identify the nature and forms of institutional level mentoring, as well as the related use of language and power. This study is framed within the critical paradigm, applying a methodological framework developed by Fairclough (2010) and a combination of methods of analysis. At a micro level a form of analysis designed by Fairclough (1989; 2001) is used. The results are classified by means of a Foucauldian-based methodological framework developed by Keevy (2005). Mentoring has become popular as a term to describe informal learning in a wide variety of settings, including business and education. As a result of the popularity of the term, publications on a wide array of aspects related to informal learning have been produced. Periodically, however, criticisms of mentoring have surfaced, which fundamentally challenge its standing as an academic discipline. Such critique prompted this research project: to question whether or not mentoring was, what Fairclough calls a social wrong. Challenging the assumption that mentoring is a social wrong forms a point of departure for this study. A broad analysis of literature about mentoring is presented with the aim of identifying what Foucault calls, its ethical substance. The established ethical substance of mentoring is extrapolated into a schema indicating various broad descriptions of mentoring. The broad descriptions are used in an analysis of mentoring practices in a professional work environment suited to the application of current mentoring practices, one in which has not yet been formally applied in staff induction programmes: namely, public technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges. In addition to challenging the assumption that mentoring is a social wrong, the study, significantly, the neo-liberal notion that mentees are passive recipients of knowledge. Findings from this study indicate, significantly, that new lecturers develop themselves as lecturers by unconsciously using mentoring methodologies, in the absence of formal mentoring programmes. In contrast to many international institutions, where mentoring programmes are mandatory, the lecturers interviewed in this study were not constrained by the managerialist ideology of neo-liberalism and were empowered by the mentoring with which they were involved. This study provides insights into how professional mentees learn, who they learn from and how they use what they have learnt in their own development, and how this contributes towards an understanding of the nature of adult learning in the workplace. Literature reviewed in this study includes a wide range of publications on the topic of mentoring, including education publications, business management publication and translations of the two original texts on the subject, namely Homer’s Odyssey and Fenelon’s Adventures of Telemachus. Key educational publications consulted include the translated works of Plato and Freire. Publications on social critique include the works of Fairclough and Foucault. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwessie rakende personeel wat tegnies gekwalifiseerd is om die werk, wat die vakinhoud van hulle lesings vorm, te doen, maar wat nie professionele onderwysopleiding het nie of in ander opvoedingsvelde gekwalifiseer is, is ’n uitdaging waarmee tegnies en beroepsgerigte onderwys en opleiding (TVET/TBOO) colleges voortdurend te kampe het. Hierdie dosente steun grotendeels op hulself, lyn bestuurders of ander personeellede om hulle onderwysvaardighede op ’n informele wyse te ontwikkel. Hierdie studie ondersoek die maniere waarop dosente met onvoldoende professionele kwalifikasies by (TVET/TBOO) colleges in die Wes-Kaap hulle eie vaardighede ontwikkel deur onder meer die mentorskap van bestuurders en ervare personeellede. Dit word gedoen aan die hand van die volgende vraag: “Op watter wyses dra prosesse van mentorskap binne ’n kollege by tot die inkoporering van personeel.” Hierdie studie poog om, na aanleiding van die primêre navorsingsvraag, die aard en vorm van mentorskap op die institusionele vlak te identifiseer sowel as die meegaande gebruik van taal en gesag. Hierdie studie is benader vanuit die kritiese paradigma met die toepassing van ’n metodologiese raamwerk soos ontwikkel deur Fairclough (2010) tesame met ’n kombinasie van analitiese metodes. ’n Metode van analise wat Fairclough (1989; 2001) ontwikkel het, is op ’n mikrovlak toegepas en die resultate is daarna geklassifiseer met Keevy (2005) se Foucault-gebasseerde metodologiese raamwerk. Mentorskap word wyd gebruik as ’n omvattende begrip om informele leer in diverse kontekste aan te dui. Dit sluit die sakewêreld en onderwys in. Die gewildheid van die begrip het ’n wye verskeidenheid publikasies betreffende informele leer tot gevolg gehad. Daar is egter deurentyd kritiek op mentorskap wat die fundamentele waarde daarvan bevraagteken. Dit is hierdie kritiek wat die navorser genoop het om te vra of mentorskap wel ’n “maatskaplike wandaad” is soos wat Fairclough dit noem. Die vertrekpunt van hierdie studie is die veronderstelling dat dit wel so is. ’n Oorsigtelike analise van literatuur betreffende mentorskap word voorgelê met die doel om dit wat Foucault die “etiese substans” noem, te identifiseer. Die bepaalde etiese substans van mentorskap word geëkstrapoleer tot ’n skema wat verskeie breë definisies van mentorskap aandui. Hierdie breë definisies word dan gebruik in ’n ontleding van mentorskap in ’n professionele werksomgewing, wat geskik is vir die toepassing van bestaande mentorpraktyke, maar waar dit nog nie formeel in personeelinduksieprogramme ingesluit is nie: naamlik (TVET/TBOO) colleges. Hierdie studie bevraagteken nie net die aanname dat mentorskap ’n maatskaplike wandaad is nie, maar ook die neo-liberale siening dat diegene wat gementor word die ontvangers van kennis is en dui daarop dat nuwe dosente hulself ontwikkel, weens ’n gebrek aan formele mentorprogramme, deur die onbewuste gebruik van mentormetodes. In teenstelling met baie internasionale instellings waar mentorprogramme verpligtend is, is die dosente met wie daar onderhoude gevoer is nie aan bande gelê deur neo-liberale bestuursideologieë nie en is bemagtig deur die mentorskap waarin hulle betrokke was. Die studie gee insigte in hoe professionele persone wat mentorskap ontvang, leer, van wie hulle leer, hoe hulle dit wat hulle leer in hulle eie ontwikkeling toepas en hoe dit bydra tot ’n begrip van die aard van volwasse leer in die werkplek. Die literatuur wat in hierdie studie geraadpleeg word, sluit ’n wye spektrum van publikasies oor die vakgebied van mentorskap in. Dit is onder meer onderwys- en sakebestuurpublikasies sowel as vertalings van twee oorspronklike geskrifte rakende die onderwerp, by name Homeros se Odusseia en Fénelon se Avonture van Telemachus. Die vertaalde werke van Plato en Freire is onder die opvoedkundige sleutelbronne wat geraadpleeg is en bronne oor maatskaplike kritiek sluit die werke van Fairclough en Foucault in.

Title: Values, Desirability and Ideology in CNN Travel -- a Discourse Analysis on Travel Stories Author: Emmi Laine Course: Journalistikvetenskap, Kandidatkurs, H13 J Kand (Bachelor of Journalism, Fall 2013), JMK, Stockholm University, Sweden Aim: The aim is to examine which values and ideologies CNN Travel fulfills in their stories. Method: Qualitative discourse analysis. Summary: This Bachelor ́s thesis asks what is desirable, which are the values of CNN Travel, the major U.S. news corporation CNN ́s online travel site. The question has been answered through a qualitative discourse analysis on 20 chosen travel stories, picked by their relevancy, diversity, and their expressive tone. Due to the limited space and the specific textual method, the analysis was restricted to the editorial texts of these stories. The chosen method was discourse analyst Norman Fairclough ́s model of evaluation, which revealed the explicit and implicit ways the media texts suggest desired characteristics. These linguistic devices took the readers ́ agreement for granted, as they imposed a shared cultural ground with common values, which is a base for a mutual understanding. After identifying the explicit and implicit evaluations, they were organized according to some major discursive themes found in the texts, and finally analyzed in order to expose their underlying values. The results showed how these certain values brought forth certain ideologies, to some extent in keeping with recent research of tourism and travel journalism. As the study has been put into a larger context of related research, the following pages will first explain some larger concepts of discourse analysis, such as representation, cultural stereotypes, ideology and power. A cross-section from older to more contemporary theories in culture studies has been utilized; moving from Edward Said ́s postcolonial classic Orientalism, an example of cultural stereotyping, to the more recent topics of ‘promotion culture’ and consumerism, and tourism researcher John Urry ́s ideas about the consumption of places and the ‘tourist gaze.’ In the end, the study considers what kind of power does travel journalism possess over the represented tourism destinations. Finally, when questioning the travel journalists ́ legitimacy and power to represent the travel destinations, poststructuralist Michel Foucault ́s theory about the ‘regime of truth,’ as well as Antonio Gramsci ́s ideas of ‘hegemony,’ theory of dominance through consent, were discussed and confirmed.

This is an interdiscliplinary qualitative study which uses an exploratory research design and builds on Fariclough's Critical Discourse Analysis methodology to analyze the discourses surrounding an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for livelihood development project in Jamaica, introduced by the United Nations Development Programme - the Jamaica Sustainable Development Networking Programme (JSDNP). The primary objective of this project is to provide the poor in Jamaican communities with access to, and training in ICTs. In this research, I specifically focus on the discourses surrounding the JSDNP Cybercentre Project for a group of microenterprise entrepreneurs in the Jamaican tourism industry to access the epistemological assumptions of this project. From the data collected it was found that at one level, the JSDNP Cybercentre Project encouraged specific ways of acting and organizing congruent with the configurations, processes and structures of corporate firms of industrialized countries, by representing the achievement of livelihood expansion through the use of specific ICTs in a particular way which excluded other discourses. The particular ways of acting and organizing promoted by the Cybercentre encouraged the use of non-indigenous technologies, undervalued indigenous technologies and excluded the indigenization of non-indigenous technologies. These discourses were incompatible with the operational and structural configurations of trans-temporal poor entrepretrepreneurs interviewed and were more favourable to the non-poor and spatio-temporal ones. One of the wider implications of the discourse therefore was that they play a fundamental role in perpetuating entrenched inequalities through the preservation of social practices, along with their associated systems and structures. It was also found that these modalities limited the operational processes of all microenterprise entrepreneurs who were exposed to the Cybercentre Project. These entrepreneurs have limited control over the configuration of non-indigenous technologies; their technological and creative capabilities are restricted; their ability to indigenize non-indigenous technologies impaired; and they are highly dependent on non-indigenous technologies (which themselves have a number of limitations).

Uppsatsen undersöker diskurs kring det postmoderna byggnadskomplexet Bofills båge på Södermalm i Stockholm, som uppfördes mellan 1989 och 1992. Med utgångspunkt i teorier om kritisk diskursanalys undersöks utsagor i tre artiklar och ett TV-inslag som behandlar projektet, samt det sammanhang som utsagorna och projektet befann sig i. Allmän teoretisk utgångspunkt är Michel Foucaults iakttagelser kring diskurs. Thomas A. Markus och Deborah Camerons tillämpning för arkitekturdomänen av Norman Faircloughs teorier om kritisk diskursanalys är teoretiskt och metodologiskt ramverk för undersökningen. Uppsatsen undersöker i ett inledande kapitel sammanhanget ur både ett allmänt internationellt och specifikt svenskt perspektiv. I följande kapitel undersöks utsagor i de tre artiklarna och TV-inslaget. Artiklarna och TV-inslaget undersöks var och en till form och innehåll och med bakgrund i sammanhanget. En avslutande diskussion sammanfattar och diskuterar tidigare kapitel, samt relaterar utsagorna till varandra och till sammanhanget. Det förs en diskussion om den modernistiska arkitekturvokabulärens, den svenska traditionens och det politiska perspektivets betydelse för det sammanhang utsagorna befann sig i.