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Threat Analysis Using Goal-Oriented Action Planning : Planning in the Light of Information FusionBjarnolf, Philip January 2008 (has links)
<p>An entity capable of assessing its and others action capabilities possess the power to predict how the involved entities may change their world. Through this knowledge and higher level of situation awareness, the assessing entity may choose the actions that have the most suitable effect, resulting in that entity’s desired world state.</p><p>This thesis covers aspects and concepts of an arbitrary planning system and presents a threat analyzer architecture built on the novel planning system Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP). This planning system has been suggested for an application for improved missile route planning and targeting, as well as being applied in contemporary computer games such as F.E.A.R. – First Encounter Assault Recon and S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. The GOAP architecture realized in this project is utilized by two agents that perform action planning to reach their desired world states. One of the agents employs a modified GOAP planner used as a threat analyzer in order to determine what threat level the adversary agent constitutes. This project does also introduce a conceptual schema of a general planning system that considers orders, doctrine and style; as well as a schema depicting an agent system using a blackboard in conjunction with the OODA-loop.</p>
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The speed of precision : How the OODA loop benefits from accurate technologyLanghard, Jessie January 2020 (has links)
This paper examines how precision resources, such as Precision Guided Munitions (PGM) and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), can affect the OODA loop decision making cycle. PGMs add precision and force to kinetic strikes, whilst UASs bring precision and endurance to the Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) field. The research is conducted as a qualitative case study with two cases - the first one being Operation Desert Storm (1991) where precision weapons were first introduced in a large scale operation, and the second one being Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003) which was conducted in a similar environment and organization, but with a huge technological advancement when it came to PGMs and UASs. The four phases of the OODA loop are examined separately, and the two cases are compared to reveal any similarities or differences. The results indicate that precision resources have a beneficial impact on the speed and accuracy of all four phases, as well as the overall efficiency of the OODA loop. The results also indicate the importance of having sound intelligence (which cements John Boyd’s claim that Orientation is the most important part of the loop) and that the next challenge after precision and ISR-capabilities might be successful coordination of the joint forces on tactical and operational levels to gain speed even further.
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Threat Analysis Using Goal-Oriented Action Planning : Planning in the Light of Information FusionBjarnolf, Philip January 2008 (has links)
An entity capable of assessing its and others action capabilities possess the power to predict how the involved entities may change their world. Through this knowledge and higher level of situation awareness, the assessing entity may choose the actions that have the most suitable effect, resulting in that entity’s desired world state. This thesis covers aspects and concepts of an arbitrary planning system and presents a threat analyzer architecture built on the novel planning system Goal-Oriented Action Planning (GOAP). This planning system has been suggested for an application for improved missile route planning and targeting, as well as being applied in contemporary computer games such as F.E.A.R. – First Encounter Assault Recon and S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. The GOAP architecture realized in this project is utilized by two agents that perform action planning to reach their desired world states. One of the agents employs a modified GOAP planner used as a threat analyzer in order to determine what threat level the adversary agent constitutes. This project does also introduce a conceptual schema of a general planning system that considers orders, doctrine and style; as well as a schema depicting an agent system using a blackboard in conjunction with the OODA-loop.
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Beslutsfattande och maktdistans i Nato / Decision-Making and Power Distance in NATOPalme, Linnéa January 2024 (has links)
Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att undersöka hur anställda inom Nato upplever att maktdistans påverkar beslutsfattandet. För att svara på min frågeställning har jag använt mig av en kvalitativ metod med inkäter, där sex deltagare från fyra olika länder svarade. Resultatet analyserades med en tematisk analys där fem teman framträdde, beslutsfattande, hierarki, kultur, maktdistans och språk. Resultatet är att maktdistans i viss utsträckning påverkar beslutsfattande inom Nato beroende på vilket land som representanterna kommer ifrån. Länders indirekta makt varierar beroende på storlek, befolkningsmängd och hur länge de varit medlemmar av Nato. Studien visar på att maktdistans existerar och påverkar beslut i viss utsträckning men att frågan är komplex då de tillfrågade inte alltid vet vad begreppet maktdistans är även om svaren tyder på det. Sammanfattningsvis påverkas maktdistans av hur länge ett land varit medlemmar i alliansen, hur många personer med hög grad landet har i alliansen och hur bra dessa personer är på språk, att tolka orden i rum och tid och vikta orden rätt. Kunskap i engelska och förhandlingsvana har här betydelse. / This qualitative study aims to investigate how NATO employees experience the impact of power distance on decision-making. To answer that question, I have relied on a qualitative method consisting of a hybrid of questionnaires and interviews that were sent out. Six participants from four countries participated. When the results were examined through thematic analysis, five different themes emerged: decision-making, hierarchy, culture, power distance and language. The results indicate that power distance does affect decision-making within NATO to some extent; depending on which country the representatives come from. The indirect power wielded by the member states varies according to their respective geographical size, the size of their population and their annuity as a member of NATO. The study shows that power distance exists and to some extent affects decision-making within the organization. It also shows that the issue is complex, as not all participants are aware of the concept of power distance, although their responses indicate that they are aware of its existence within the organization. In conclusion, power distance is influenced by how long the nation has been a member of the Alliance, how many high-ranking people the nation has in the various offices of the Alliance, and how well these representatives are able to master language skills, to interpret what is said in a spatial and temporal context, and to weight words accurately; here English and negotiation skills are of great importance.
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Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and RecoveryHart, M J Alexandra January 2010 (has links)
This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science.
The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do.
Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process.
It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact.
The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail.
A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported.
It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact.
On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment.
The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency.
Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches.
Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.
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