Snabb teknologisk utveckling och intensiv digitalisering i samhället har bidragit till att IT-kompetens saknas i den utsträckning som efterfrågas vilket skapar kompetensbrist på arbetsmarknaden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka utbildningsformen Accelerated Learning och vilka möjligheter den skapat för individer som genomgått en utbildning med denna intensiva lärandemodell. Vi har valt att gräva djupare i utbildningsformen genom att studera upplevelsen samt karriärmöjligheterna i samband med genomförd utbildning för att få en djupare förståelse kring utbildningsformens integrering och påverkan på de individer vi intervjuat samt effekten på organisationens anpassning till digitaliseringen.   Vi har utifrån en kvalitativ ansats utfört djupintervjuer med tio olika individer som alla studerat på Academy, en skola som tillämpar utbildningsformen Accelerated Learning. Det är en ny utbildningsmodell på marknaden som det ännu inte forskat brett kring. Detta var en motivation varför vi ville gräva djupare i utbildningsformen. Vi valde att utgå ifrån sociologiska teorier med fokus på organisationer i samhället samt samspelet med individerna. Detta gjorde vi genom att välja organisationsekologin samt Anthony Giddens strukturerings- och modernitetsteori.   Utifrån resultatet visar vår studie på att utbildningsformen Accelerated Learning möjliggjort för våra intervjupersoner att byta yrkesinriktning mitt i karriären, få praktisk erfarenhet på kort tid samt utveckla en kombinerad kompetens med IT som nisch. Vidare tyder vårt resultat på att utbildningsformen kan ha en positiv påverkan på organisationer som snabbt behöver få in människor med praktiskt relevant och dagsaktuell kunskap samt kombinerad kompetens. Resultatet indikerar även på att utbildningsformen kan främja organisationers anpassning till arbetsmarknaden och det digitala samhället.

I denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker vi vad den nya rollen som lärare i fritidshemmet innebär i praktiken. Vad ingår i den nya rollen och hur påverkas rollen som lärare mot fritidshem kontra lärare i ett praktiskt-estetiskt ämne. Hur påverkas vårt professionella förhållningssätt i uppdragen som bemästras? Utifrån situationer i de flerdelade uppdragen vi får genom utbildningen vi studerar, och hur de påverkar varandra, kommer vi med hjälp av teorier och litteratur belysa dessa områden. I denna essä reflekterar och perspektiverar vi vårt förhållningssätt och synvinklar i våra dilemman. Vi kommer tolka situationer utifrån Dreyfus och Dreyfus utvecklingsstege. Vidare kommer vi att diskutera hur fritidshemmet såg ut förr och hur det ser ut i nutid. Vi avslutar vår essä genom att reflektera över våra frågeställningar och hur vi själva ser på vårt uppdrag. Slutligen kommer vi genom att vi sätter rollerna i konkreta förslag reflektera över det pedagogiska förhållningssättet och hur vi kan använda det i vår professionsutveckling. / Teachers towards recreational centre: A scientific essay on the different roles that come with the new form of education.  In this scientific essay, we will examine what the new role as teacher in the recreational centre entails in practice. What is included in the new role and how does it affect the role as a recreational education teacher versus a practical aesthetic teacher. How is our professional approach affected by the complex assignments we undertake? Based on situations in the multiple assignments we get during the education, and how they affect each other, we will, with the help of theories and literature, highlight these areas. In this essay we reflect upon and put into perspective, our approach and point of views in our dilemmas. We will interpret various situations based on the Dreyfus and Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. Furthermore, we will discuss what the recreational home looked like in the past and what it looks like at present. We will finish our essay by reflecting upon our controversial point of view of our assignment. Lastly, by putting the roles in concrete proposals, we will reflect upon the educational approach and how we can use it in our professional development.

Bakgrund: Ledare i dagens samhälle leder sina organisationer och medarbetare under ständig förändring. VUCA världen, en osäker och komplex värld som saknar en tydlighet om vad som komma skall för morgondagen. Vilket sätter ledare i en svår situation när att arbeta och leda utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv för att säkra upp för framtiden i en VUCA värld. Syfte: Att tolka hur ledare praktiserar ett hållbart ledarskap i kontexten av en VUCA värld. Metod: Studien antar en induktiv ansatsmetod med en kvalitativ strategi. En fallstudie har genomförts med sex semistrukturerade intervjuer för att samla in relevant empiriska data. Resultatet från empiriinsamlingen har analyserats genom en induktiv tematisk analys där fyra huvudteman framkom: Målsättning och beslutsfattande, Teamarbete: Individuella ledarskapet – vem ingår i ditt team, Delegering och Rätt kompetens i huset. Slutsats: Analysen av studiens empiri har påvisat att det hållbara ledarskapet praktiseras utifrån fyra byggstenar: Hållbar målsättning och beslutsfattande, Hållbart och framgångsrikt teamarbete, Hållbar och effektiv delegering, samt Hållbar och långsiktig kompetensförsörjning. Dessa fyra byggstenar består av 2–3 underteman som påvisar hur det hållbara ledarskapet ska praktiseras. Exempelvis Hållbar målsättning och beslutsfattande består av följande underteman: Leva som vi lär, Alla mål har olika vägar samt Inte bara se till organisationens behov utan även de anställda = nöjd personal = motiverad personal. Vidare har studien påvisat hur det hållbara ledarskapet består utav flertalet ledarskapsstilar: autentiskt ledarskap, etiskt ledarskap, tillitsbaserat ledarskap, tjänande ledarskap samt situationsanpassat ledarskap. Det hållbara ledarskapet praktiseras genom de fyra ovan nämnda byggstenarna i relation till hållbarhetsaspekterna: sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga där den sociala aspekten är övervägande i fokus i kontexten av en VUCA värld. / Background: Leaders today are leading their organizations and employees through constant change. The VUCA world, an uncertain and complex world that lacks clarity about what’s coming for tomorrow. This puts leaders in a difficult situation when leading from a sustainability perspective to secure the future in a VUCA world. Purpose: To interpret how leaders practice sustainable leadership in the context of a VUCA world Method: The study takes on an inductive approach with a qualitative strategy. A case study has been conducted with six semi-structured interviews to collect relevant empirical data. The results of the empirical data collection have been analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis where four main themes emerged: Goal setting and decision making, Teamwork: Individual leadership – who is in your team, Delegation, and The right competence in the house. Conclusion: The analysis of the study’s empirical data has shown that sustainable leadership is practiced based on four building blocks: Sustainable goal setting and decision making, Sustainable and successful teamwork, Sustainable and effective delegation, and Sustainable and long-term competence management. These four building blocks consist of 2-3 sub-themes that demonstrate how sustainable leadership should be practiced. For example, Sustainable goal setting and decision making consists of the following sub-themes: Living as we learn, All goals have different paths and Not only looking at the organizational needs but also the need of the employees = satisfied employee = motivated employee. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated how sustainable leadership consist of several leadership styles: authentic leadership, ethical leadership, trust-based leadership, servant leadership and situational leadership. The sustainable leadership is practiced through the four building blocks mentioned above in relation to the sustainability aspects: social, economic, and environmental where the social aspect is predominantly in focus in the context of a VUCA world.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa i samhället ökar och många patienter har svårt att fullfölja behandling som involverar rörelse, vilket kan leda till livslånga symptom och än värre besvär. Starka och påfrestande emotioner har diskuterats som en anledning till bristande följsamhet sett till basal kroppskännedom, men andra orsaker kan också urskiljas. Syfte: Att beskriva fysioterapeuters erfarenhet och upplevelse av faktorer som kan påverka individens följsamhet till basal kroppskännedom som behandling inom psykisk ohälsa ur ett beteendemedicinskt perspektiv.    Metod: Denna kvalitativa studie som bygger på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer har gjorts med en induktiv ansats.    Resultat: Studien fångar upp en upplevd koppling mellan patientens sjukdom och symptom och bristande följsamhet. Vidare är informanternas erfarenhet och upplevelse att vem fysioterapeuten är, hur pass bra patienten förstår vad basal kroppskännedom är, att behandlingen är mer praktisk och involverar mindre prat, att det finns ett gott samarbete mellan fysioterapeut och patienten som leder till en allians samt vem patienten är kan ses som faktorer som tillsammans eller var för sig kan påverka följsamheten.   Slutsats: Utifrån informanternas upplevelser och erfarenheter att det är nödvändigt att ta hänsyn till och hantera även psykologiska och sociala perspektiv hos patienten för att följsamhet till basal kroppskännedom ska uppstå. / Background: Mental illness in society is increasing and many patients find it difficult to adhere to treatment that involves movement, which can lead to lifelong symptoms and increased problems. Strong and stressful emotions have been discussed as a reason for lack of adherence to basic body awareness, but other reasons can also be discerned. Aim: To describe physiotherapists' experiences of factors that can influence the individual's adherence to basic body awareness as treatment in mental illness from a behavioral medicine perspective. Method: This qualitative study, which is based on six semi-structured interviews, has been done with an inductive approach.   Result: The study captures a perceived connection between the patient's illness and symptoms and lack of adherence. Furthermore, the informants' experience is who the physiotherapist is, how well the patient understands what basic body awareness is, that the treatment is more practical and involves less talking, that there is good cooperation between the physiotherapist and the patient which leads to an alliance and who the patient is can be seen as factors that together or individually can affect adherence.   Conclusion: Based on the experiences of the informants, it is necessary to take into account and also to manage the psychological and social perspectives of the patient in order for adherence to basic body awareness treatment to occur.

According to The Swedish Schools Inspectorate’s (2014) quality review, technology subject is all too often characterized by practical work that does not illustrate the theory. In this study, the theory is used to describe the practical work in technology teaching. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of how practical problem solving together with oral interaction affects students’ understanding of the theory behind the water tower as a technical system. Previous research shows how oral interaction strengthens students’ learning through the zone of proximal development (ZPD). When Students work in groups they can use each other’s knowledge and together support each other to reach a new development zone. Through group collaboration, they also increase their skills in practical problem solving through oral interaction and exchange of knowledge.  The methods in the study are design study, observation with observation schedule and observation with video analysis. The teaching approach in the design study is based on the students’ understanding of the theory behind the water tower as a technical system with the help of practical work in groups. The design of the design study is based on students in year six having to understand the theory behind the water tower by constructing a water tower themselves. The results of the study shows that students in year six through our approach to technology teaching are given the opportunity for a gradual increase of knowledge acquisition. The gradually increasing of understanding is based on the students developing from initially lacking knowledge of the water tower as a technical system in level one and in level four the students understanding how the different technical systems work together. The results shows that this way of working is a good addition to the existing technology teaching, with a focus on the theoretical knowledge in the technology subject.

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained momentum in recent years following the increased use of AI systems across industries leading to bias, discrimination, and data security concerns. Several conceptual frameworks for how to reach AI systems that are fair, transparent, and understandable have been proposed, as well as a number of technical solutions improving some of these aspects in a research context. However, there is still a lack of studies examining the implementation of these concepts and techniques in practice. This research aims to bridge the gap between prominent theory within the area and practical implementation, exploring the implementation and evaluation of XAI models in the Swedish credit scoring industry, and proposes a three-step framework for the implementation of local explanations in practice. The research methods used consisted of a case study with the model development at UC AB as a subject and an experiment evaluating the consumers' levels of trust and system understanding as well as the usefulness, persuasive power, and usability of the explanation for three different explanation prototypes developed. The framework proposed was validated by the case study and highlighted a number of key challenges and trade-offs present when implementing XAI in practice. Moreover, the evaluation of the XAI prototypes showed that the majority of consumers prefers rulebased explanations, but that preferences for explanations is still dependent on the individual consumer. Recommended future research endeavors include studying a longterm XAI project in which the models can be evaluated by the open market and the combination of different XAI methods in reaching a more personalized explanation for the consumer. / Under senare år har antalet AI implementationer stadigt ökat i flera industrier. Dessa implementationer har visat flera utmaningar kring nuvarande AI system, specifikt gällande diskriminering, otydlighet och datasäkerhet vilket lett till ett intresse för förklarbar artificiell intelligens (XAI). XAI syftar till att utveckla AI system som är rättvisa, transparenta och begripliga. Flera konceptuella ramverk har introducerats för XAI som presenterar etiska såväl som politiska perspektiv och målbilder. Dessutom har tekniska metoder utvecklats som gjort framsteg mot förklarbarhet i forskningskontext. Däremot saknas det fortfarande studier som undersöker implementationer av dessa koncept och tekniker i praktiken. Denna studie syftar till att överbrygga klyftan mellan den senaste teorin inom området och praktiken genom en fallstudie av ett företag i den svenska kreditupplysningsindustrin. Detta genom att föreslå ett ramverk för implementation av lokala förklaringar i praktiken och genom att utveckla tre förklaringsprototyper. Rapporten utvärderar även prototyperna med konsumenter på följande dimensioner: tillit, systemförståelse, användbarhet och övertalningsstyrka. Det föreslagna ramverket validerades genom fallstudien och belyste ett antal utmaningar och avvägningar som förekommer när XAI system utvecklas för användning i praktiken. Utöver detta visar utvärderingen av prototyperna att majoriteten av konsumenter föredrar regelbaserade förklaringar men indikerar även att preferenser mellan konsumenter varierar. Rekommendationer för framtida forskning är dels en längre studie, vari en XAI modell introduceras på och utvärderas av den fria marknaden, dels forskning som kombinerar olika XAI metoder för att generera mer personliga förklaringar för konsumenter.

Abstract Background: Small businesses are vital for the welfare of a country. Yet, they have trou-ble obtaining external financing and these difficulties are gathered under the umbrella concept the “Financial Gap”. The most common source of fund-ing for small businesses is bank loan, why the availability of bank financing is a critical factor for their success. Today, 31% of all Swedish companies argue that they have finance problems and for half of these, the problem is to obtain a bank loan. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and explain the Financial Gap as a relational concept. That is to say that the study will contribute to the understanding of the Financial Gap by focusing on the perspectives of both small businesses and banks interactively. Method: The study views the concept of the Financial Gap from a practical stand-point, assuming that it expresses its existence in the interaction between small businesses and banks. To pursue this view, the study takes on an Eth-nomethodological research approach. This approach is necessary in order to come close to and understand small businesses‟ and banks‟ everyday prac-tises. In-depth interviews are used for obtaining this deeper understanding of both parties. In addition, a questionnaire was sent out to small businesses in order to verify the information gathered in the interviews. Conclusion: On the basis of the study, the authors have developed an Interactive Model which describes their understanding of the Financial Gap. The members of small businesses and banks deal with information differently, which in turn is a result of how they approach ambiguity. When ambiguity is present, small firms settle with making decisions under uncertainty, whereas banks prefer to calculate on probabilities, why their decisions are considered being made under risk. The differences mentioned become visible in their deci-sion-making process, where small businesses act pursuant to a practical rea-soning whereas banks employ an analytical reasoning. Consequently, it leads to a clash when these two shall interact and function in a transaction as partners. The study concludes that the Financial Gap can be explained by small firms and banks speaking different languages when presenting the same reality.

The gaming market has become the fastest growing market for leisure and is one of the most popular forms of homeentertainment. This has generated a media debate about how people are affected by gaming and concernes how we are affected by the violence that may occur in games. Games proponents argues that gaming is the future of teaching and computer games are becoming a sustainable and popular instruction strategy. Some studies have long used computer games for educational purposes. By interviewing high school students in focus groups as qualitative research, I studied their attitudes towards computer games as a learning tool. Using the indie game Minecraft, the online game World of Warcraft and the simulation game Euro Truck as examples, I have asked high school students what skills they believe can be obtained by using computer games as a learning tool. Focusing on factual abstract learning, social learning and practical application of learning. The result shows that high school students believe that some learning can be achieved by most computer games, but the knowledge obtained is not necessarily the skills that can be applied in reality. The results also show that high school students lack practical application of learning, and they think that computer games are a great tool to visualize factually abstract knowledge. When it comes to social learning they believe that it gives the opposite effect and make players asocial.

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Small businesses are vital for the welfare of a country. Yet, they have trou-ble obtaining external financing and these difficulties are gathered under the umbrella concept the “Financial Gap”. The most common source of fund-ing for small businesses is bank loan, why the availability of bank financing is a critical factor for their success. Today, 31% of all Swedish companies argue that they have finance problems and for half of these, the problem is to obtain a bank loan.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong><em>The purpose of the study is to describe and explain the Financial Gap as a relational concept. That is to say that the study will contribute to the understanding of the Financial Gap by focusing on the perspectives of both small businesses and banks interactively. </em></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study views the concept of the Financial Gap from a practical stand-point, assuming that it expresses its existence in the interaction between small businesses and banks. To pursue this view, the study takes on an Eth-nomethodological research approach. This approach is necessary in order to come close to and understand small businesses‟ and banks‟ everyday prac-tises. In-depth interviews are used for obtaining this deeper understanding of both parties. In addition, a questionnaire was sent out to small businesses in order to verify the information gathered in the interviews.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>On the basis of the study, the authors have developed an <em>Interactive Model </em>which describes their understanding of the Financial Gap. The members of small businesses and banks deal with information differently, which in turn is a result of how they approach ambiguity. When ambiguity is present, small firms settle with making decisions under uncertainty, whereas banks prefer to calculate on probabilities, why their decisions are considered being made under risk. The differences mentioned become visible in their deci-sion-making process, where small businesses act pursuant to a practical rea-soning whereas banks employ an analytical reasoning. Consequently, it leads to a clash when these two shall interact and function in a transaction as partners. The study concludes that the Financial Gap can be explained by small firms and banks speaking different languages when presenting the same reality.</p>

This thesis is about the twofold role teachers in the after-school centers have if they also teach a practical aesthetic subject in addition to the after-school center. The thesis is based on six different scenarios that I, as a professional, have been involved in in my daily work. The essay aims to investigate the twofold role of teachers in after-school centers, in terms of the competence to teach a practical aesthetic subject. I explore concepts such as ethics of duty and professional ethics and link it to leadership and the importance of the subject of music. The questions I have asked are: What ambiguities are there for the school management in how they should set up the work for us who teach both in after-school centers and a practical aesthetic subject? In what ways can this possible ambiguity contribute to difficulties in the two-part professional role for me as an employee? Which solutions lie within myself and which lie within the employer? The most important result is that both management and teachers in the after-school center have a part in the responsibility to make the role sustainable. And that there will take some time for the new role to be a natural part of the Swedish school system. / Denna vetenskapliga essä handlar om det dubbla uppdraget som lärare i fritidshem har då de även undervisar i ett praktiskt estetiskt ämne utöver undervisningen i fritidshemmet. Uppsatsen tar avstamp i sex olika scenarier som jag som yrkesverksam har varit med om i mitt dagliga arbete. Essän syftar till att undersöka vilken tudelad roll som lärarna mot fritidshem har, i och med behörigheten att undervisa i ett praktiskt estetiskt ämne. Jag utforskar begrepp som pliktetik och yrkesetik och kopplar det till ledarskap och musikämnets betydelse. De frågor som jag har ställt är: Vilka otydligheter finns det för skolledningen i hur de ska lägga upp arbetet för oss som undervisar både i fritidshem och ett Praktiskt estetiskt ämne? På vilka sätt kan denna eventuella otydlighet bidra till svårigheter i den tudelade yrkesrollen för mig som anställd? Vilka lösningar ligger hos mig själv och vilka ligger hos arbetsgivaren? Den metod som jag har använt i denna uppsats är essäskrivande. Det viktigaste resultatet är att både ledning och lärare i fritidshemmet har en del i ansvaret att göra rollen hållbar. Men också att det kommer ta tid innan lärare mot fritidshem har en naturlig plats i den svenska skolan.