Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:46:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O PROCESSO DE CESSACAO DO FUMAR.pdf: 771639 bytes, checksum: f32eb6cc8b3677e2e4834d559fc48d7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-05 / This study aims to understand how individuals live and elaborate the stopping smoking process in their social contexts, beginning with former-smokers' experiences. The smokers go through motivational stages, until they manage to stop smoking, which for some can be a short time while for others, takes years. The stage change is influenced by several factors. It can be seen, among these, that the stopping smoking stage occurs due to present forces in the societies which aim to control tabaccoism, as well as, from cultural factors that promote smoking abstention indirectly. This last one being attributed, to the fact that tabaccoism as a practice does suit the current conceptions of health, beauty and well being. A qualitative study with carried out on individuals that had stopped smoking for at least one year and were being attended by the Prevention State Reference and Tabaccoism Treatment Center (CREPTT). 17 subjects (11 women and 6 men) with ages ranging from 36 to 71 years were interviewed. The empiric data obtained from interviews from former smokers were analyzed according to Content Thematic Analysis and interpreted according to the Social Representations Theory. The most important considerations are as follows: stopping smoking was shown to be an awareness process of perceiving tabaccoism as a problem of the individual and the people close to him or her. Factors related to the body and social coexistence contributed to the search for recovery from tabaccoism. The experience links, interpreted as abstinence supports, were the interpersonal network of relatives, professionals and treatment group colleagues, contact with former-smokers, determination and faith. Tabaccoism abstention was associated to changes. These changes, were perceived as conditions for a better life. Tabaccoism abstention by the former-smokers of this study is seen, to be the condition, among others, of feeling healthier, with a better physical appearance and social acceptance. / Este estudo visa a compreender como os indivíduos vivenciam e elaboram o processo de cessação de fumar em seus contextos sociais, a partir da experiência de ex-fumantes. Os tabagistas passam por estágios motivacionais, até conseguirem deixar de fumar, o que, para alguns, pode levar pouco tempo; para outros, a cessação poderá se dar em alguns anos. A mudança de estágio é influenciada por vários fatores. Dentre eles, o estágio de cessação de fumar decorre da ação de forças presentes nas sociedades que buscam controlar o tabagismo, como também por fatores culturais que promovem indiretamente a abstenção do fumar. Esse fato ocorre por ser tabagismo uma prática que não se coaduna com as atuais concepções de saúde, beleza e bem-estar. A pesquisa desenvolve um estudo qualitativo com indivíduos que deixaram de fumar há pelo menos um ano e estavam em acompanhamento no Centro de Referência Estadual de Prevenção e Tratamento do Tabagismo (CREPTT). Foram entrevistados 17 sujeitos (11 mulheres e 6 homens), com idades que variam entre 36 a 71 anos. Os dados empíricos obtidos a partir dos discursos dos informantes foram analisados segundo a Análise Temática de Conteúdo e interpretados com aporte da Teoria das Representações Sociais. As conclusões mais importantes são as seguintes: a cessação de fumar evidenciou-se como um processo decorrente da tomada de consciência do tabagismo como um problema para o próprio indivíduo e para as pessoas próximas a ele. Fatores relacionados com o corpo e a convivência social contribuíram para que buscassem a recuperação do tabagismo. Os elos de experiência, interpretados como apoios para a abstinência, foram as redes interpessoais constituídas por familiares, profissionais e colegas do grupo de tratamento, contatos com ex-fumantes, sua determinação e fé. A abstenção do tabagismo foi associada a mudanças. Essas mudanças foram percebidas como condições para uma vida melhor. A abstenção do tabagismo é vista pelos ex-fumantes sujeitos deste estudo como uma condição, dentre outras, para se sentirem mais saudáveis, com melhor aparência física e aceitos socialmente.

Soit G un groupe algébrique semi-simple sur un corps de caractéristique 0. Ce mémoire discute d'un théorème d'annulation de la cohomologie supérieure du faisceau D des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété de drapeaux de G. On démontre que si P est un sous-groupe parabolique de G, alors H^i(G/P,D)=0 pour tout i>0. On donne en fait trois preuves indépendantes de ce théorème. La première preuve est de Hesselink et n'est valide que dans le cas où le sous-groupe parabolique est un sous-groupe de Borel. Elle utilise un argument de suites spectrales et le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. La seconde preuve est de Kempf et n'est valide que dans le cas où le radical unipotent de P agit trivialement sur son algèbre de Lie. Elle n'utilise que le théorème de Borel-Weil-Bott. Enfin, la troisième preuve est attribuée à Elkik. Elle est valide pour tout sous-groupe parabolique mais utilise le théorème de Grauert-Riemenschneider. On présente aussi une construction détaillée du faisceau des opérateurs différentiels sur une variété. / Let G be a semisimple algebraic group on a field of characteristic 0. This thesis discusses a vanishing theorem for the higher cohomology of the sheaf D of differential operators on a flag variety of G. We show that if P is a parabolic subgroup of G, then H^i(G/P,D)=0 for all i>0. In fact, we give three independent proofs of this theorem. The first proof, due to Hesselink, only works if the parabolic subgroup P is a Borel subgroup. It uses a spectral sequence argument as well as the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. The second proof, due to Kempf, only works if the unipotent radical of P acts trivially on its Lie algebra. It only uses the Borel-Weil-Bott theorem. Finally, the third proof, due to Elkik, is valid for any parabolic subgroup. However, it uses the Grauert-Riemenschneider theorem. We also present a detailled construction of the sheaf of differential operators on a variety.

Ce mémoire étudie la théorie de la représentation des algèbres de Temperley-Lieb à couture Bn,k (β) et plus particulièrement la famille exceptionnelle des algèbres à couture Bn,l (β). Les algèbres à couture sont paramétrées par deux entiers positifs et un paramètre complexe q ∈ ℂˣ tel que β = q + q⁻¹. La famille Bn,l (β) fait intervenir un entier positif l satisfaisant q²ˡ = 1. Les algèbres à couture ont été introduites par Morin-Duchesne, Rasmussen et Ridout et elles ont été étudiés par Langlois-Rémillard et Saint-Aubin lorsqu'elles ne font pas partie d'une certaine famille dite exceptionnelle. Il a été souligné par Morin-Duchesne, Rasmussen et Ridout que la famille manquante nécessiterait probablement une analyse particulière. Ce mémoire a comme objectif d'introduire des outils servant au traitement de la famille manquante. Plus particulièrement, en réinterprétant les relations définissant les algèbres à couture, l'algèbre Bn,l (β) est identifiée à un quotient de l'algèbre à une frontière par un idéal nilpotent engendré par un élément généralisant les projecteurs de Wenzl-Jones. / This thesis studies the representation theory of the Temperley-Lieb seam algebras Bn,k (β), more specifically the exceptionnal family of seam algebras Bn,l (β). The seam algebras are parametrized by two positive integers and one complex parameter q ∈ ℂˣ such that β = q + q⁻¹. The family Bn,l (β) involves a positive integer l satisfying q²ˡ = 1. The seam algebras were introduced by Morin-Duchesne, Rasmussen and Ridout and they were studied by Langlois-Rémillard and Saint-Aubin when they are not part of a particular case which is called exceptionnal. It was highlighted by Morin-Duchesne, Rasmussen and Ridout that the missing cases would probably need a separate analysis. This thesis has the objective of introducing tools which render the study of those missing cases possible. More specifically, by reinterpreting the defining relations of the seam algebras, the algebras Bn,l (β) are redefined as a quotient of the one boundary algebras by a nilpotent ideal generated by an element which generalises the Wenzl-Jones projectors.

Botaniska bilder har varit en viktig del inom medicin och vetenskap sedan antiken och de har fortfarande en etablerad plats i vårt samhälle i form av floror, faunor och annat utbildningsmaterial. Den stora förändringen som skett är övergången från teckningar till fotografier och i denna uppsats tittar jag närmare på hur samtida botaniska bilder är uppbyggda och jämför teckningar och illustrationer ur perspektivet visuell kommunikation. Jag använder en kvalitativ innehållsanalys kodad med nyckelord hämtade från bland annat kognitionsteori och representationsteori. Resultatet tyder på att valet av medieform är mindre avgörande ur ett visuellt kommunikativt perspektiv och att medieformerna delar samma styrkor och svagheter. / Botanical images have been an important part of medicine and science since ancient times and they still have an established place in our society in the form of flora, fauna and other educational materials. The big change that has taken place is the transition from drawings to photographs and in this essay I take a closer look at how contemporary botanical images are structured and compare drawings and illustrations from the perspective of visual communication. I use a qualitative content analysis coded with keywords taken from, among other things, cognitive theory and representation theory. The results indicate that the choice of media form is less decisive from a visual communicative perspective and that the media forms share the same strengths and weaknesses.

Les masures ont été introduites en 2008 par Gaussent et Rousseau afin d’étudier les groupes de Kac-Moody sur les corps locaux. Elles généralisent les immeubles de Bruhat-Tits. Dans cette thèse, j’étudie d’une part les propriétés des masures et d’autre part leurs applications en arithmétique et en théorie des représentations. Rousseau a donné une définition axiomatique des masures, inspirée par la définition de Tits des immeubles de Bruhat-Tits. Je propose une axiomatique plus simple et plus agréable à manipuler et je montre que mon axiomatique est équivalente à celle de Rousseau.Nous étudions (en collaboration avec Ramla Abdellatif) les algèbres de Hecke sphériques et d’Iwahori-Hecke introduites par Bardy-Panse, Gaussent et Rousseau. Nous démontrons que contrairement au cas réductif, le centre de leur algèbre d’Iwahori-Hecke est quasiment trivial, et n’est en particulier pas isomorphe à l’algèbre de Hecke sphérique. Nous introduisons donc une algèbre d’Iwahori-Hecke complétée, dont le centre est isomorphe à l’algèbre de Hecke sphérique. Nous associons aussi des algèbres de Hecke à des faces sphériques comprises entre 0 et l’alcôve fondamentale de la masure,généralisant la construction de Bardy-Panse, Gaussent et Rousseau de l’algèbre d’Iwahori-Hecke.La formule de Gindikin-Karpelevich est une formule importante dans la théorie des groupes réductifs sur les corps locaux. Récemment, Braverman,Garland, Kazhdan, et Patnaik ont généralisé cette formule au cas des groupes de Kac-Moody affines. Une partie importante de leur preuve consiste à montrer que cette formule est bien définie, c’est à dire que les nombres intervenants dans cette formule, qui sont les cardinaux de certains sous groupes de quotients du groupe étudié sont bien finis. Je démontre cette finitude dans le cas des groupes de Kac-Moody généraux. J’étudie aussi les distances sur une masure. Je montre qu’on ne peux pas avoir de distance ayant les mêmes propriétés que dans le cas réductif. Je construis des distances ayant des propriétés moins forte mais qui semblent intéressantes. / Masures were introduced in 2008 by Gaussent and Rousseau in order to study Kac-Moody groups over local fields. They generalize Bruhat-Tits buildings. In this thesis, I study the properties of masures and the application of the theory of masures in arithmetic and representation theory. Rousseau gave an axiomatic of masures, inspired by the definition by Tits of Bruhat-Tits buildings. I propose an axiomatic, which is simpler and easyer to handle and I prove that my axiomatic is equivalent to the one of Rousseau. We study (in collaboration with Ramla Abdellatif) the spherical and Iwahori-Hecke algebras introduced by Bardy-Panse, Gaussent and Rousseau. We prove that on the contrary to the reductive case, the center of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra is almost trivial and is in particular not isomorphic to the spherical Hecke algebra. We thus introduce a completed Iwahori-Hecke algebra, whose center is isomorphic to the spherical Hecke algebra. We also associate Hecke algebras to spherical faces between 0 and the fundamental alcove of the masure, generalizing the construction of Bardy-Panse, Gaussent and Rousseau of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra.The Gindikin-Karpelevich formula is an important formula in the theory of reductive groups over local fields. Recently, Braverman, Garland, Kazhdanand Patnaik generalized this formula to the case of affine Kac-Moody groups. An important par of their prove consists in proving that this formula iswell-defined, which means that the numbers involved in this formula, which are the cardinals of certain subgroup of quotients of the studied subgroupare finite. I prove this finiteness in the case of general Kac-Moody groups.I also study distances on a masure. I prove that there is no distance having the same properties as in the reductive case. I construct distances having weaker properties, but which seem interesting.

No description available.

Ce mémoire porte sur la théorie des représentations de l’algèbre quantique Uqsl2 en q une racine de l’unité. Il étudie plus précisément certains modules de l’algèbre LUqsl2, l’extension de Lusztig de Uqsl2, lorsque q² est une p-racine primitive de l’unité pour p un entier supérieur ou égal à 2. Quatre familles de LUqsl2-modules de dimension finie, qualifiés de modules remarquables, sont identifiées : les modules simples et projectifs ainsi que les modules et comodules de Weyl. L’algèbre Uqsl2 possède une structure d’algèbre de Hopf ; cette dernière peut être étendue sur LUqsl2. L’antipode découlant de cette structure permet de définir la notion de dualité de LUqsl2-modules, à partir de laquelle sont construits les comodules de Weyl, tandis que le coproduit permet de définir le produit tensoriel de LUqsl2-modules, aussi appelé la fusion de modules. Le mémoire détermine les règles de fusion des modules remarquables : le produit tensoriel de toute paire de modules remarquables est exprimé comme une somme directe de modules indécomposables. Quoique les règles de fusion entre modules simples et projectifs aient été obtenues par Bushlanov, Feigin, Gainutdinov et Tipunin (cf. [7]), celles impliquant au moins un module ou comodule de Weyl sont nouvelles. / This thesis is devoted to the representation theory of the quantum algebra Uqsl2 for q a root of unity. More precisely it studies some modules of the algebra LUqsl2, the Lusztig extension of Uqsl2, when q² is a primitive p-root of unity for p an integer greater than or equal to 2. Four families of finite dimensional LUqsl2-modules, called remarkable modules, are identified: simple and projective modules as well as Weyl modules and comodules. The algebra Uqsl2 has a Hopf algebra structure; the latter can be extended to LUqsl2. The antipode of this structure is used to define a duality of LUqsl2-modules, from which the Weyl comodules are built, while the coproduct is used to define a tensor product of LUqsl2-modules, also called fusion of modules. This thesis determines the fusion rules of remarkable modules: the tensor product of any pair of remarkable modules is expressed as a direct sum of indecomposable modules. Although the fusion rules between simple and projective modules were obtained by Bushlanov, Feigin, Gainutdinov and Tipunin (cf. [7]), those involving at least one Weyl module or comodule are new.

Denna studie ämnar belysa hur svarta män framställs i film och vilka attityder dessa män har mot varandra. Uppsatsen undersöker hur aggressivitet och femininitet tar sig uttryck i den Oscarbelönade filmen Moonlight (2016) och vilka stereotyper som framkommer hos männen i filmen. Eftersom filmen behandlar homosexualitet i ett socioekonomiskt lågt område ämnar studien undersöka attityden gentemot homosexualitet och hur huvudkaraktären lever ett liv som homosexuell man. Teorier som används för att kunna undersöka aggressivitet och femininitet i filmen är heteronormativitet, representationsteori och stereotyper samt maskulinitet och hegemoni som hjälper oss titta djupare på aggressiviteten. Utifrån en multimodal diskursanalys har vi med hjälp av lexikala val, värdeladdade ord och paralingvistisk kommunikation studerat filmen och valt ut scener som belyser det som vi ämnar undersöka. Analysen visade att aggressivitet uttrycktes både verbalt och fysiskt, samt att det skedde en maktordning bland de manliga karaktärerna i filmen. De som faller innanför den heterosexuella ramen blir inte utsatta för samma våld och aggression som homosexuella män. Femininitet är ett genomgående tema i filmen som visade sig främst hos den homosexuella huvudkaraktären. Det syntes utifrån sårbarhet och att vara öppen med sina känslor. / This study aims to illustrate how Black men are depicted in film and what attitudes these men have towards each other. The study examines how aggressiveness and femininity is expressed in the Oscar awarded film Moonlight (2016) and what stereotypes that are emerging among the men in the film. Since the film includes homosexuality in a socio-economically low area, this study aims to look at attitudes towards homosexuality and how the main character is living a life as a homosexual man. Theories that have been used to examine aggressiveness and femininity are heteronormativity, representation theory and stereotypes as well as masculinity and hegemony that helps us look further into the aggressiveness. Based on a multimodal discourse analysis, we have used lexical choices, valued words, and paralinguistic communication to study the film and chose scenes that illustrate the aim of this study. The analysis showed that aggressiveness was expressed verbally and physically, and that there was a power structure among the male characters in the film. The ones falling within the heterosexual frame are not being exposed to the same amount of violence and aggression as the homosexual men. Femininity is a thoroughgoingly theme in the film and was shown mostly by the homosexual main character. It was shown by vulnerability and by expressing emotions.

Studien “Harmlös - eller inte?”  undersöker memes skapade av den högerextrema organisationen Nordiska motståndsrörelsen (NMR) för att se hur de framställer etablissemanget i  kopplat till covid-19. Studien undersöker även hur dessa memes är konstruerade. Memes är ett framgångsrikt digitalt verktyg som används på internet. Deras största kännetecken är ironi och humor. På senare tid har memes även börjat användas som opinionsverktyg då de levererar budskap snabbt och effektivt. Högerextrema organisationer i synnerhet använder memes särskilt flitigt för att nå ut och locka nya följare. Teorier som använts för att uppnå studiens syfte är representationsteorin, ideologier samt teorin om intertextualitet. Analysen har genomförts på 13 memes i bild- och textform genom en kritisk diskursanalys baserad på en anpassad version av Carvalhos (2008) modell för diskursanalys. Analysstegen som används är layout & struktur, objekt & aktörer, språk, grammatik och retorik samt ideologiska ståndpunkter. Resultatet visar att Nordiska Motståndsrörelsen i sina memes anpassar nyheter som rör coronapandemin till att passa sin fiendebild. NMR framställer etablissemanget som något främmande och opålitligt i samband med Covid-19. NMR använder humor, ironi och satir för att kritisera makthavarna. Dessutom finns starka kopplingar till högerextrema idéer, bland annat antisemitism, homofobi samt våld- och dödshot. / The study "Harmless - or not?" examines memes created by Swedish far-right organization The Nordic Resistance Movement (NMR) to see how they portray the establishment in connection with covid-19. The study also examines how these memes are constructed. Memes are a successful digital tool used on the internet. Their biggest characteristics are irony and humor. Recently, memes have also started to see use as tools of opinion-making, as users can derive meaning from them quickly and efficiently. Right-wing extremist organizations in particular use memes particularly extensively to reach out and attract new followers. Theories used to achieve the purpose of the study are ideology, the theory of representation and the theory of intertextuality. The analysis has been carried out on 13 memes in image and text form through a critical discourse analysis based on an adapted version of Carvalho's (2008) model for  discourse analysis. The analysis steps used are layout & structure, objects & actors, language, grammar and rhetoric as well as ideological positions. The result shows that the Nordic Resistance Movement in its memes adapts news related to the corona pandemic to fit its image of the enemy. NMR portrays the establishment as something alien and hostile in connection with Covid-19. NMR uses humor, irony and satire to criticize those in power. In addition, there are strong links to right-wing extremist ideas, including anti-Semitism, homophobia and threats of violence and death.

The overarching aim of the studies in this dissertation is to contribute knowledge about children’s shared social knowledge in their preschool peer cultures, regarding both content and how it is established and maintained. An ethnographic approach has been used to study the shared activities of children, aged 3-5, in the preschool. During 1 ½ years, one preschool setting was visited on a regular basis. One hundred hours of observation have been made and documented through video camera recordings and field notes. The theory of children’s peer cultures (Corsaro, 2005), positioning theory (Harré & Langenhove, 1999a) and social representation theory (Moscovici, 2001) have been used as theoretical tools in the analyses. The empirical results are presented in four articles (articles I-IV) and are all illustrations of the children’s shared social knowledge. The findings are that children’s shared social knowledge involves two main aspects of knowledge about relations; how to establish and maintain relations vis-à-vis various tokens or social resources (articles III and IV), and how to create distance to relations (articles I and II). Another find is that there seems to be a tension between the children’s social knowledge and the social norms explicitly formulated in the studied preschool context. / I den här avhandlingen undersöker Lovisa Skånfors barns sociala vardagsliv i förskolan. Det specifika syftet är att bidra med kunskap om barns gemensamma sociala kunskaper i förskolans kamratkulturer, både vad gäller dess innehåll och hur de etableras och upprätthålls. Författaren har genom ett etnografiskt arbetssätt följt barns gemensamma aktiviteter på en 3-5-årsavdelning i en svensk förskola, under 1,5 år. Resultatet visar att barns gemensamma sociala kunskaper handlar om hur man kan skapa och upprätthålla relationer och hur man kan distansera sig från relationer. Barns sociala relationer skapas och upprätthålls i relation till olika sociala resurser (rätt ålder, specifika kompetenser och tidigare etablerade relationer). Barn skapar dessutom distans till andra barn och vuxna genom att på olika sätt dra sig undan i förskolekontexten. Resultatet visar också att det tycks finnas en spänning mellan barnens gemensamma sociala kunskaper och de normer om kollektivitet som explicit formuleras i den studerade förskolekontexten. Avhandlingen vänder sig till forskare och praktiker med intresse för frågor kring förskola och förskolebarns sociala samspel.