La réforme du Diplôme d’Etat d’Assistant de Service Social (DEASS) de juin 2004 notifie le travail en réseau dans les référentiels d’activités, de compétences, de formation et de certification. Cette évolution reconnaît le travail en réseau comme étant pleinement associé à la profession et lui confère le double statut de démarche à mettre en place dans l’exercice professionnel et de contenu de formation à intégrer.Le travail en réseau devient de fait reconnu en tant que compétence professionnelle et l’étendue sémantique du terme « réseau » autant que ses déclinaisons protéiformes interrogent les perceptions des Assistants de Service Social quant à sa définition, son opportunité, ses conditions de mise en oeuvre dans l’exercice des missions et le positionnement des différents professionnels concernés.L’étude des représentations sociales d’Assistants de Service Social en poste dans des secteurs d’intervention différents est au coeur de notre travail de recherche. La thèse vise à déterminer le schéma représentationnel de ces professionnels sur le travail en réseau pour préciser le rapport qu’ils entretiennent avec cette démarche de coopération et préciser l’impact de sa reconnaissance référentielle sur l’identité professionnelle. / The 2004 reform of the national diploma (DEASS) insists on the necessity of a joined work in many ways from skills to reference activities, training and graduating. Such an evolution acknowledges the fact that social work is a multi-faced job with at least two essential aspects: the setting of a process for the profession and the training of social workers.Therefore, working within a network becomes a professional skill. The many definitions of the word “network” calls in many ways into question the social workers’ perception of working within a network job: defining its role, its appropriateness, and the way they perceive the other actors.This dissertation aims at focusing on the social representations of social workers concerning the link between network and the specificity of their job and then insist on the impact of the 2004 reform on the professional identity.

This study investigates indirect translations translated from Bengali source texts to Swedish target texts via English intermediary texts by comparing Pedersen’s (2011) Extralinguistic Cultural References in coupled pairs from all three languages. The purpose of this study is to examine how indirect translations differ from direct translations and to discern whether there are specific translation strategies that translators use when transferring Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) from a third language. The results were analyzed with a perspective based on translation norms, previous research into indirect translation, and the concept of foreignization/domestication in mind. The results show that an indirect translation can be closer to the original source text than the intermediary text it was based on in the first place. This was demonstrated with the Swedish TTs displaying more source-oriented transfer strategies compared to the English ITs, which displayed a higher amount of target-oriented strategies used by the translators. An unexpected finding was noted in the analysis material, namely that misunderstandings or deviations present in the ITs were not necessarily transferred to the TTs, which goes against previous research into indirect translations (cf. Dollerup 2000; Tegelberg 2011; Ringmar 2016). This supports similar results as found in Adler (2016) and Hekkanen (2014). In conclusion, the results suggest that the tendency of high-prestige literature resulting in adequate translations would be stronger than the tendency of indirect translations resulting in acceptable translations in the context of the Swedish target system. The source-oriented strategies in the TTs could also be seen as resistancy to target norms by the translators to create foreignizing translations.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão sobre uma prática de estimulação através de atividades lúdicas, realizada com grupos de crianças que apresentavam um sintoma de dificuldade de atenção em atividades escolares. A pesquisa teórica teve por finalidade buscar bases para fundamentar o trabalho, considerando-se as referências culturais da atualidade e as influências que o diálogo e a relação de identificação com os profissionais envolvidos proporcionaram a essas crianças. Atenção e a falta dela foram os focos desta pesquisa. / [en] This dissertation presents a reflection on the practice of stimulation through play activities, conducted with groups of children who presented a lack of attention as a common symptom in school activities. The theoretical research aimed to seek bases to support a group work with children, considering the current cultural references and influences that dialogue and relationship identification with the professionals involved have provided to these children. Attention and the lack of it were the focus of this research.

O presente trabalho trata das referências musicais de alunos da rede pública na cidade de São Paulo. A partir de um levantamento que envolveu 1.482 estudantes de cinco escolas estaduais, buscamos observar se os professores reconhecem estes componentes da cultura jovem, isto é, se sabem o que é, se respeitam e se já utilizaram ou entendem que é possível fazer uso de tais referências no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo se localiza no campo de convergência entre a Comunicação e a Educação e é pautado pela ideia de que as canções e artistas, como elementos que circulam em dado estrato social, podem ser utilizados na mediação das relações humanas, por meio do posicionamento crítico, que dê condições aos indivíduos de exercer sua autonomia, de construir o conhecimento na negociação de sentidos e na compreensão de que o processo de ensino-aprendizagem se estrutura na reciprocidade. Os instrumentos de pesquisa aplicados aos educandos foram o questionário e a observação direta. As informações obtidas nesta primeira etapa passaram por processo de organização e análise para posterior utilização em grupos de discussão promovidos com os educadores. Também foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e levantamento bibliográfico. Os resultados apontam que a grande maioria dos indivíduos que compõem a amostra mantém relação estreita com a música. O barateamento das tecnologias digitais e a proliferação de smartphones alteraram as formas de interação com os artistas e do consumo das canções, que se tornaram mais individuais, customizadas e móveis. Um dos impactos diretos das transformações é o crescimento da circulação dos conteúdos disponibilizados pelas mídias na escola e, inclusive, na sala de aula. Os professores, por sua vez, revelam um baixo reconhecimento a respeito das práticas de escuta dos estudantes: sabem pouco e demonstram relativo respeito em relação aos hits, aos compositores, grupos, cantores e intérpretes que fazem sucesso nas turmas em que dão aula. Além disso, as experiências de utilização destes produtos culturais como suporte pedagógico são pontuais. Entre os motivos para o fenômeno, está a aceleração social do tempo, que amplia as exigências pelo contínuo lançamento de produtos novos e cada vez mais perecíveis, assim como limita a possibilidade dos docentes de se manterem atualizados, uma vez que eles já têm de lidar com as pressões diárias de sua vida pessoal e profissional. / The work presented herein with the musical references of public school students in the city of São Paulo. We have conducted a survey with 1,482 students, from five \"Estate schools\" (Sao Paulo\'s Estate administered schools), in which we sought to observe if the teachers brought to their attention and cognition, the recognizing of these musical reference components prevalent on the youth culture, that is, whether they know what they are, whether they respect and whether they have already used or understand that it is possible to use such references in the teaching-learning process. The study is located in the field of convergence between Communication and Education and is guided by the idea that songs and artists, as elements circulating in a given social stratum, can be used in the mediation of human relations, with the aid of critical self-positioning to support the conditions necessary for individuals to exert their autonomy, in order to build the knowledge while in the negotiating of the senses, and in the comprehension that the teaching/learning process structures itself in reciprocity. The research instruments applied to the students were a questionnaire and simply the direct observation were the tools used to determine the results of this research. The information obtained in this first stage went through a process of organization and analysis for later use in discussion groups promoted to educators. Individual interviews and bibliographic surveys were also carried out. The results indicate that the great majority of the individuals that have a close relationship with music. The cheapening of digital technologies and the proliferation of smartphones have altered the forms of interaction with the artists and the consumption of the songs, which have become more individual, customized and mobile. A direct impact of these transformations can be seen in the growth of content circulation made available by the media in schools, and classrooms. Teachers, on the other hand, show a low level of recognizing their student\'s listening practices: little they know of it, and the respect they show is relative to how little they know of the hits and personalities which are successful amongst their students. In addition, the experiences of using these elements as a pedagogical tool are timely. Among the reasons for the phenomenon is the social acceleration of time, which expands the demands for the continuous launch of new and increasingly perishable products, and limits the possibilities for teachers to keep up to date, since they already have to deal with the daily pressures of their personal and professional life.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-27T15:38:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 influencia_imagens.pdf: 14682107 bytes, checksum: dc2cff25918154d890f4213f219ac205 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T15:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 influencia_imagens.pdf: 14682107 bytes, checksum: dc2cff25918154d890f4213f219ac205 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Uma das principais características do conceito de Design Estratégico utilizado nesta pesquisa é o uso de um método de projeto que propõe uma etapa denominada metaprojeto - um espaço para discussão do problema de design. Nesta etapa, utliza-se um tipo especial de pesquisa chamado Pesquisa Blue Sky. Esta é composta essencialmente de referências visuais externas ao contexto do que se está projetando, e busca revelar tendências e apresentar estímulos úteis para o projeto. Na presente investigação busca-se refletir sobre o papel de imagens não relacionadas ao problema de projeto - referências indiretas - como fontes de inspiração no processo criativo de design. Para tanto se aborda a questão do problema de projeto mal estruturado e o seu processo de resolução; o pensamento criativo; e o uso da imagem como referência. É proposto um método de pesquisa de caráter exploratório que inclui o desenvolvimento de lincográficos e visa avaliar como estas imagens específicas são utilizadas durante o processo projetual. Apresentam-se indícios que o uso de imagens indiretas auxilia na formulação de ideias mais conceituais por aumentar o tempo de reflexão dos indivíduos sobre o problema e sobre a solução. / One of the main characteristics of the Strategic Design concept adopted in this research is the use of a design method that proposes a stage called metadesign - a space for discussion of the design problem. At this stage, a special type of tool is used, called Blue Sky research. It is essentially composed by visual references, that are external to the design context, and reveals trends and offers useful stimuli in the project. The purpose of this investigation is to reflect about the role of images not directly related to the design problems - indirect references - as inspiration sources for the creative design process. To do so, several aspects are reviewed, such as the "Wicked problem" and it's solution process; creative process; and usage of images as reference. A exploratory research, which includes the development of linkographs, is proposed in order to evaluate how these specific images are used during the project process. Evidence is presented, showing that indirect references help the formulation of conceptual ideas, by increasing the reflection time of the individuals about the problem and about the solution.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-03T14:54:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Rodrigues de Oliveira_.pdf: 1362296 bytes, checksum: 487da756b68c0545f7af4eff93ac8240 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T14:54:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Rodrigues de Oliveira_.pdf: 1362296 bytes, checksum: 487da756b68c0545f7af4eff93ac8240 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho se propõe a pensar a crise das referências como um pressuposto por onde se localiza uma problemática contemporânea de fundamentação ética. Tendo por base a reflexão sobre o niilismo, o que se pretende é entender como se deu o processo de enfraquecimento da tradição de pensamento moral na visão ocidental, diagnosticada pelo pensador Friedrich Nietzsche, como desvalorização dos valores supremos. Este trabalho contemplará diretamente o pensamento do filósofo alemão; contudo, manter-se-á numa leitura construída sob a ótica do filosofo jesuíta francês Paul Valadier, cujas obras nos convidam a compreender o problema do niilismo, tendo como perspectiva central uma avaliação que se desdobra em uma análise a respeito da crise valores e suas consequências para o mundo contemporâneo. Para o autor francês, a partir dos avanços da racionalidade científica com o advento da era moderna, as tradições foram postas em causa, interrogadas ou mesmo recusadas. Com isso, instala-se a impossibilidade de respostas às questões morais que se apresentam, uma vez que o ser humano passa a ser o responsável por definir seu agir e seu pensar no mundo. O resultado disso é o surgimento do relativismo moral que se instala como consequência do processo de anarquia dos valores, na condição de ausência do princípio de ordenação e hierarquização destes, originários da concepção de sentido e de mundo ordenado, antes provenientes das tradições. Por isso, faz-se perceber a importância de Nietzsche. Para Valadier, não há dúvida de que o filósofo alemão contribuiu mais do que muitos para este abalo moral. Daí que o diagnóstico nietzschiano seja tomado neste trabalho considerando-se sua relevância por vários aspectos: tanto no que concerne à crítica dos valores, à moral cristã, quando pela importância dada ao método genealógico pelo qual se torna possível compreender os fatores que levaram a tradição perder sua força de atuação, quando é revelado o seu sentido niilista escondido sob os valores considerados mais supremos. / This paper proposes to think the crisis of references as an assumption by where is a contemporary issue of ethical reasoning. Based on the reflection on nihilism, the aim is to understand how was the weakening of the moral tradition of thought in Western view, previously diagnosed from the thinker Friedrich Nietzsche, as devaluation of the highest values. This work directly contemplate the thought of German philosopher; however, will remain in a reading built from the perspective of the French Jesuit philosopher Paul Valadier, whose works invite us to understand the nihilism of the problem, with the central perspective an assessment that unfolds in an analysis about the crisis and its values consequences for the contemporary world. The French author, from the advances of scientific rationality with the advent of the modern era, the traditions have been challenged, questioned, or even rejected. With this, install the impossibility of answers to moral questions that arise, since the human being becomes responsible for defining their actions and their thinking in the world. The result is the emergence of moral relativism that develops as a consequence of the process of anarchy of values, provided that the absence of the ordering principle and ranking of these originating in design sense, orderly world, but from the traditions. In this sense, is made to realize the importance of Nietzsche. To Valadier, there is no doubt that the German philosopher contributed more than many for this moral shock. Hence Nietzsche's diagnosis is taken in this work considering their relevance for various aspects: both as regards the criticism of values, Christian morality, when the importance given to genealogical method by which it becomes possible to understand the factors that led to tradition lose its force of action, when it is revealed its nihilistic sense hidden under the values considered most supreme.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Augusto dos Santos.pdf: 7672381 bytes, checksum: 877d36fee25a0fb728ec4829cc8a2cab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research document presents data on a curriculum change process developed to define common formation references to undergraduate courses of the same formative area in a private University. It aimed at identifying the aspects which characterize such processes, developed in order to foster positive results despite the challenge to acquiesce to the demands of official documents, the Institution s financial sustainability, and the improvement of academic formation processes. To unveil this research object, surveys were carried out in order to theoretically subsidize the construction of the research problem and of a theoretical framework on curriculum innovation, curriculum, subjects and their development process, environment, group, and educational management and to practically subsidize the process of understanding how the curriculum change process to be described and analyzed went about, as well as the identification of some of the obtained results and of the aspects which characterized the process. In the course of field data collection, it was possible to identify that the studied process was developed with the full participation of the IESP s internal Community and that the process steps were marked by moments of collective construction directed to the establishment of operational modes and guidelines which would guide changes compatible with the culture and the concrete conditions of the institution and to the establishment and/or maintenance of a favorable institutional environment to implement such changes. Positive results were identified with the development of the process in the data obtained from the documental analysis and the interviews with the course coordinators the research subjects. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to conclude that there are aspects of curriculum change processes that are configured as recommended to characterize them, which are a set of guiding principles to gauge the development of these processes regarding its general design, the understanding of what curriculum is, the way the research participants, the ones subject to change, are to be considered, and the aspects related to environment and group functionality , to educational management and to the manner in which the activities linked to the process of curriculum change are to be developed / O presente documento de pesquisa expressa dados sobre um processo de mudança curricular desenvolvido para a definição de referenciais formativos comuns a cursos de graduação de uma mesma área formativa, em uma universidade privada, dentre os quais se buscou identificar os aspectos que caracterizam processos dessa natureza, desenvolvidos com o intuito de favorecer a obtenção de resultados positivos diante do desafio de considerar o atendimento de demandas oficiais, a sustentabilidade financeira da Instituição e o aprimoramento acadêmico dos processos formativos. Para desvelar esse objeto de estudo, foram realizados levantamentos: no âmbito teórico, para subsidiar a construção do problema de pesquisa e de uma fundamentação teórica sobre inovação curricular, currículo, sujeito e seu processo de desenvolvimento, meio, grupo e gestão educacional; e em campo, para subsidiar o processo de compreensão de como se deu o processo de mudança curricular a ser descrito e analisado, bem como a identificação de alguns dos resultados obtidos e dos aspectos que caracterizaram o processo. No decorrer do levantamento de dados em campo, identificou-se que o processo estudado foi desenvolvido com a participação efetiva de sua comunidade interna, possuindo etapas marcadas por momentos de construção coletiva, na direção de serem estabelecidos modos operacionais e diretrizes norteadoras das mudanças compatíveis com a cultura e as condições concretas da Instituição e na direção de ser instaurado e/ou preservado um clima institucional favorável à realização de mudanças. Identificaram-se, também, resultados positivos obtidos com o desenvolvimento do processo, tanto nos dados produzidos com a análise documental, quanto nos apurados a partir das entrevistas com os coordenadores de curso sujeitos da pesquisa. Em decorrência dos dados consolidados com a realização da pesquisa, foi possível concluir que existem aspectos de processos de mudança curricular que se configuram como aconselháveis para caracterizá-los, que se constituem em um conjunto de referenciais norteadores para balizar o desenvolvimento desses processos, no que se refere: ao seu delineamento geral, ao entendimento do que venha a ser currículo, à forma de considerar os sujeitos participantes da mudança, aos aspectos relativos ao meio e ao funcionamento de grupos, à gestão educacional e à forma de se desenvolver as atividades vinculadas ao processo de mudança curricular

Dans le cadre de la synthèse de haut niveau (SHN), qui permet d'extraire un modèle structural à partir d'un modèle algorithmique, nous proposons des solutions pour opti- miser l'accès et le transfert de données du matériel cible. Une méthodologie d'exploration de l'espace des architectures mémoire possibles a été mise au point. Cette méthodologie trouve un compromis entre la quantité de mémoire interne utilisée et les performances temporelles du matériel généré. Deux niveau d'optimisation existe : 1. Une optimisation architecturale, qui consiste à créer une hiérarchie mémoire, 2. Une optimisation algorithmique, qui consiste à partitionner la totalité des données manipulées pour stocker en interne seulement celles qui sont utiles dans l'immédiat. Pour chaque répartition possible, nous résolvons le problème de l'ordonnancement des calculs et de mapping des données. À la fin, nous choisissons la ou les solutions pareto. Nous proposons un outil, front-end de la SHN, qui est capable d'appliquer l'optimisation algorithmique du point 2 à un algorithme de traitement d'image spécifié par l'utilisateur. L'outil produit en sortie un modèle algorithmique optimisé pour la SHN, en customisant une architecture générique.

In this work, programmable analog techniques using floating-gate transistors have been developed to design precision analog circuits, low-power signal processing primitives and adaptive systems that learn on-chip. Traditional analog implementations lack programmability with the result that issues such as mismatch are corrected at the expense of area. Techniques have been proposed that use floating-gate transistors as an integral part of the circuit of interest to provide both programmability and the ability to correct for mismatch. Traditionally, signal processing has been performed in the digital domain with analog circuits handling the interface with the outside world. Such a partitioning of responsibilities is inefficient as signal processing involves repeated multiplication and addition operations that are both very power efficient in the analog domain. Using programmable analog techniques, fundamental signal processing primitives such as multipliers have been developed in a low-power fashion while preserving accuracy. This results in a paradigm shift in signal processing. A co-operative analog/digital signal processing framework is now possible such that the partitioning of tasks between the analog and digital domains is performed in a power efficient manner. Complex signal processing tasks such as adaptive filtering that learn the weight coefficients are implemented by exploiting the non-linearities inherent with floating-gate programming. The resulting floating-gate synapses are compact, low-power and offer the benefits of non-volatile weight storage. In summary, this research involves developing techniques for improving analog circuit performance and in developing power-efficient techniques for signal processing and on-chip learning.

Bandgap reference circuits are used in a host of analog, digital, and mixed-signal systems to establish an accurate voltage standard for the entire IC. The accuracy of the bandgap reference voltage under steady-state (dc) and transient (ac) conditions is critical to obtain high system performance. In this work, the impact of process, power-supply, load, and temperature variations and package stresses on the dc and ac accuracy of bandgap reference circuits has been analyzed. Based on this analysis, the a bandgap reference that 1. has high dc accuracy despite process and temperature variations and package stresses, without resorting to expensive trimming or noisy switching schemes, 2. has high dc and ac accuracy despite power-supply variations, without using large off-chip capacitors that increase bill-of-material costs, 3. has high dc and ac accuracy despite load variations, without resorting to error-inducing buffers, 4. is capable of producing a sub-bandgap reference voltage with a low power-supply, to enable it to operate in modern, battery-operated portable applications, 5. utilizes a standard CMOS process, to lower manufacturing costs, and 6. is integrated, to consume less board space has been proposed. The functionality of critical components of the system has been verified through prototypes after which the performance of the complete system has been evaluated by integrating all the individual components on an IC. The proposed CMOS bandgap reference can withstand 5mA of load variations while generating a reference voltage of 890mV that is accurate with respect to temperature to the first order. It exhibits a trimless, dc 3-sigma accuracy performance of 0.84% over a temperature range of -40°C to 125°C and has a worst case ac power-supply ripple rejection (PSRR) performance of 30dB up to 50MHz using 60pF of on-chip capacitance. All the proposed techniques lead to the development of a CMOS bandgap reference that meets the low-cost, high-accuracy demands of state-of-the-art System-on-Chip environments.