Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IsaideBT_TESE.pdf: 2323609 bytes, checksum: cdf9b0a0880e3f37e8d0a641e22c06bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-14 / In the first decade of the XXI century, it is possible to assert that school textbook is part of the material culture of most public Brazilian schools by means of National School Textbook Program (PNLD). This research aimed at identifying and analyzing textbooks choice in Ceara, relating it to the uses of such tool within school daily life. The setting for the study was four public schools, two of them placed in Fortaleza, and the other in Quixada. It evaluated the uses of textbooks in the 6th grade. As part of methodology, public managers were interviewed, teachers answered surveys, and a direct observation during History classes in 2008 school year was carried out. The observation was over after round chats with students in the class, in which each one designed draws and sentences concerning to the textbook. Furthermore, the study was based on MEC official documents that regulate the textbook choice process with National textbook Program announcement (PNDL/2008) and PNDL/2008 Textbook Guide, in addition to History textbooks schools used. Roger Chartier‟s concept of appropriation was an analysis category, as well as Michael de Certeau s strategy and tatics‟, and Dominique Julia‟s concept of school culture . The study recognizes textbook in the perspective of Alain Choppin and Egil Borre Johnsen, since it is a complex cultural object. For this reason, the study designs an analogy with a kaleidoscope that sends different images depending on who uses it, within a set of colorful lines, since textbook comprehends nowadays different sources and languages, as it offers countless possibilities of use in teaching History. The study concludes that only the main text of each chapter is really worked in daily class practice. Therefore, although theoretical and graphic changes in textbook production, the textbook is underused, which is central to a later rethought of teachers instruction, since, depending on the conception of teaching and learning, textbook potentialities will be used to improve the development of knowledge in History. / Na primeira d?cada do s?culo XXI, ? poss?vel afirmar que o livro did?tico faz parte da cultura material da maioria das escolas p?blicas brasileiras atrav?s do Programa Nacional do Livro Did?tico (PNLD). Sendo assim, um dos objetivos desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar o processo de escolha dos livros did?ticos no Estado do Cear?, relacionando-o com os usos que se faz deste instrumento no cotidiano escolar. Tivemos como espa?o de pesquisa emp?rica quatro escolas p?blicas, duas localizadas em Fortaleza e duas em Quixad?; em cada escola, uma turma de 6? ano diurno. Como parte do procedimento metodol?gico, realizamos entrevistas com gestores p?blicos, aplicamos question?rios aos professores, e fizemos observa??o direta durante todas as aulas de Hist?ria do ano letivo de 2008 das quatro turmas investigadas. E finalizamos com uma roda de conversa com os alunos de cada turma, na qual estes fizeram desenhos e frases referentes ao livro did?tico. Ainda trabalhamos com documentos oficiais do MEC que regulamentam o processo de escolha dos livros did?ticos, como o edital do Programa Nacional do Livro Did?tico (PNLD/2008) e o Guia de Livro Did?tico do PNLD/2008; al?m dos livros did?ticos de Hist?ria adotados. Utilizamos como categoria de an?lise o conceito de apropria??o , de Roger Chartier, as categorias de estrat?gias e t?ticas , de Micheal de Certeau, como tamb?m o conceito de cultura escolar cunhado por Dominique Julia. Percebemos o livro did?tico na perspectiva de Alain Choppin e Egil Borre Johnsen, portanto, um objeto cultural complexo. Por isso, fazemos uma analogia com um caleidosc?pio que emite diferentes imagens conforme quem o use, num conjunto de fios coloridos, pois o livro did?tico hoje comporta diferentes fontes e linguagens, e oferece in?meras possibilidades de uso no Ensino de Hist?ria. Ao final de nossa pesquisa, percebemos, no entanto, que, no cotidiano, em geral, apenas o texto principal de cada cap?tulo ? trabalhado. Ent?o, apesar das transforma??es te?ricas e gr?ficas na produ??o do livro did?tico, este ainda ? subutilizado, sendo fundamental um posterior repensar da forma??o docente, pois, a depender da concep??o de ensino e aprendizagem que se adota, as potencialidades deste recurso did?tico ser?o utilizadas no favorecimento da constru??o do conhecimento hist?rico.

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a construção de consciência histórica em alunos do ensino básico a partir do encontro/confronto, em sala de aula, dos diferentes saberes oriundos do senso comum e da ciência da História, por meio da análise das representações sociais constituídas por seus sujeitos: alunos e professores. A utilização de uma metodologia de pesquisa de inspiração etnográfica, somada a outros instrumentais qualitativos aplicados em alunos e professores do ensino fundamental e médio de escolas situadas na periferia da Cidade de São Paulo, proporcionou a leitura das configurações sociais da comunidade escolar à luz da teoria das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici e do conceito de consciência histórica de Jörn Rüsen. Baseado nesse aporte teórico e empírico, a dissertação buscou compreender a influência da dupla dimensão do cotidiano (local e global) na construção das representações sociais dos alunos e a transformação (ou reprodução) das mesmas após a atuação do ensino de História no espaço escolar, com vistas à consecução (ou não) de consciência histórica na vida prática. Por fim, a partir da análise do confronto de representações sociais de alunos e professores, oriundas da apreensão de um conceito substantivo discutido no ensino de História, propõe a socialização e discussão dessas diferentes representações no espaço escolar como possibilidade de formação de consciência histórica e de maior aproximação do estudo da História da vida prática dos alunos. / This research has the aim to study the forming of historical consciousness in elementary school students, starting from the discovery/confrontation of the different knowledge backgrounds resulting from common sense and the Science of History itself, through the analysis of the social representations made by their subjects: students and teachers. The use of the ethnography-inspired research method, added to alternative quantitative tools employed in studies with both pupils and teachers in the outskirts of São Paulo´s elementary and high schools, provided the understanding of the social setup in those communities, in the view of Serge Moscovici´s social representation theory and the Jörn Rüsen´s historical consciousness concept. Based on this both theoretical and empirical approach, this thesis intends to comprehend the (local and global) double-dimensioned influence of the quotidian life on forming students´ social representations, and their possible changes, or reproductions, after the process of the teaching of History in the school environment with the purpose of promoting (or not) historical consciousness in practical life. Finally, starting from the analysis of the comparison between students´ and teachers´ social representations, coming from the perception of the History teaching substantive concept, this thesis suggests the debate and the socialization of these different representations in the school environment as a possibility of construction of the historical consciousness and a better approach of History teaching in learners´ practical life.

This research aims to understand the extent to wherein the pedagogical practices developed in History Teaching discipline for Early Years of Elementary School can contribute to the environmental education of the educator. Achieving the goal it was guided by the following question: How the History Teaching discipline for Early Years of Elementary School can contribute to environmental training of the teacher? This problem is due to two issues that surround the Education field of study: 1) The need for the University as teacher training space, guiding the scale of this front training to current issues that threaten the planet. 2) The need for progress in the studies relating to the mainstreaming of history teaching directed to the Early Years of Elementary School. In order to list those needs during the research, we opted for a qualitative approach. By reference to the type case study, was elected as an object of study curriculum component History Teaching in the Early Years of Primary Education, offered in Pedagogy Programs at the Univerdidade Federal de Sergipe that had campuses José Aloísio de Campos and Alberto de Carvalho as research loci. In order to achieve the goal set, data were collected on the education program of courses and by conducting semi-structured interviews. The sample that composed the respondent corpus consisted of six teachers who had their speeches analyzed using the technique of discursive textual analysis to the Theory of Social Representations. It is worth mentioning that this research is anchored on the assumptions of Critical Environmental Education and Cultural History and Environment, with the link interdisciplinarity. The results showed that the studied discipline presents itself as an area for the promotion of environmental education and pedagogical practices of respondents contribute, this is not the claim, for the environmental education of pedagogue, even this not being the goal of the discipline. With this study, it is expected to contribute to the reassessment of teacher education promoted by the Universidade Federal de Sergipe, and in particular, referred to teachers as well as for the expansion of studies into the environmental training and the teaching of history aimed at children, research fields still second plane in the state of Sergipe. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender em que medida as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na disciplina Ensino de História para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental podem contribuir para a formação ambiental do pedagogo. O alcance do objetivo foi norteado pela seguinte questão: Como a disciplina Ensino de História para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental pode contribuir para a formação ambiental do pedagogo? Esse problema é decorrente de duas problemáticas que circundam o campo de estudos da Educação: 1) A necessidade de a Universidade, enquanto espaço de formação docente, reorientar a dimensão dessa formação frente às atuais questões que ameaçam o planeta. 2) A necessidade de avanços nos estudos relativos à transversalidade do ensino de história direcionado para os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A fim de elencar tais necessidades ao longo da pesquisa, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa. Tomando como referência o tipo estudo de caso, elegeu-se como objeto de estudo o componente curricular Ensino de História nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, ofertado nos cursos de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, que teve os campi José Aloísio de Campos e Alberto de Carvalho como loci da investigação. No intuito de alcançar o objetivo proposto, os dados foram coletados a partir do projeto pedagógico dos cursos e por meio de realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostra que compôs o corpus entrevistado foi constituída por seis professores. Seus discursos foram analisados através da técnica da análise textual discursiva à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Vale ressaltar que esta pesquisa está ancorada nos pressupostos da Educação Ambiental Crítica e da História Cultural e Ambiental, tendo como elo a interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados desvelaram que a disciplina estudada apresenta-se como um espaço para a promoção da formação ambiental e que as práticas pedagógicas dos pesquisados contribuem, sem que essa seja uma pretensão, para a formação ambiental do pedagogo, mesmo esse não sendo objetivo da disciplina. Com esse estudo, espera-se contribuir para a reavaliação da formação docente promovida pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe e, em específico, a que se refere aos pedagogos, bem como para a ampliação de estudos voltados para a formação ambiental e para o ensino de história voltado para os anos iniciais, campos de pesquisa ainda secundarizados no estado de Sergipe.

This study aimed to analyze the memories narrated by young people in high school on cultural heritage significance. To this end, it was necessary to identify the narratives produced by students on a selected heritage in your community; evidencing the collective memories present on done narratives productions and thus understand how young people mobilized the collective memories and school knowledge in the productions about the cultural heritage. These narratives in the form of an album were produced by young people who participated in the heritage education and artistic Project, being constituted as a mediation element to the analysis of the memories, meant in the cultural patrimony elected as memorable in the produced narratives. This study guided by qualitative research approach in education, in the form of case study. It was analyzed four albums produced in the project EPA, in 2015, by young people of State High School Castro Alves, in the city of Adustina-BA. Analyzing the narratives produced by young people was evidenced that the elements of the collective memory are present on it and reveal the social memory constituent of the various groups as historic heritage structure. The results were organized in shafts; taking into account these elements become almost irreducible on solidification of memory. The narrative about the heritage Boqueirão Farm depicts memories about the making of the work, the suffering and the survival of the country person. The narrative about regional handicrafts refers to memories present in everyday objects and sharpen an aesthetic look and arts of doing (crafts). And a third narrative, the albums Vieiras´ Chapel and Senhor do Bonfim Church, is marked by the elements present in a religious memory so present and intense in the country people and blessed relationship. The results show that the meanings attributed to the haritage are related to memory produced collectively in the course of time. Course that becomes effective in zone of culture and persists as identification in what is memorable and what constitute them as belonging to a collectivity. / Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar as memórias narradas por jovens do Ensino Médio na significação do patrimônio cultural. Para tanto, foi necessário identificar as narrativas produzidas pelos discentes sobre um patrimônio selecionado em sua comunidade; evidenciar as memórias coletivas presentes nas produções narrativas elaboradas e, assim, compreender como os jovens mobilizaram as memórias coletivas e os saberes escolares na produção narrativa sobre o patrimônio cultural. Estas narrativas em formato de um álbum foram produzidas pelos jovens que participaram do Projeto Educação Patrimonial e Artística, constituindo-se como elemento de mediação à análise das memórias significadas no patrimônio cultural eleito como memorável nas narrativas produzidas. Este estudo orientou-se pela abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa em educação, do tipo estudo de caso. Foram analisadas narrativas de quatro álbuns produzidos no projeto EPA, em 2015, por jovens do Ensino Médio do Colégio Estadual Castro Alves, no município de Adustina-BA. Ao analisarmos as narrativas produzidas pelos jovens ficou evidenciado que os elementos da memória coletiva estão presentes e revelam a memória social constituinte dos diferentes grupos sociais como estruturante do patrimônio histórico. Os resultados foram organizados por eixos, levando em consideração esses elementos que se tornam quase que irredutíveis na solidificação da memória A narrativa sobre o patrimônio da fazenda Boqueirão retrata memórias sobre os fazeres do trabalho, o sofrimento e a sobrevivência do sertanejo. A narrativa sobre os Artesanatos Regionais nos remete às memórias presentes nos objetos cotidianos e aguçam um olhar estético e às artes do fazer (ofícios). E uma terceira narrativa, estabelecida nos álbuns Capela dos Vieiras e Igreja Senhor do Bonfim, é marcada pelos elementos presentes numa memória religiosa tão presente e intensa na relação do sertanejo com o sagrado. Os resultados evidenciam que os significados atribuídos ao Patrimônio estão relacionados à memória produzida coletivamente no percurso do tempo. Percurso que se efetiva no campo da cultura e persiste como identificação no que é memorável e no que os constitui como pertencentes a uma coletividade.

O tema do presente estudo é a construção da brasilidade na obra de João Ribeiro. A partir da análise de duas de suas obras História do Brasil (1900) e A Língua Nacional (1921) busco compreender o esforço de um letrado do final do século XIX e início do XX em contribuir para constituição (ou reconstituição) e divulgação de elementos distintivos da nacionalidade brasileira. Principalmente através do saber historiográfico e lingüístico. A História do Brasil e A Língua Nacional são as duas obras em que João Ribeiro colocou em prática a intenção de interpretar e compreender o Brasil como um país autônomo em sua especificidade histórica e lingüística. Esta especificidade, segundo ele, se deve basicamente a formação miscigenada da população brasileira. / The subject of the present study is the construction of the brazility in the work of João Ribeiro. Departing of analysis of two of his works History of Brazil (1900) and The National Language (1921) I find to understand the effort of the erudite man, in the ends of the Century XIX and begins of the Century XX, to contribute for constitution, reconstitution and divulgation of the distinctive elements of the Brazilian nationality. Mainly through of the historiographic and linguistic knowledge, The History of Brazil and The National Language are the two works that João Ribeiro puts in practical his intention of the to interpret and to understand the Brazil how an autonomy country in its historical and linguistics especifities. According to João Ribeiro, this specificity to apply basicaly in the miscegenated formation of the Brazilian population.

La place des jeux vidéos dans la culture populaire n’est plus à démontrer. Consommés avidement par un public de plus en plus large, ils s’intéressent à une variété d’objets, notamment le passé. Parmi les discours de l’histoire profane, les jeux vidéos sont sans doute les plus neufs. Cela étant, ils intéressent de plus en plus éducateurs et didacticiens qui s’interrogent à propos de leurs effets sur les apprenants et de leur intégration dans le cadre des cours de sciences humaines et sociales. Or, les écrits disponibles sur les jeux vidéos historiques ne sont pas nombreux et ne nous renseignent que sur certains jeux (Assassin’s Creed, Sid Meier’s Civilization). De plus, ils occultent presque totalement la question de la représentation de l’agentivité historique, alors même que les jeux vidéos se démarquent d’autres représentations profanes de l’histoire en favorisant une interaction avec le récit historique présenté. Notre recherche tente donc d’amener un éclairage nouveau en proposant une typologie de la représentation de l’agentivité au sein des jeux vidéos historiques, dans une perspective didactique. Pour ce faire, nous avons élaboré une méthodologie exploratoire et qualitative qui utilise l’étude de cas multiples. Notre corpus est composé de cinq jeux, tirés de différents archétypes vidéoludiques : Assassin’s Creed : Black Flag, Battlefield 1, Company of Heroes, Medieval 2 : Total War et Papers Please. Nous avons enregistré près de 56 heures d’extraits vidéos, répartis inégalement entre les cas de notre étude. Les extraits ont été analysés dans le cadre d’une analyse de contenu thématique à codage mixte. Les résultats de notre recherche montrent entre autres que la représentation de l’agentivité est directement liée à la nature et à la catégorie dans laquelle s’inscrit le jeu et que les récits historiques mis en scène adoptent une vision traditionnelle de l’agentivité historique. De plus, les facteurs de changements historiques sont liés aux contraintes qu’imposent les jeux vidéos en tant qu’objets techniques. / The place of video games in popular culture is well established. Consumed by an increasingly large audience, they are interested in a variety of subjects, notably the past. Among the discourses of popular history, video games are arguably the newest. However, they are of increasing interest to educators and didacticians who wonder about their effects on pupils and their integration into humanities and social science courses. However, available research on historical video games are not numerous and only tell us about certain games (Assassin’s Creed, Sid Meier’s Civilization). In addition, they almost completely avoid the question of historical agency, even as video games set themselves apart from other popular representations of history by fostering interaction with the historical narrative they present. Our research therefore attempts to shed a new light on the matter by designing a typology of the representation of agency within historical video games, from a didactic perspective. To do this end, we have developed an exploratory and qualitative methodology that uses a multiple case study. Our corpus is made up of five games, drawn from different video game archetypes : Assassin’s Creed: Black Flag, Battlefield 1, Company of Heroes, Medieval 2: Total War and Papers Please. We recorded nearly 56 hours of video clips, unevenly distributed between the cases in our study. The excerpts were analyzed as part of a thematic mixed-coded content analysis. The results of our research show, among other things, that the representation of agency is directly linked to the nature and the type in which the game falls and that the historical narratives staged adopt a traditional view of historical agency. In addition, the factors of historical change are linked to the constraints imposed by video games as technical objects.

This licentiate thesis explores the activity of historical reasoning in terms of primary source analysis among upper secondary school students. The thesis is a compilation of two scientific articles in history didactics. Two Learning studies, a theory-informed and interventionistic research methodology, were organised to explore historical reasoning. Three research questions are ad- dressed: (1) what does it mean to be able to analyse historical primary sources, (2) what is critical to discern when learning primary source analysis, and (3) what is characteristic for the processes of learning and meaning- making when students work with source analysis assignments? The first article uses phenomenography to explore fifteen students’ perceptions of a historical primary source and the difficulties they face when examining the source. Data was collected through a series of group interviews where stu- dents were asked to respond to a historical letter. The analysis resulted in four qualitatively different categories of perceptions of the source and three critical aspects that emerged between the categories. It is suggested that it is critical to (1) discern and separate the historical perspective, (2) to discern and separate the perspective of the historical actor and (3) to discern and separate the subtext of the source in relation to the historical context. The second article uses a form of content focused conversation analysis to ex- plore the processes of learning and attributing meaning when students work with primary sources. Data was collected through audio recordings of stu- dents’ collaborative work on two assignments. The main results are descrip- tions of the students’ learning and meaning making processes. For instance, when students discern and separate the historical perspective and historical actors’ perspectives. An interesting finding was a strategy used by students to take on the roles of hypothetical historical agents. It is suggested that cer- tain aspects of school culture might inhibit students’ learning of primary source analysis and that students’ life-world perspective is vital in creating meaning. Finally, historical reasoning is discussed in relation to the concept of historical consciousness and it is argued that historical reasoning should include the perspectives of deconstruction, subjectivity and interpretation to better comply with history teaching.

Traditionally, the teaching of history tends to focus on content, where historical learning is reflected in memorizing important dates, events, and concepts about the past. In recent decades, research has drawn attention to a new way of approaching historical learning through understanding causes and effects as well as making connections between different events and stories about the past. Such an approach to historical learning implies a developed capacity for historical thinking. To shed light on this, this survey aimed to investigate the interest students have in history, how they perceive the purpose of history and how they experience the content and implementation of history teaching in upper secondary school. This study is based on semi-structured focus group interviews with 12 students in upper secondary school. The focus group interviews were based on the didactic questions of what, how, and why to achieve developed and qualified answers. The outcomes of the interviews were further interpreted and analysed according to the six sub-components advocated in the Anglo-Saxon history teaching tradition to categorize students' historical thinking skills. The results revealed that students' interest in history has a major impact on how they perceive the purpose of history and how they experience the content and conduct of history teaching insecondary school. Findings also showed that using historical sources is completely excluded from students' responses. The present study forms a foundation for future studies interested in a more practical history teaching approach. Furthermore, it renders insights into the complexities of teaching history from a student perspective, while at the same time points to some opportunities for development towards the teaching practitioner in creating a good history educational plan.

Abstract Title: History teaching and intercultural competence This study takes as its starting point the relationship between the multicultural and globalised society and history as a school subject, and explores it theoretically as well as empirically.  Intercultural historical competence, which is the main theoretical and analytical concept of the study, is developed from theories of narrative competence and theories of intercultural competence, and is positioned in the intersection between the two. Narrative competence describes historical consciousness as being characterised by three distinct sub-competencies, the competence of experience, the competence of interpretation and the competence of orientation. Historical learning is seen as the qualification of these competencies to be able to tell meaningful stories about our lives.  The empirical case study explores how intercultural historical competence as a learning objective is interpreted and enacted in one history classroom. The enacted object of learning is regarded as a co-construction between the teacher, the pupils and historical narratives. This study explores how experiences and interpretations of the past are made and used in the work in the classroom. The question of what constitutes each narrative sub-competence is addressed and discussed in three empirical chapters respectively. The source material mainly consists of observations from a sequel of 25 history lessons in an upper secondary school The empirical results show how different dimensions of each sub-competence contribute to what is possible to learn in relation to intercultural historical competence. One important dimension of the competence of experience is the employment of strategies of pluralism, deconstruction and counter-narratives to open up closed narratives. The competence of interpretation is strengthened by the use of second-order concepts as tools to qualify historical thinking. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how it is possible to practise the competence of orientation by giving pupils the opportunity to use historical narratives and historical tools to make sense of the present and to think about the future. One additional conclusion is that the planning process, when the learning objective is interpreted and framed into lessons and exercises, is decisive for what is possible for pupils to learn. Finally, it is stated that history as a school subject has the capacity to develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that are relevant in a multicultural and globalised society. Key words: history teaching, historical learning, history education, intercultural competence, intercultural education, historical consciousness, upper secondary school, class room study, object of learning, learning objective, historical narrative.

The advent of democracy in South Africa necessitated a radical transformation in education. It was recognised from the outset that the revision of History education was an activity that had to be accorded special consideration if the renaissance of education in South African public schools was to become a reality. Yet, precisely at a time when the nurturing of historical consciousness, especially among the youth, is so urgent an undertaking, the subject History is increasingly being judged as lacking in utilitarian purpose, and is deemed irrelevant and meaningless. A strong need is thus felt among History educationists to strengthen History studies because of its importance not only in itself but also because a knowledge of the past is crucial to an understanding of the present. In a South African educational context this thesis attempts to make a contribution to this worthwhile endeavour. It investigates the nature, functions, changing modes and historical role of historical consciousness in the writing and teaching of History in South Africa; proposes a heightened interest in adopting an outcomes-based approach to the teaching of history; and advocates an historical consciousness approach to the teaching of History to learners in the Further Education and Training phase (schools), within the framework of the above-mentioned Outcomes-based Education system. It recommends, among others, the training and retraining of teachers in the historical consciousness approach; the adoption of a fresh methodology; and the revamping and strengthening of the content and scope of the present curriculum to accommodate the new historical consciousness approach. The thesis concludes with a set of recommendations which could serve as a basis for the nurturing of historical consciousness in the South African History classroom. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)