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31	Gifts of fire: an historical analysis of the Promethean myth for the the light it casts on the philosophical philanthropy of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato; and prolegomena to consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche Sulek, Marty James John 19 March 2012 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The history of Western civilisation is generally demarcated into three broad epochs: ancient, Christian and modern. These eras are usually defined in political terms, but they may also be differentiated in terms of fundamental differences in the nature of the organisations that constitute civil society in each age, how they defined the public good, and even what they consider philanthropic. In the nineteenth century, for instance, 'Scientific philanthropy' displaced 'Christian charity' as the dominant model for charitable giving; a development accompanied by a number of other secularising trends in Western civil society, generally understood as a broad cultural shift in conceptions of public good, from religious to scientific. From the fourth to the sixth century CE, by comparison, another broad cultural shift, from paganism to Christianity, also led to fundamental changes in the nature and composition of ancient civil society. A central premise of this dissertation is that fundamental historical transformations in Western civilisation – from pagan to Christian, to modern, to post-modern – may be traced to the influence of some of the most important philosophers in the Western philosophical tradition, among them: Protagoras, Socrates, Plato, Francis Bacon and Friedrich Nietzsche. Each of these philosophers may be seen to have promulgated their teachings in a consciously Promethean manner; as gifts of fire, understood as philosophical teachings intended to be promulgated for the wider benefit of humankind. In Greek myth, Prometheus, whose name is traditionally thought to have literally meant 'forethought', is the one who steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans. Prometheus is also the first figure in history to be described as "philanthropic" (Prometheus Bound, 11 & 28). Plato, Bacon and Nietzsche all employ significant variants of the Promethean mũthos in their philosophical works, and may be seen to personally identify with the figure of Prometheus, as an allegorical figure depicting the situation of the wise, particularly in relation to political power. This dissertation thus closely analyses the Promethean mũthos in order to cast light on the philosophical philanthrôpía and Promethean ambitions of Protagoras, Socrates and Plato, and to provide the basis for consideration of the same in Bacon and Nietzsche. Protagoras Socrates Plato Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626 Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 1844-1900 Prometheus (Greek deity) Charity Philosophers
32	重新理解柏拉圖之《泰鄂提得斯》篇 / Reunderstanding Theaetetus 林加恩, Lin, Chia En Unknown Date (has links) 本文試圖藉由梳理前人對於『泰鄂提得斯』篇之研究觀點，重新理解此篇談論知識的對話錄之意義。此文不採取過去對話錄間系統性的比較取徑，而專注於從此文本本身發掘柏拉圖所欲呈現之知識觀點。藉由帶出『助產術』、『普羅塔哥拉斯』、『偏題』等主題，配合重新閱讀原文『知識即感知』的知識定義的討論，呈現在對話錄中，對話者於追求知識過程中所經歷的種種心智轉變，進而描繪柏拉圖所刻畫之人與知識間的關係，凸顯此對話錄中『內化政治』的面向以及對話錄真正的核心關懷。與其說此對話錄意圖定義知識是什麼，不如說柏拉圖試圖傳遞一種心智教育的指引，來引領我們轉換跟知識追求活動間的關係。 / The aim of this thesis is to portray what may be the real spirit of the dialogue Theaetetus. While most of the researches focus on the systematic position of this dialogue, this dialogue seems to offer us less than it might do. While the midwifery and the digression are taken to be peripheral in other scholarly works, this thesis intends to bring out the connotation of these passages. Together with re-reading of the first part of the definition of knowledge, I tried to show the “inner-political” facet and the real concern of this dialogue. I suggest that, in Theaetetus, what we really get is not the result of a certain definition of knowledge; instead, what Plato tries to transmit is a mental-pedagogical guideline, informing us how to transform our relations with the pursuit of knowledge. 泰鄂提得斯助產術普羅塔哥拉斯偏題知識即感知 Theaetetus midwifery Protagoras digression knowledge is perception
33	Sobre a independência das três primeiras teses (151e-186e) no Teeteto de Platão. Silva, Marcílio Diniz da 18 June 2012 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:11:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1133897 bytes, checksum: c292af8c43f2a9ec87af7dcc4554c9af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dissertation concerns the problem of connection among the first three thesis in the platonic dialogue Theaetetus, that are 1) the thesis that says the epistēmē is aisthēsis (Theaetetus first answer to 'what is knowledge' question), 2) the Protagoras' thesis of the homo mensura and 3) the Fluxism thesis. We start exposing the connection problem among this thesis, defended by some authors as logically necessary (i.e. that the three thesis are really interconnected) and by others as not. Hereafter we examine the connection on the platonic text itself until the Protagoras' Defense (apologia Pratagorou) and its refutation (in 160e- 186e), towards a best understanding of the three thesis connection. At last, we finish our considerations and comments, arguing an answer on defensibility of the independence (considering that the thesis are not logically required one to another) of the three thesis. / A dissertação trata basicamente do problema da conexão entre as três primeiras teses apresentadas na primeira parte do diálogo platônico Teeteto, a saber 1) a tese de que epistēmē é aisthēsis, 2) a tese do homo mensura de Protágoras e 3) a tese do Fluxismo. Iniciamos expondo o problema de tal conexão entre as teses, considerada por alguns intérpretes como logicamente necessária e por outros como o contrário. Depois, passamos a expor a conexão platônica das três teses, partindo de várias considerações prévias e da introdução da problemática do diálogo; em seguida, analisamos a primeira refutação, a Defesa de Protágoras (DP) e por fim, a segunda refutação (ou seja, de 160e-186e), visando melhor compreender a relação entre as três teses apresentadas; e por último, encerramos nossas considerações e comentários, elaborando uma resposta em favor da defensabilidade da independência (considerando que as teses não são logicamente necessárias umas às outras) entre as três teses. Teeteto Espistêmê Aisthêsis Tese de Protágoras Fluxismo Defesa de Protágoras Três teses Theaetetus Espistêmê Aisthêsis Fluxism Defense of Protagoras Three thesis CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
34	Platonic Interpretation is Set in Wax, Not Stone: Evidence for a Developmentalist Reading of <i>Theaetetus</i> 151-187 Nelson, Andrew R. 13 June 2013 (has links) No description available. Classical Studies Philosophy Plato Unitarian Unitarianism Developmentalist Developmentalism Theaetetus Knowledge Perception Sense-impressions Heraclitus Protagoras Measure Doctrine Flux Locke Hume Platonic Interpretation Wax Empiricism
35	Knowledge of God in Philo of Alexandria with special reference to the Allegorical Commentary Ryu, Bobby Jang Sun January 2013 (has links) This thesis is a context-sensitive study of key epistemological commitments and concerns presented in Philo’s two series of exegetical writings. The major conclusion advanced in this thesis is that two theological epistemologies, distinct yet related, can be detected among these writings. The first epistemology is specific to the Allegorical Commentary. The second epistemology is specific to the ‘Exposition of the Law.’ The epistemology of the Allegorical Commentary reflects a threefold conviction: the sovereignty of God, the creaturely contingency of the human mind and its inescapable limitations. In conversation with key epistemological notions of his day, Philo develops this threefold conviction in exegetical discourses that are grounded in Pentateuchal texts portraying the God of Moses as both possessing epistemic authority and aiding the aspiring mind to gain purification and perfection in the knowledge of God. Guided by this threefold conviction, Philo enlists key metaphors of his day – initiation into divine mysteries and divine inspiration, among others –in order to capture something of the essence of Moses’ twofold way of ascending to the divine, an approach which requires at times the enhancement of human reason and at other times the eviction of human reason. The epistemology of the ‘Exposition’ reflects Philo’s understanding of the Pentateuch as a perfect whole partitioned into three distinct yet inseverable parts. Philo’s knowledge discourses in the ‘creation’ part of the ‘Exposition’ reflect two primary movements of thought. The first is heavily invested with a Platonic reading of Genesis 1.27 while the second invests Genesis 2.7 with a mixture of Platonic and Stoic notions of human transformation and well-being. Philo’s discourses in the ‘patriarchs’ segment reflect an interest in portraying the three great patriarchs as exemplars of the virtues of instruction (Abraham), nature (Isaac), and practice (Jacob) which featured prominently in Greek models of education. In the ‘Moses’ segment of the ‘Exposition,’ many of Philo’s discourses on knowledge are marked by an interest in presenting Moses as the ideal king, lawgiver, prophet and priest who surpasses Plato’s paradigm of the philosopher-king. In keeping with this view, Philo insists that the written laws of Moses represent the perfect counterpart to the unwritten law of nature. The life and laws of Moses serve as the paradigm for Philo to understand his own experiences of noetic ascent and exhort readers to cultivate similar aspirational notions and practices. 221.7
36	A justiça em Platão e a filosofia do direito Gonzaga, Alvaro Luiz Travassos de Azevedo 02 February 2007 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALVARO LUIZ TRAVASSOS DE AZEVEDO GONZAGA.pdf: 394187 bytes, checksum: c7fe350cb81c24acab2362c3498a25ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-02 / The present work intends to study the change in the platonic doctrine from the Young Dialogues to the Average Dialogues, concerning the Theory of the Cardinal Virtues (Justice, Moderation, Courage and Wisdom). We will analyze the unicity of the Virtues in Protagoras, as well as the possibility of their dissociation in The Republic. Still in The Republic, we shall explore how Justice is constructed in the idealistic platonic city. Finally, we will approach the possibility of the conflict between the soul and the acrasia / O presente trabalho predispõe-se a estudar a mudança da doutrina platônica, dos Diálogos Jovens para os Diálogos Médios, no que diz respeito à Teoria das Virtudes Cardinais (Justiça, Temperança, Coragem e Sabedoria). Analisaremos a unicidade das virtudes na obra Protágoras, bem como a possibilidade de sua separabilidade na obra A República. Ainda em A República, será estudado como se constrói a Justiça na cidade ideal platônica. Por fim, abordaremos a possibilidade do conflito da alma com a acrasia Justiça Teoria da Justiça Platão Sócrates Virtudes Protágoras República Unidade das Virtudes Platão Direito - Filosofia Justica Justice Theory of Justice Plato Socrates Virtues Protagoras Republic Unicity of the Virtues
37	Rhetoric in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: Healing Minds Through Argumentation Zsembery, Celeste Lloyd 13 March 2012 (has links) (PDF) The fields of psychology and rhetoric share the goal of improving human mental health and behavior through persuasion. This thesis traces the history of rhetoric and psychology theory, focusing on the parallel theories of Nienkamp's internal rhetoric and Herman's dialogical self. Both theories model the human mind as having multiple psyches that actively interact to interpret human experience and project human behavior. I conclude with a case study of anorexic patients using ethos, pathos, and logos in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), arguing that principles of rhetoric can help patients with mental disorders cognitively realign their thinking more effectively than drug treatments can. Anorexic Studies Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Dialectic Dialogical Self Eating Disorders Emotion Studies History of Rhetoric History of Psychology Internal Rhetoric Neuro-Rhetoric Protagoras Psychotherapy Self-Persuasion Talk Therapy English Language and Literature
38	Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics Bader, Daniel 14 February 2011 (has links) Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics examines the Platonic theory of craft and shows its application to different ethical problems in medicine, both ancient and modern. I begin by elucidating the Platonic use of the term “craft” or “technē”, using especially the paradigmatic craft of medicine, and explicate a number of important principles inherent in his use of the term. I then show how Plato’s framework of crafts can be applied to two ancient debates. First, I show how Plato’s understanding of crafts is used in discussing the definition of medicine, and how he deals with the issue of “bivalence”, that medicine seems to be capable of generating disease as well as curing it. I follow this discussion into Aristotle, who, though he has a different interpretation of bivalence, has a solution in many ways similar to Plato’s. Second, I discuss the relevance of knowledge to persuasion and freedom. Rhetors like Gorgias challenge the traditional connections of persuasion to freedom and force to slavery by characterizing persuasion as a type of force. Plato addresses this be dividing persuasion between sorcerous and didactic persuasion, and sets knowledge as the new criterion for freedom. Finally, I discuss three modern issues in medical ethics using a Platonic understanding of crafts: paternalism, conclusions in meta-analyses and therapeutic misconceptions in research ethics. In discussing paternalism, I argue that tools with multiple excellences, like the body, should not be evaluated independently of the uses to which the patient intends to put them. In discussing meta-analyses, I show how the division of crafts into goal-oriented and causal parts in the Phaedrus exposes the confusion inherent in saying that practical conclusions can follow directly from statistical results. Finally, I argue that authors like Franklin G. Miller and Howard Brody fail to recognize the hierarchical relationship between medical research and medicine when they argue that medical research ethics should be autonomous from medical ethics per se. Plato Medical Ethics Aristotle Techne Craft Rhetoric Contraries Predication Autonomy Paternalism Research Ethics Therapeutic Misconception Meta-Analysis Gorgias Laws Euthydemus Eleutheria Episteme Hippocrates Persuasion Bia Peitho Health Disease Measurement Metaphysics Phaedrus Privation Franklin G. Miller Education Informed Consent Freedom Lysias Hippias Minor Philebus Statesman Sophist Charmides Republic Protagoras Kolakeia Flattery Arche Essence Definition Suppliant Maidens Heraclidae Philoctetes Slavery Competition 0422
39	Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics Bader, Daniel 14 February 2011 (has links) Platonic Craft and Medical Ethics examines the Platonic theory of craft and shows its application to different ethical problems in medicine, both ancient and modern. I begin by elucidating the Platonic use of the term “craft” or “technē”, using especially the paradigmatic craft of medicine, and explicate a number of important principles inherent in his use of the term. I then show how Plato’s framework of crafts can be applied to two ancient debates. First, I show how Plato’s understanding of crafts is used in discussing the definition of medicine, and how he deals with the issue of “bivalence”, that medicine seems to be capable of generating disease as well as curing it. I follow this discussion into Aristotle, who, though he has a different interpretation of bivalence, has a solution in many ways similar to Plato’s. Second, I discuss the relevance of knowledge to persuasion and freedom. Rhetors like Gorgias challenge the traditional connections of persuasion to freedom and force to slavery by characterizing persuasion as a type of force. Plato addresses this be dividing persuasion between sorcerous and didactic persuasion, and sets knowledge as the new criterion for freedom. Finally, I discuss three modern issues in medical ethics using a Platonic understanding of crafts: paternalism, conclusions in meta-analyses and therapeutic misconceptions in research ethics. In discussing paternalism, I argue that tools with multiple excellences, like the body, should not be evaluated independently of the uses to which the patient intends to put them. In discussing meta-analyses, I show how the division of crafts into goal-oriented and causal parts in the Phaedrus exposes the confusion inherent in saying that practical conclusions can follow directly from statistical results. Finally, I argue that authors like Franklin G. Miller and Howard Brody fail to recognize the hierarchical relationship between medical research and medicine when they argue that medical research ethics should be autonomous from medical ethics per se. Plato Medical Ethics Aristotle Techne Craft Rhetoric Contraries Predication Autonomy Paternalism Research Ethics Therapeutic Misconception Meta-Analysis Gorgias Laws Euthydemus Eleutheria Episteme Hippocrates Persuasion Bia Peitho Health Disease Measurement Metaphysics Phaedrus Privation Franklin G. Miller Education Informed Consent Freedom Lysias Hippias Minor Philebus Statesman Sophist Charmides Republic Protagoras Kolakeia Flattery Arche Essence Definition Suppliant Maidens Heraclidae Philoctetes Slavery Competition 0422
40	A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity Tyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links) American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil. natural law theory legal positivism HLA Hart William Blackstone John Locke Jeremy Bentham John Austin Galileo Socrates Trotsky Athens Soviet law Stuart dynasty John Dewey Dewey Commission Sidney Hook Congregation of the Holy Office Galileo Affair trial of Socrates Moscow Trials trial of Galileo heresy trial of Trotsky reason autonomy consent philosophy of law pragmatism Kant Inquisition ostracism Anaxagoras Protagoras Alcibiades Arginusae Pericles Peloponnesian War Solon Ephialtes Apology Plato Herodotus Xenophon Plutarch Roscoe Pound common law Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. The Common Law The Path of the Law Learned Hand Christopher Columbus Langdell Ronald Dworkin Lon Fuller Lenin Stalin King Rex Sergei Kirov Permanent Revolution Socialism in One Country Great Terror Dekulakization Holomodor Terror Famine Italian positivist school Harold J. Berman Gustav Radbruch Ramon Mercader Trotsky assassination Marteman Ryutin Old Bolsheviks Genrikh Yagoda Pope Urban VIII Walter Duranty Harold Denny New York Times Joseph E. Davies Mission to Moscow New Republic John F. Finerty Lev Sedov Military Collegium Vasili Ulrikh Gaspare Borgia Cardinal Robert Bellarmine Pericles Father Commissary Michelangelo Segizzi Cardinal Francesco Barberini Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Siderius Nuncius Starry Messenger Accademia dei Lincei Letters on Sunspots Friar Tommaso Caccini Niccolo Lorini Commentaries on the Laws of England Second Treatise on Civil Government Henry de Bracton Sir Edward Coke Sir John Fortescue Matthew Hale Ranulf de Glanvil James I Charles I James II Charles II ship money forest fines distraint of knighthood impositions dispensing power royal prerogative Duke of Buckingham Oliver Cromwell Bishops Wars William Prynne Great Migration Declaration of Indulgence Settlement Act Test Act Protectorate Clarendon Code Quaker Act William and Mary English Civil War Puritan Revolution Glorious Revolution Thirty Years' War Earl of Shaftesbuty William Laud Historiomatrix Long Parliament Rump Parliament Barebones Parliament sociological jurisprudence Red Terror war communism New Economic Policy 1926 Criminal Code Kirov Amendments judicial discretion semantic sting The Concept of Law Fragments on Government The Province of Jurisprudence Determined A Fragment on Government Anarchical Fallacies primary rules secondary rules rule of recognition legal validity internal point of view external point of view law as prediction the bad man perspective on law life of the law page of history Basilikon Doron Trew Law of Free Monarchies

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