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Denna studie handlar om styrning och ledning i Karlstad kommun. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur New Public Management och Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning kan bidra till en förståelse för den centralt kommunicerade styrningen och ledningen. Den övergripande problemställningen som besvaras i studien är Vilka dominerande inslag av Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning samt New Public Management återfinns i den centralt kommunicerade styrningen och ledningen av Karlstads kommun? Frågeställningen besvaras med en idéanalys. Två styrningstrender används som idealtyper för att utforska det empiriska materialet som består av styrdokument och intervjuer med tjänstemän inom kommunledningen. De två trender som utgör teoretisk grund är New Public Management och Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Studiens relevans ligger i den svenska regeringens pågående arbete med att förändra hela styrkedjan inom den offentliga sektorn, från New Public management till Tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Den övergripande problembilden baseras på antagandet att vissa centrala delar i New Public Management har lett till en oproportionerlig ökning av administrativa arbetsuppgifter, vilket i slutändan lett till en ineffektiv användning av de offentliga resurserna. Genom att undersöka befintlig styrning och ledning i en svensk kommun idag får vi en bättre nulägesbild av vilka områden som, mer eller mindre uttryckligen, präglas av de två trenderna. Således kan de båda trenderna sägas representera det gamla och det nya då regeringens ambition är att ersätta delar av den ena med den andra. Resultatet av studien visar att genom att se på olika områden är det möjligt att lokalisera element från de två trenderna i varierande utsträckning. De båda trenderna var för sig är dock inte tillräckliga för att skapa sig en rättvis bild av den centrala styrningen och ledningen i Karlstad kommun. Tillsammans bildar de vad som bäst beskrivas som en hybridmodell. / This paper is about governance and management in the municipality of Karlstad. The study aims to explore how New Public Management and Trust based governance and management can contribute to an understanding of the centrally communicated governance and management. The main question that is to be answered in this paper is What dominant elements of Trust based governance and management as well as New Public Management can be found in the centrally communicated governance and management of the municipality of Karlstad? The question is answered by an idea analysis. Two management trends are being used to explore the empirical material that consists of steering documents and interviews with representatives of the municipal management. The two trends that are used as theoretical base and ideal types for this study are New Public Management and Trust based governance and management. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Swedish government has a work in progress on changing the course of the governance throughout the public sector, from New Public Management to Trust based governance and leadership. The overall problem scenario is based on the assumption that some of the central elements of New Public Management has led to an disproportionate increase in administration, which in the end has led to a non- efficient usage of the public resources. By examining the existing governance and management in a Swedish municipality today we get a better situation image of which areas that are, more or less explicitly stated, characterized by the two trends. Thus both trends can be said to represent the old and the new as the government's ambition is to replace parts of one with the other. The result of the study shows that by looking at different areas you are able to locate the two trends in varying extent. The trends by themselves are not enough to get a clear image of the governance and management in Karlstad, yet together they form what is best described as a hybrid model.

Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap om lärares, special­pedagogers, rektorers och förvaltningsledningens erfarenheter och upplevelser om förbättrings­insatsen specialpedagogik för lärande (SFL) och dess inverkan på förbättringsarbetet i en kommun, på såväl skol­enheter som i kommunen i stort. SFL är en kollegial kompetens­utvecklingsinsats med syfte att höja lärares kompetens inom specialpedagogik. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och fokusgrupper har använts som metod. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån Illeris teori om de tre lärandedimensionerna. Resultatet pekar på att specialpedagogik för lärande är en form av kollegialt lärande som i många delar upplevs fungera bra för lärares lärande, men som behöver anpassas tidsmässigt för att inte upplevas alltför intensiv. Den specialpedagogiska kompetensen upplevs ha höjts på samtliga kommunens enheter sedan SFL genomfördes. Eleverna har  efter insatsen överlag fått tillgång till fler generella och individuella anpassningar och har blivit mer delaktiga i processer kring sin egen undervisning. Det finns samtidigt lärare som ännu inte fullt ut ger sina elever dessa möjligheter. Kommunens specialpedagoger har kompetens inom skolutveckling som inte alltid nyttjas. Om de får större mandat från rektor så kan de ta ett större ansvar för att tillsammans med denne leda skolförbättringsinsatser och skolutveckling, eventuellt genom att bli en del av skolornas ledningsgrupper. För att nå ännu längre i en kommande förbättringsinsats skulle det vara bra om förvaltningsledningen tog ett större övergripande ansvar för implementering och lik­värdighet i kommunen samt att rektorer tog ett större ansvar för att följa upp arbetet i grupperna genom direkt medverkan eller genom nära samverkan med handledare av grupperna, s.k. distribuerat ledarskap. Rektors första fokus bör vara undervisningens kvalitet. / The aim of the following paper is to contribute to the understanding of experiences had by teachers, special educators, principals and administrative management, with regards to the Special education for learning (SFL) scheme’s impact and stimulus on a municipality’s school improvement initiatives, in specific schools as well as the muni­cipality as a whole. SFL is a collegial competence development initiative with the aim of raising teachers' competence in special education.  The study has a qualitative approach and focus groups have been used as a method. The results have been analysed on the basis of Illeri's theory of the three dimensions of learning. Results indicate that special education for learning is a form of collegial learning that is largely perceived to work well for teachers' learning, but which needs to be ad­justed timewise to avoid being too rigorous. Competence around special education peda­gogy is considered increased at every school in the district since the implementation of SFL. After the intervention, the students have generally gained access to more general and individual adaptations and have become more involved in processes around their own teaching. At the same time, there are teachers who do not yet fully give their students these opportunities. Special educators in the municipality have expertise in the field of school development which is, to some extent, untapped. With increased mandate from the principal, special educators could shoulder more of the responsibility for school improvement and development initiatives, possibly through becoming part of the school’s management team.  In order to reach even further in a future improvement effort, it would be positive  for the administration management to take a greater overall responsibility for implementation and equality  in the district, as well as principals taking greater responsibility for following up on the work conducted in the groups, either through direct participation, or close collaboration with supervisors of the groups, so-called distributed leadership. The principal's first focus should be the quality of teaching.

Syftet med den här studien är att utforska initiativ som ökar kundnöjdheten i en kommunal verksamhet. En kommun, Helsingborg, som lyckats väl i att utveckla en hög kundnöjdhet i den nationella undersökningen Nöjd Kund Index inom myndighetsområdet bygglov har studerats. Studien har bedrivits utifrån tre forskningsfrågor: (1) Vilka initiativ har gjorts för att öka kundnöjdheten i NKI-undersökningen med avsikt att höja resultatet i den övergripande mätningen samt inom de underliggande bedömningsområdena?; (2) Utifrån tagna initiativ, vilka hörnstenar för offensiv kvalitetsutveckling har varit mest använda?; (3) Vilka övriga effekter kan en verksamhet uppnå genom att jobba med ett utvecklingsarbete i syfte med att öka kundnöjdheten i NKI-undersökningen?Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ metod med djupintervjuer som gjordes i Helsingborg men även i en annan kommun, Borås, som användes som referensobjekt.Studiens resultat visar på ett stort antal initiativ som kan tas för att öka kundnöjdheten. Studien bekräftar också tidigare belägg för vad som driver resultat och visar på en rad positiva effekter som ett utvecklingsarbete kan ha på verksamheter. Studien visar även att värderingarna för offensiv kvalitetsutveckling i hörnstensmodellen är väl förenliga med Tillitsbaserad Styrning och Ledning, TSL och visar att resultat som TSL åstadkommit i statliga verksamheter även är giltiga på kommunal nivå. / The purpose of this study is to explore initiatives that increase customer satisfaction within a municipality. One municipality, Helsingborg, which has succeeded in increasing customer satisfaction in the area of building permits in the national survey Satisfied Customer Index, SCI, has been studied. Three research questions have informed the study: (1) What initiatives have been introduced to increase customer satisfaction in the SCI survey, with the intention of improving results both in the overall survey and in the underlying assessment areas? (2) Based on the initiatives introduced, which cornerstones for offensive quality development have been most widely used?; (3) What other outcomes can an organisation achieve through development work aimed at increasing customer satisfaction in the SCI survey?The study applies a qualitative method with in-depth interviews conducted in Helsingborg, as well as in another municipality, Borås, which serves here as a point of comparison.The study’s result indicates a number of initiatives that can be introduced to increase customer satisfaction. The study also confirms previous evidence of what drives results and shows a number of positive effects that development work can have on organisations. The study also demonstrates that the values for Total Quality Management are compatible with Trust Based Governance and Management, and that previous results for the latter on the national level are also valid at municipal levels. / <p>2020-06-26</p>

Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om rektors styrning och ledning när hen organiserar samarbetet mellan fritidshemmet och grundskolan. Frågor som ställs fokuserar hur frirum nyttjas och hur korstryck hanteras.  Tidigare studier visar att rektors styrning och ledning, liksom undervisningens kvalitet, behöver utvecklas. Samarbete mellan fritidshemmets och grundskolans personal sker i låg grad och kopplingen mellan lärtillfällen är svag. Denna kvalitativa studie använde Frirumsteorin som teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyg. Teorin utgår från konflikten mellan formella och informella styrnings- och ledningsmekanismer. Empiriskt material inhämtades via observationer och frågeformulär. Analysen gjordes utifrån kriterierna för kontinuumet uniprofessionell – multiprofessionell inom den professionella sfären samt kontinuumet differentierad – integrerad inom den byråkratiska/administrativa sfären. Resultatet visar att frirummet begränsades av yttre händelser och ett beroende av externt stöd. Ett ökat korstryck uppstod. Kulturen i skolornas ledningsgrupper beskrivs som integrerad och mestadels multiprofessionell. Avseende Coronapandemins påverkan syns inslag av uniprofessionalism. En slutsats är att en helhetssyn är mer framgångsrik för att rektorer ska lyckas organisera för samarbete och kompletterande undervisning. Vid förändringar, torde en integrerad skolkultur präglad av multiprofessionalism vara mest gynnsam. Studien uppmärksammar styrnings- och ledningsperspektivet; rektors roll för måluppfyllelsen i fritidshemmet, samt prövar en kartläggningsmetod med tillhörande begreppsapparat, vilka är teoretiskt och vetenskapligt förankrade i Frirumsteorin. / The purpose of this thesis is to add knowledge about the headteacher´s governance and management when organizing the collaboration between Leisure-time Centre and compulsory school. Questions asked focused on how Scope for Action and conflicting pressure is met by headteachers. Previous studies show that the headteacher's governance and management, as well as the quality of teaching, need improvement. Collaboration between staff in Leisure-time Centre and the school takes place to a low degree and the connection between learning opportunities is weak. This qualitative study used the Scope for Action Theory as a theoretical starting point and analysis tool. The theory is based on the conflict between formal and informal mechanisms of governance and management. Data was gathered from observations and questionnaires. Analysis was made on basis of the criteria for the continuum uniprofessional - multiprofessional within the Professional Sphere and the continuum differentiated - integrated within the Bureaucratic/administrative sphere. The result shows that Scope for Action was limited by external events and an increase of dependence on external support. Conflicting pressure increased. The culture in the management groups is described as integrated and mostly multiprofessional. Regarding the influence of the Corona pandemic, elements of uniprofessionalism are shown. One conclusion is that a holistic approach is more successful for headteachers to succeed in organizing for collaboration and complementary teaching. In the face of change, an integrated culture characterized by multi-professionalism is likely to be most favorable. The study draws attention to the governance and management perspective; the headteacher's role for attainment of goals in Leisure-time Center as well as testing a mapping method with a conceptual framework, which is theoretically and scientifically anchored in the Scope for Action Theory.

Media är en av de aktörer som drivit på debatten kring tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning. Efter Tillitsdelegationens slutbetänkande har debatten fortsatt i media. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka medias roll i konstruktionen av diskursen kring tillitsbaserad styrning och ledning, samt undersöka hur diskursen konstrueras. Genom att undersöka medias roll i konstruktionen av diskursen, vill vi bidra till forskningen om hur media är med och organiserar förändringen av offentlig sektors styrfilosofi. För att besvara uppsatsen frågeställning har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod och textanalys. För att förstå diskursen kring tillit utgår studien från de teoretiska infallsvinklarna: konstruktivism och organisering, förändring, motstånd och uppslutning, samt sensemaking och översättning. I uppsatsen identifieras det två olika diskurser kring tillit, kopplat till styrning och ledning, den ifrågasättande och den förklarande diskursen. Kring tillitdiskursen finns det ett handlingsnät, där media är en viktig aktör med en betydande makt, eftersom media är de som bestämmer vem som får komma till tals. Tillitsdiskursen som drivs i media är med och skapar en reform av offentlig sektors styrfilosofi. / The media is one of the actors who has given a platform for the debate about trust-based governance and management, and the debate in the media has continued after Tillitsdelegationens decision report. The purpose of this study is to examine the media's role in the construction of the discourse around trust-based governance and management, as well as to examine how the discourse is constructed. By examining the media's role in the construction of the discourse, we hope to contribute to the ongoing research on how the media is involved with organizing the change in the public sector's management philosophy. We have used a qualitative method and text analysis, to collect data and evidence to support our hypothesis. The study is based on the theoretical approaches: constructivism and organization, change, resistance and support, as well as sensemaking and translation. In the thesis there are two discourses identified, the questioning and the explanatory discourse. The trust-based discourse is built around an actor-network, whereby the media is a powerful actor, because the media decides who gets to speak.The trust-based discourse that is driven in the media is helping to create a reform of the public sector's management philosophy.

This thesis examines first-line managers' perceptions about their organizational prerequisites for trust-based governance and management through a case study within the municipality of Norrköping, focusing on the public home care organization. A qualitative research design was used in the thesis based on first-line managers perceptions of the organizational prerequisites for an ideal trust-based governance and management. The material has been analyzed through an ideal-type analysis based on central elements within the governing principles of market, bureaucracy, and trust. An overall picture gives the impression that the organizational prerequisites primarily is perceived as being well-functioning for the ideal of trust-based governance and management. It is also considered that certain organizational prerequisites are less well-functioning for the ideal. Furthermore, the thesis indicates certain organizational prerequisites which are seen as central to the ideal. This thesis provides some empirical evidence that a balance between the governing principles of market, bureaucracy, and trust is perceived as essential to achieve the ideal of trust-based governance and management in the given context. At the same time, the thesis indicates that a greater emphasis on trust as a governing principle is perceived as desirable to achieve the optimal balance for the ideal in the given context. In addition, the study depicts that there is some path dependence that affects the view of the organizational prerequisites for an ideal trust-based governance and management in the managerial role. This means that a legacy of market-inspired and bureaucratic instruments is perceived to prevent the trust-based management philosophy from having a greater impact on the organization.

The aim of this study was to investigate the management of the function shift of Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges at the Department of Higher Education and Training. When the function shift of TVET Colleges took place, it provided an opportunity to research a phenomenon and obtain data that were not previously researched, as this was the first ever function shift or migration of colleges from the Department of Basic Education to the Department of Higher Education and Training. As such, this research not only explores a new phenomenon but also contributes to the body of knowledge regarding TVET in South Africa. This research was conducted at a TVET College in Newcastle, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa. A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted. The instruments for collecting data were individual and focus group interviews. Field notes were compiled during the various interviews, as deemed necessary by the researcher. All interviews were recorded digitally. The said digital recordings were transcribed and emanating themes were identified. Managers were selected as the interviewees. As this research was based on the management of the function shift, they were the most appropriate choice. A sample of staff was also interviewed, as two separate focus groups, to balance the scope and extent of the data, thus attempting to not only view the managerial paradigm as the sole reality. Findings made from the data were that the function shift was preceded by a previous migration of staff. That migration, however, saw colleges remaining in the same educational stream or level namely that of basic education. The staff at colleges, or technical colleges as they were called at the time, were previously employed by the State. This changed when the State created governing bodies for colleges or college councils, as they are known. Technical Colleges were then renamed Further Education and Training Colleges. These colleges were reporting to the Department of Education which saw a name change to the Department of Basic Education, as explained above. Employees were given the opportunity to migrate from State employment to council employment, which most staff members did. These college councils were later found to be dysfunctional, and the State arranged for colleges to be returned to the auspices of the State, but this time round they were usurped in the newly formed Department of Higher Education and Training. From a management perspective, the function shift was successful with minor challenges. Thus the staff felt that they did not receive adequate communication, thereby adversely affecting their financial positions. The researcher recommends further research among TVET Colleges regarding the management of this function shift. It is also recommended that all current channels of communication with staff be revisited, and improvement therein pursued, where possible. A final recommendation is that managers involved in a function shift be subject to a refresher course in change management before a function shift is implemented. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)