Problemformulering och syfte: Medan vissa kriser har ett snabbt förlopp, har coronapandemin varit en utdragen kris med både lugnare och intensivare perioder. Medan tidigare forskning om krisjournalistik ofta gestaltat mer avgränsade perioder, som exempelvis skolattacken i Trollhättan ger pandemin en möjlighet att jämföra och analysera gestaltning av en kris under olika perioder. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur lokalmedia i Västernorrland har rapporterat om Covid-19under två olika tidsperioder.Metod och material: Kvantitativ innehållsanalys av 163 artiklar från de tre lokala tidningarna i Västernorrland. Sundsvalls Tidning, Tidningen Ångermanland och Örnsköldsviks Allehanda. Huvudresultat: Sammantaget kan vi konstatera att rapporteringen handlar främst om hantering och smittspridning av Covid-19 samt att personer med chefsposition har större utrymme att få uttala sig i lokalmedia än den vanliga befolkningen. Resultatet visar även på att rapporteringen gällande konfliktgestaltning, mänskligt intressegestaltning och ansvarsgestaltning mellan de olika tidsperioderna var enhetlig. Samt att rapporteringen från den första perioden överlägset hade en episodisk gestaltning. Under den andra perioden när pandemin etablerat sig i Sverige minskade den episodiska gestaltningen och övergick mer till en tematisk gestaltning.

This essay is a qualitative study on the tv series Chernobyl and examines how Soviet is portrayed through the character of Boris Shcherbina and the environment in which the series takes place. For many, the series is a first acquaintance with the nuclear accident and Soviet in the 80’s. Due to the fact that Soviet was a relatively closed society, series like this can have a wider effect than usual, since there haven't been many other sources of information available. The study examines material regarding a historical event that had a global influence. The historical context of the cold war and previous stereotypical portrayals of Soviet makes for an interesting backdrop as the study examines what is being communicated about Soviet through the visuals. By conducting a semiotic analysis on selected scenes and thereafter using Robert Entman’s framing theory to analyze the empirical material this study has found that the series portrays Soviet negatively. Soviet is framed as a controlling and somewhat claustrophobic state, where persecution and inspection seem common. It is further portrayed as a state one does not question or go against, and the citizens seem to lack independence in relation to the state. The communist society is depicted as very hierarchical, with highly regarded leaders, such as Shcherbina, and with citizens living in simplicity and facing oppression. The environments in the series are often grey, dark and gloomy, which contributes to the portrayal of Soviet as a somber state.

This essay sheds light on the protest events in connection with the Davis-Cup matches in Båstad in 1968 and 1975. They are relatively close in time, touch on the same sports competition, similar issues, engage largely the same group of protesters and were the subject of enormous media interest. When looking at the events in Båstad in a retrospective light, the event in 1968 is reflected much more strongly than the event in 1975, in this essay this imbalance will be examined in more detail. The main purpose of the essay is to, based on articles in Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter, comparatively investigate how these newspapers may have shaped the historical image of the events in connection with the Davis Cup matches in Båstad in 1968 and 1975. The theoretical framework is based on framing theory, which shows how media's representations of reality affect people's perceptions, how media, in some ways but not others, reproduces and disseminates different power centers’. The choice of the theoretical framework rests on the thesis that the newspapers' depiction of the events created a historical picture of them. The newspapers visualize the reality according to preferences that they find to be rewarding now. The essay's methodological starting point is both quantitative and qualitative as it consists of a conventional content analysis on the one hand and is inspired by a quantitative four-step model that is connected to the framing theory on the other. The results show that the framings of the newspapers can be linked to the different course of events of the protests, as well as the modernization of social institutions, in particular sports. In 1968, the white sport was still white, but the events in Båstad nullified the possibility of seriously claiming that sports and politics did not influence each other. The similar framings of the newspapers in 1975 also show how far the abolition of authority had come. Sport was opened to the world and to politics, modernized and democratized and is today more democratically governed than before.

Problemformulering och syfte Personliga varumärken blir en allt vanligare företeelse, men var händer när ett personlig varumärke står inför en krissituation? Syftet med studien är att tillföra nya kunskaper till området genom att undersöka hur ett personligt varumärkes narrativ i rörlig bild kan användas i hanteringen av en förtroendekrissituation. Metod och material Materialet som analyserades var dokumentärserien My Flip Side om Isabella Löwegrips tid efter en förtroendekris. Studien utfördes genom en narrativ analys med analysverktyget aktantmodellen. Ett frågeschema togs fram utifrån aktantmodellen och frågeställningar. Huvudresultat I den narrativa analysen av materialet har ett resultat sammanställts där det går att konstatera hur Löwengrip strävar mot två tydliga mål genom två olika sidor av sig själv. Den specifika förtroendekrisens existens har cirkulerat i dokumentärserien och påverkat de olika sidorna hos Löwengrip på olika sätt vilket skapar ett narrativ som börjar med en polerad Isabella Löwengrip som under seriens gång visar en alltmer sårbar sida. Löwengrip besvarar krisen genom att beskylla media, barndomstrauman och genom att presentera en ny version av sig själv. Den nya sidan delas dock med den Löwengrip som allmänheten tidigare känner. Dessa två sidor brottas om kampen att nå sina mål där budskapen framkommer i olika former.

The Swedish independent research institute V-Dem, which measures democracy around the world, declared in their most recent report on the issue that India was no longer classified as a democracy, but an electoral autocracy. Amongst other things, V-Dem draws the conclusion that the election of the Hindu nationalist leader Narendra Modi in 2014 has been a strong contributor to the decline in democracy in India. At the same time, The U.S. Department of State declares that the U.S.-India partnership is founded on a shared commitment to freedom and democratic principles. With India as a close ally, friction could arise. This thesis aims to explore how India is portrayed in American media, to get a broader understanding of how Americans view India and Narendra Modi. Many scholars believe policy is based on people’s opinions, and people’s opinions are largely based on how the media portrays certain issues. The author also draws a comparison between American right-leaning media outlets and left-leaning media outlets to examine if there are any differences regarding the depiction of India between them. By performing a quantitative content analysis, the author aims to examine how American media portrays India, its leaders, and democracy. The layout of the study is based on exanimating 175 published articles about India and coding them via a codebook designed to measure democratic values and the depiction of Narendra Modi, his government, and party BJP. The findings suggest that when democratic values are depicted in articles about India, it is mostly in negative terms. On the other hand, the portrayal of Narendra Modi, his government, and his party are more balanced. The findings also suggest that right-leaning and left-leaning media have a very similar way of portraying India, its democracy, and Narendra Modi.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how one of Sweden’s most beloved music magazines portrays female artists. The study also aims to study whether the magazine has depicted the female artists in the same way or whether the portrayal is different depending on the artist’s skin color.  Studies have shown that black female artists are commonly underrepresented in media of different kinds, and only several studies have studied how black female artists are portrayed in music magazines. Studies also show that black women in general, are portrayed negatively and stereotypically in the media. It is interesting to examine if the music magazine has depicted the female artists in various ways depending on the color of their skin.  To go deeper in the study a thematic analysis was used to answer the aim of this study. The study analyzed fourteen articles, where a black female artist and a white female artist was the main subject of the article. The result shows that the music magazine portrays female artists in a similar way, however, it also depicted black artists differently. For instance, the black female artist is portrayed as being more personal in questions considering her family and is more likely to open up about her personal life and experiences, whereas the white female artist was more closed off and only mentioned her personal life briefly. A similarity between how the magazine portrayed the female artists was that both were depicted as emotional and used their feelings as inspiration to music.

Equality is a well discussed topic and equality work is integrated in todays society, both within journalism and sports. Equestrian sports is a gender integrated sport which means that women and men compete against each other under the same circumstances and rules. However, previous research shows that this doesn’t lead to equal circumstances. The purpose of the survey is to get an insight of equality within journalism about equestrian sports using framing theory during the Olympic games in Tokyo 2021. The essay analyses different types of magazines in Swedish news media. The evening papers Aftonbladet and Expressen as well as the equestrian magazine Hippson to examine the differences in framing and news reporting. In addition to framing of genders and differences in newspapers the essay also examines how framing and reporting differ depending on the gender of the journalist.  The chosen theories are framing theory, feminism and intersectionality. The theories have a distinct connection to the previous research presented and focuses alot on inadequacies and possibilities for equality. Our essay is a quantitative content analysis of a total selection of articles from the newspapers with a time frame between July 23rd, the start of the Olympic games to the first of October. The statistics are produced through the program SPSS.  The compiled material showed that media reporting about equestrian sports is relatively equal. Men and women share almost equal space but some aspects differ between the genders. Our results do not match previous researchers' results who show more signs of inequality.  However, our result match with previous research in that there is room for improvement where inequality still exists. The results show differences in framing of the genders within the different papers. Magazines tend to be more transparent in their articles and wont voice their standpoint while evening papers focus more on sensations and interesting aspects. This lines up with previous research about differences between newspapers. The essay found that there was a distinct female dominance in the field of journalists who write about equestrian sports, which stands out compared to the gender distribution otherwise between journalists. The conclusion is that the field of journalism about equestrian sports is more equal than others but there is still room for improvement. This may be due to improvements in equality over time but also due to the female dominance amongst journalists. / Jämställdhet är något som diskuteras och arbetas med mycket i dagens samhälle, såväl inom journalistik som sport. Ridsport är en könsintegrerad sport, vilket innebär att män och kvinnor tävlar mot varandra under samma villkor och regler, dock visar tidigare forskning att det här inte leder till jämställda förhållanden. Syftet med undersökningen är därav att få en bild av hur jämställdheten ser ut inom ridsportsjournalistiken utifrån gestaltningar under OS i Tokyo 2021. Undersökningen utgår ifrån olika tidningstyper i svensk nyhetsmedia. Dels kvällstidningarna Aftonbladet och Expressen och dels ridsportsmagasinet Hippson för att undersöka skillnader i gestaltning och rapportering. Utöver gestaltningen överlag och skillnader mellan tidningarna undersöker också studien om gestaltningar och rapportering skiljer sig beroende på om det är en manlig eller kvinnlig journalist.  Valda teorier för undersökningen är gestaltningsteorin, feminism och intersektionalitet. Teorierna går tydligt att koppla till den tidigare forskningen som presenteras och fokuserar mycket på jämställdhetens brister och möjligheter. Undersökningen är en kvantitativ innehållsanalys som utgår ifrån ett totalurval av artiklarna publicerade i tidningarna under OS från starten 23 juli till 1 oktober. Statistiken är framtagen genom programmet SPSS.  Det sammanställda materialet visade att medierapporteringen om ridsporten är relativt jämställd. Kvinnor och män får i stort sett lika stort utrymme men vissa aspekter skiljer dem åt. Vårt resultat stämmer inte överens med tidigare forskning då tidigare resultat visat på mer ojämställda förhållanden. Däremot är vårt resultat i linje med tidigare forskning, det förbättringsområden där ojämställdheten fortfarande finns kvar. Magasin skriver mer transparenta artiklar utan ställningstagande medan kvällstidningar fokuserar mer på sensationer och intresseväckande vinklar. Det här stämmer överens med tidigare forskning om skillnader mellan tidningstyper. Studien kom även fram till att det finns en tydlig dominans inom ridsportsjournalistik av kvinnliga journalister, vilket sticker ut jämfört med fördelningen inom övrig journalistik. Slutsaten av undersökningen är att fältet är mer jämställd än andra inom journalistik men att det fortfarande finns förbättringsområden. Det här kan bland annat bero på att jämställdheten har utvecklats över tiden men även på grund av den kvinnliga dominansen bland journalisterna.

The differential framing of societal concerns within news articles influences the decision makingof the readers which in turn has consequences on a social scale. In light of this it should bedeemed important to analyse how vaccines are portrayed in news articles and that is the purposeof this study. A qualitative content analysis was carried through by comparing how vaccineswere portrayed in news articles in two Swedish news outlets during two largely similar events,namely the swine flu pandemic and the covid-19 pandemic. This was concretized into fourresearch questions which were: ● How does DN and Aftonbladet frame the vaccine against H1N1 before and inconjunction to the launch of Pandemrix? ● How does DN and Aftonbladet frame vaccines against Covid- 19 before and inconjunction to the launch of the vaccines against Covid-19? ● What differences are there between the two vaccination campaigns? ● Are there references to Pandemrix and its vaccination campaign in the reportingof the Covid- 19 vaccines? To answer these questions, framing theory was used to analyse the articles and the termintertextuality was implemented within the theoretical framework to broaden the analytical depthand help explain the use of references during the covid-19 reporting. The used method entails anabductive approach where coding and thematization was based not only on framing theory butalso on empiricism, i.e. open ended. The results showed there are major differences in terms of what was the focal point during thetwo campaigns. During the swine flu most of the articles dealt with logistical concerns as well asthe wary of costs in regards to the vaccine, whereas during the covid- 19 pandemic most articlesdealt with questions relating to possible side effects and the manufacturing process of thevaccines. References to Pandemrix and its consequences was found in 25% of the articlesanalyzed during the covid-19 reporting. Both campaigns however, stressed the importance oftaking the vaccine.

Denna studie undersöker hur Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet rapporterade om subsahariska länder i Afrika under 2009 och 2019 och huruvida den svenska mediebilden av de 48 länderna söder om Sahara har förändrats över tid. Denna uppsats använder en kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka hur mediebilden av subsahariska länder ser ut i de valda morgontidningarna. Vi undersökte om det finns någon skillnad mellan de olika tidpunkterna om vilka länder och teman som respektive tidning lyfte samt vilka aktörer som oftast valts som intervjupersoner och om det oftast är män eller kvinnor som kommer till tals.  Det teoretiska ramverket är byggt på teorier om gestaltning, nyhetsvärdering samt global journalistik. Resultatet av den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen visar att DN och SvD:s mediebild om subsahariska länder varken har blivit mer positiv eller negativ över tid. Rapporteringen har ökat om klimat och livsstil och minskat om humanitär kris. Sydafrika var det mest förekommande landet i båda tidningarna under både 2009 och 2019. Våra resultat visar att de teman som är de mest förekommande samtliga år och i båda tidningarna är politik och sociala frågor. Inom temat sociala frågor fokuserade båda tidningarna mest på subkategorierna sjukdom och kriminalitet. En positiv utveckling som vi har sett är att i båda tidningarna har antalet kvinnor som intervjuperson ökat. De mest förekommande aktörerna i båda tidningarna 2009 och 2019 var politiker, privatpersoner, organisationer och experter.

Abstract The study examines how the two Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet wrote about England, Germany and Russia during World War One. The study examines the two newspapers’ changed view of the three countries during the course of the war. Furthermore there is a compararition between what the two newspapers wrote. The study is a qualitative and comparative analysis based on material from Dagens Nyheters and Svenska Dagbladets editorial pages. The method that has been used is a qualitative content analysis and a comparative method. Framing theory is used as the study's theoretical ground. The result of the study shows that Dagens Nyheter had a neutral and positive framing of England, a negative and neutral framing of Germany and a mostly negative framing of Germany. Svenska Dagbladet had a mostly negative framing of England, a positive framing of Germany and a negative framing of Russia.