This is a semantic study, dealing with style and technique in the short stories of D. B. Z. Ntuli. The study as a whole analyses Ntuli' s first six volumes of short stories. The first chapter is an introduction, dealing with the aim of the study. The second sub-section after aim is Ntuli's biographical notes. Full details of this author from high school attendance to his contribution during his working experience are given. Ntuli's biography is followed by the scope of study. Under this sub-heading, short story volumes to be analysed are clearly stated. The fourth sub-heading is the method of approach and a conclusion. Chapter two deals with various types of repetition, a literary technique. It analyses Ntuli's use of language, and repetition of sentences approaching it from different angles. Chapter three and four deal with choice of words. The former chapter handles the various types of language elements semantically and the latter deals specifically with the ideophone. The ideophone is sub-divided into two sub-sections: classification and usage. Chapter five deals with proverbial expressions and these are sub-divided into two sections: idioms and proverbs. The usage of idiomatic expressions is discussed under: verbs, nouns and qualificatives, while the proverbs are analysed under classification and syntax. Imagery is dealt with in chapter six. Imagery is further sub-divided into four categories: metaphor, simile, personification and symbolism. Style and structure are discussed in chapter seven. In this chapter various elements of language forms are handled: types of sentenceidiophonic; negative forms of the ideophone, with conjunctives; sentences with adverbs; the demonstratives; titles of short story volumes and naming of characters. Chapter eight is the general conclusion, reflecting on Ntuli's style and technique with special emphasis on his unique use of the language. Reference is made to discoveries regarding the author's use of vocabulary, and his techniques in using repetition as well as avoiding it, which is part of his style. His choice of words and how he arranges them on paper is also discussed. Ntuli's choice of titles in naming his short story volumes is summed up showing that these have been influenced by his background. The study concludes by suggesting areas that still require further analysis in Ntuli 's short stories. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

[pt] A partir do levantamento de cerca de 400 contos inéditos e desconhecidos do escritor Lúcio Cardoso (1912-1968) propomos uma análise e revisão de sua obra literária de 16 romances e novelas. Além disso, iremos discutir a relação do autor com o renegado realismo de seus primeiros livros, a influência do fantástico em suas novelas e contos e a difícil relação da literatura brasileira, nos anos 30, com obras não realistas. Por fim, analisaremos os mais de 265 contos dos anos 50 em que o crime e a morte são personagens frequentes, fechando o ciclo de melancolia e fracasso do mundo ficcional cardosiano. / [en] Through the surveying of about 400 unknown and not-published shortstories written by Lúcio Cardoso (1912-1968) we propose an analysis and review of his literary opus of 16 novels and short novels. Besides, we will discuss the authors relation with the rejected Realism of his first books, the influence of the fantastic in his novels and short-stories and the difficult relation of Brazilian literature of the 1930s with non-realistic works. Finally, we will analyze over 265 short-stories from the 1950s in which crime and death often appear, closing the cycle of melancholy and failure in Cardosos fictional universe.

During the last decades, a Hindi Dalit literary movement has emerged in North India. This essay is a study and comparison on character portrayals in short stories by two authors from this movement, Jayprakash Kardam and Ajay Navaria. The aim of this essay is to explore the implications of these portrayals considering these authors’ views on social change, their literary affiliations and a theoretical discussion on Dalit literature. The methodical basis for this study is a detailed character analysis of these short stories’ protagonists, antagonists and other relevant characters, supported by narrative- and conceptual analyses. This essay argues that the theoretical abstraction of Dalit consciousness [cetnā] has a mainstreaming effect on the Dalit experience [anubhūti] when it is portrayed in literature. These dynamics are visible in Kardam’s stories, in which his portrayals of the Dalit protagonist follow the conventional Dalit character template, a forthright and innocent archetype juxtaposed against an evil Brahmin. The pivoting moment in Kardam’s stories is when consciousness awakens in the Dalit protagonist and he joins the corporate resistance against a casteist society. In comparison, Navaria makes the individual the site for change in his stories—reflecting the Gandhian notion of hṛday parivartan (“change of heart”). Navaria foregrounds alternative perspectives to Dalit cetnā in his stories and seeks to understand his characters from a broader human experience. I further argue that Navaria’s stories are suggestive of an expansion of the binary discussion on anubhūti (“experience”) and sahānubhūti (“sympathy”) by the term samānubhūti (“empathy”) since Navaria, by his more complex, nuanced and personalised characterisation of both Dalits and Brahmins, provides a common ground that invites to reconciliation. This study concludes that while Kardam could be designated as a conventional Dalit author, Navaria should rather be situated in the boundaries between the Dalit and the mainstream Hindi literary field. It further concludes that more research is needed on theoretical concepts used in the Dalit literary discourse. / <p>Kandidatuppsats i indologi</p>

Le récit enchâssé émerge comme concept au début du XXe siècle, à la faveur des travaux formalistes sur le recueil de nouvelles. Il ne se développe véritablement que dans les années soixante, sous la plume de Todorov et de Genette. Mais alors, il est moins étudié qu’effleuré. Aucune définition consensuelle ne se dégage chez les narratologues. On prête au dispositif une origine millénaire, sans bien expliquer la persistance intacte d'un procédé d'écriture depuis l'Inde ancienne. Le récit enchâssé a été davantage un mythe critique qu'un objet d'étude. Cette thèse se propose de reprendre la conceptualisation là où elle s'est arrêtée : à l'intuition que certains textes contiennent des récits en surplus. Par des décrochages typographiques, par un changement d'énonciateur, par une variation temporelle, par une série de marquages spécifiques, un récit peut être mis en relief dans l'espace textuel. L'enchâssement, alors, ne serait que le fait de cette mise en relief, qu'elle s'effectue ou non dans un texte littéraire, qu'elle porte ou non sur un texte narratif. Y a-t-il légitimité, dès lors, à parler d'un « récit enchâssé » ? A-t-il existé dans l'histoire une technique homogène de mise en relief d'un récit ? En posant cette question sur les récits courts du XIXe siècle (1800-1890), cette thèse s'efforce également d'expliquer l'apparition de la notion. Car c'est au XIXe siècle que, pour la première fois, le recueil de nouvelles est comparé à une fiction indépendante, en l'occurrence, une nouvelle. Analyser ce rapprochement permet de découvrir comment a été préparée la possibilité de penser le « récit enchâssé ». / At the beginning of the twentieth century, embedded narrative emerged as a concept, thanks to the research that Russian formalists had carried out on a collection of short stories. But the category came into bloom only in the 1960s, under Todorov and Genette's pens. At that time though, the subject was broached rather than dealt with in depth. No definition based on consensus ever arose from narratology; and the seamless persistence of this narrative technique, dating back to Ancient India, has never been well accounted for. Embedded narrative has always been a critical myth rather than a subject to be studied. The aim of this dissertation is to start where the first tentative conceptualization stopped: the feeling that some texts do contain extra narratives. Inserted stories can be enhanced through typography layouts, changes of narratee, time-related alterations, or by sets of specific markings. Embedding might then mean emphasizing rather than inserting. Is it then legitimate to comment on 'embedded narratives' as such? Was there ever a consistent technique to emphasize narratives? By raising these issues, this dissertation aims at getting to the root of the notion, and addresses the topic by drawing on a large number of short stories published between 1800 and 1890. For during the nineteenth century short stories collections came for the first time closer to independent fiction, precisely to short story. Analyzing this rapprochement will enable us to discover how the very notion of 'embedded narrative’ could come up.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danielle Guglieri Lima.pdf: 624521 bytes, checksum: e9fb71e2ce1f449645dc5bc559b0a14f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation is set forth in the Text and Discourse research line within the oral and written modalities. Its subject is the study of oral manifestations in literary texts, and the stories that compose the regionalist literature of writer João Simões Lopes Neto as the aim of the study. The purpose of this work is to contribute to the studies of language and literature in the interface of spoken and written language modalities. More specifically: 1. to examine the manifestations of spoken language in the regionalist literary work by João Simões Lopes Neto; 2. to analyze its corpus through studies that refer to the constitutive properties of the speech; and 3. to describe the way in which the manifestations of the spoken modality of the language permeate the selected texts. The theoretical substantiation is set forth in Textual Linguistics and the Analysis of Conversations within the socio-interactional aspect. The material analyzed was selected from the literary work by João Simões Lopes Neto (2000). The results obtained indicated that in the short story, a textual/discursive genre, the spoken modality of the language is present by means of the constitutive properties of the speech, such as the discursive topic, conversational turn, conversational markers, and adjacent pairs. We concluded thus that studies regarding the spoken modality of the language, as opposed to those of the written modality, contribute to a possible significance when reading a regionalist text. However, such studies need to be continuous, for the realized investigation was only centered upon the regionalism of João Simões Lopes Neto. It is necessary to open new perspectives for the study of other regionalist short stories, insofar as the textual/discursive genre / Esta dissertação situa-se na linha de pesquisa Texto e Discurso, nas modalidades oral e escrita. Tem por tema o estudo das manifestações orais em textos literários, e, por objeto de estudo, os contos que compõem a literatura regionalista do escritor João Simões Lopes Neto. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para os estudos da língua e literatura, na interface das modalidades de língua falada e escrita. Especificamente: 1. examinar as manifestações da língua falada na obra regionalista de João Simões Lopes Neto; 2. analisar o corpus, por meio dos estudos referentes às propriedades constitutivas da fala; 3. descrever de que maneira as manifestações da modalidade falada da língua permeiam os textos selecionados. A fundamentação teórica situa-se na Lingüística Textual e na Análise da Conversação, vertente sócio-interacional. O material de análise foi selecionado da obra de João Simões Lopes Neto (2000). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que no conto, gênero textual/discursivo, a modalidade falada da língua está presente por meio das propriedades constitutivas da fala: tópico discursivo, turno conversacional, marcadores conversacionais e pares adjacentes. Concluímos que os estudos, da modalidade falada da língua, em contraponto aos da modalidade escrita, contribuem para que a leitura de um texto regionalista possa ser significativa. Não obstante, tais estudos precisam ter continuidade, pois a investigação realizada foi centrada apenas no regionalismo de João Simões Lopes Neto. Faz-se necessária a abertura de novas perspectivas para o estudo de outros contos regionalistas, enquanto gênero textual/discursivo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA TRINDADE MARTINS DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1369350 bytes, checksum: af191198cadea63691f1a871e3a71299 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 / Universidade Federal do Pará / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the poetic creation process in the book of short stories Quarto de Hora by Maria Lúcia Medeiros, published in 1994 in Belém do Pará, Brazil. It is a fictional process that, in view of the multiple stylistic marks, has similarities with the oral speech while legends or children s stories, beyond its own literary limits, in the realm of the visual arts. Two hypotheses were operated in this investigation: one relative to the ambivalent nature of the discourse in first person; the other relative to the presence of the memorialist narrative in the poetic essay. Both of them are supported on theories of the Russian Formalists, Paul Zumthor, Henri Bergson, Maurice Halbwachs, Gaston Bachelard, chiefly. The study of short stories was based on the analysis and construction of cinematographic procedures that blow up images processed as recollections of the oral illusional report. The time-space interrelation is operated in the narrative sequence by the imagination and memory, in the three chapters, as a complementary relation that results in the grasping of a fragmented and plural narrative, as a spiral figure, that has no beginning, no middle, and no end incomplete. The memory space provides the principle of creation of the legend s image in Quarto de Hora, which finds its representation in the origin of the human language, in the voice, and in gesticulations of the poetic expression at the threshold of prose / O propósito desta dissertação é estudar o processo de criação poética no livro de contos Quarto de Hora de Maria Lúcia Medeiros, publicado em 1994, em Belém do Pará, Brasil. É um processo ficcional que, em vista das múltiplas marcas estilísticas, apresenta similaridades com o discurso da oralidade, enquanto lendas ou histórias infantis, além das próprias fronteiras literárias, no domínio das artes visuais. Duas hipóteses foram trabalhadas nesta investigação: uma referente à natureza ambivalente do discurso em primeira pessoa; outra referente à presença da narrativa memorialista no ensaio poético. Ambas são fundamentadas nas teorias dos Formalistas Russos, Paul Zumthor, Henri Bergson, Maurice Halbwachs, Gaston Bachelard, principalmente. O estudo dos contos foi baseado na análise e construção de procedimentos cinematográficos, que sugerem imagens processadas como recolhas do relato da ilusão oral. A inter-relação tempo-espaço é trabalhada na seqüência narrativa pela imaginação e memória, nos três capítulos, enquanto uma relação complementar que resulta na apreensão de uma narrativa fragmentada e plural, como uma figura espiral, que não tem início, meio e fim inconclusa. O espaço da memória fundamenta o princípio da criação da imagem da lenda em Quarto de Hora, que encontra sua representação na origem da linguagem humana, na voz, e nas gestualidades da expressão poética, nos limites da prosa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele Pimentel Martins.pdf: 334600 bytes, checksum: 2b4cf6d1f0130828f1c0151f62e08d78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The objective of this work is questioning the role exercised by proverbial sentences in the construction of poetic in Tutaméia-Terceiras Estórias, last book published by Guimarães Rosa in life. In the hypothesis proposed, the proverbs function as sample of the composition method by author, which comes from popular elements, such as proverbs, to submit them to the method of magic algebra, which will extract from its conventional and generalizing form that singularizes like poetics cells, which are updated each time in different contexts. This dual structure - fixed and moving - of proverbial expressions, keep inside the "counsel" of the narrator from oral traditions, and the anonymity that makes them a land of moving frontiers between orality and writing, the literary and non-literary. The proverbs are, therefore, cells of the critical short story of Rosa, that is, one that transcends the tradition of short story genre to introduce as hybrid narrative between fiction and metafiction; the poetic and scientific; the literary and essayistic - philosophical. The methodology of analysis focused the four prefaces - "Aletria e Hermenêutica", "Hipotrélico", "Nós, os temulentos" and "Sobre a escova e a dúvida" - as a sample of the functions of proverbs as structures that lead to metaficcional reflections on the working method practiced by Rosa in Tutaméia, in addition to two short stories - "Arroio-das-Antas" and "- Uai, eu?" in which proverbs work as fictional experimentation exerted by the narrators, in a frontier area with the character and the figure of the author. In conclusion, it was observed that the update of proverbs in Tutaméia restored them the latent poetry, darkened by the repetition and the use of that automated sentences / Este trabalho investigativo tem por objeto o questionamento do papel exercido pelas sentenças proverbiais na construção poética de Tutaméia-Terceiras Estórias, última obra publicada em vida por Guimarães Rosa. Na hipótese levantada, os provérbios funcionam como amostra do método de composição autoral, que parte de elementos populares, como os provérbios, para submetê-los ao método da álgebra mágica, que vai extrair da sua forma convencional e generalizante aquilo que os singulariza como células poéticas cada vez que são atualizados em contextos diferentes. Essa estrutura dúplice - fixa e movente - das expressões proverbiais, guarda em seu interior o conselho do narrador das tradições orais, bem como o anonimato que faz delas um terreno de fronteiras movediças entre a oralidade e a escritura; o literário e o não literário. Os provérbios constituem-se, assim, células do conto crítico roseano, isto é, aquele que transcende a tradição do gênero conto para se instaurar enquanto narrativa híbrida entre a ficção e a metaficção; o poético e o científico; o literário e o ensaístico - filosófico. A metodologia de análise privilegiou como corpus os quatro prefácios - Aletria e Hermenêutica , Hipotrélico , Nós, os temulentos e Sobre a escova e a dúvida - como amostra das funções dos provérbios como estruturas que conduzem à reflexão metaficcional sobre o próprio método de trabalho praticado por Rosa em Tutaméia, além de dois contos - Arroiodas- Antas e - Uai, eu? nos quais os provérbios funcionam como experimentação ficcional exercida pelos próprios narradores, numa zona fronteiriça com a personagem e a própria figura autoral. Como conclusão, observou-se que a atualização dos provérbios em Tutaméia restaurou-lhes a poesia latente, obscurecida pela repetição e pelo uso automatizado de tais sentenças

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josania Silva Santos.pdf: 506933 bytes, checksum: 11e90603d45dd35a6fe562ea8e6f6f9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The central object of this research is analysis the short stories poetic in A Morta , A Paixão de Manuel Garcia and As Orações de Soror Maria Pureza collected in the book As Máscaras do Destino, by portuguese author Florbela Espanca. The prose of this portuguese writer show a constant remember to the spectacle of death staged by love situation so different. This way, her work turn around over the universe which mix prose and poetry that we named poetry prose. The short stories selected, beyond summarized the characteristics over decrypts, bring a resort theme which is the death inscribe under de sign of love. To get the purpouse drown up a general plan of some considerations writer by someone that worried to structure the short story like narrative genre. In after that, we shared the research in three sections: First: The poetic narrative by Florbela Espanca. We discoursed about short stories. In the second section, we talked about The death poetic. We discoursed about Eros, Thanatos and Psique. In the last section, we analised the short stories: A Morta , A Paixão de Manuel Garcia and As Orações de Soror Maria da Pureza . In this research, we studied the relationship between love, death in anothers worlds. And then we get about the short stories news possibilities to understand the Florbela short storties / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar uma leitura da poética da morte inscrita nos contos A Morta , A Paixão de Manuel Garcia e As Orações de Soror Maria da Pureza , que compõem a obra As Máscaras do Destino (1927), da poeta e contista portuguesa Florbela Espanca. A prosa dessa autora alentejana apresenta uma constante rememoração do espetáculo da morte encenada em situações amorosas díspares. Nesse sentido, sua obra gravita sobre o universo mesclado de prosa e poesia o que vem a compor o que chamamos de prosa poética. Para se alcançar os objetivos propostos, dividimos este estudo em três capítulos. No primeiro: A narrativa poética de Florbela Espanca, traçou-se um panorama geral sobre o gênero conto, suas primeiras manifestações na Literatura Universal e sua inserção em solo português. Em seguida, refletimos sobre os contos florbelianos e sua relação com o aspecto biográfico imputados pela crítica. No segundo capítulo intitulado A Poética do amor e da morte, abordamos a relação mitológica de Eros e Psique, o amor cortês no imaginário medieval, salientando que a cortesia lírica representa o pilar da Literatura Portuguesa. Ainda neste capítulo, discutimos o universo de Eros e Thanatos representados ao longo da História pela literatura. Para ressoar a voz de Eros, convidamos Georges Bataille e sua tese da busca da continuidade perdida para nos acompanhar nesse ambiente tão nostálgico e nebuloso que é o mundo das representações do erotismo.Dedicamos ao terceiro capítulo a análise do corpus selecionado. A Linguagem do Amor Além-túmulo foi construída a partir do conto A Morta . Tragédia na Ficção Amorosa Florbeliana tem como esteio o conto A Paixão de Manuel Garcia e Erotismo nas Máscaras da Morte se baseia na fábula d As Orações de Sóror Maria da Pureza . Nesta seção, analisamos a relação amorosa de cada personagem nas fronteiras da vida-morte

A perspectiva deste trabalho será a de que as diferentes experiências históricas de Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda- 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) e Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) definem a forma literária, respectivamente, literatura de viagem, um conto tensionado e um romance. Três formas literárias distintas que mantêm o elo com o texto historiográfico, pois Castro Soromenho e Pepetela se apropriam do texto de Henrique de Carvalho para elaborarem seus enredos centrais que giram em torno do espaço Lunda. Tendo em vista que tal espaço potencializa as três narrativas, levaremos em conta que \"A forma não pode ser compreendida independentemente do conteúdo, mas ela não é tampouco independente da natureza do material e dos procedimentos que este condiciona. A forma depende, de um lado, do conteúdo e, do outro, das particularidades do material e da elaboração que este implica.\" (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p. 206) / In this work we aim to show that the different historical experiences by Henrique de Carvalho (Expedição Portugueza ao Muantiânvua: Ethnographia e história tradicional dos povos da Lunda - 1884-1888) (1890), Castro Soromenho (Lueji Ilunga na terra da amizade) (1945) and Pepetela (Lueji: o nascimento dum império) (1989) define certain literary forms, respectively, travel literature, tension short story and novel. These three distinct literary forms are connected with historiographic writings, for Castro Soromenho and Pepetela appropriate Henrique de Carvalho text to elaborate their central plots which focus the space of Lunda. Having in mind that space potentializes the three narratives, in this study we will take into consideration that \"The literary form cannot be understood separate from the content, and neither is it independent from the nature of the subject and the proceedings which are conditioned by this same content. Form depends on the content, and also on the particular aspects of the subject and on the elaboration it implies.\"* (Bakhtin, M. 1992, p.206)

Cette thèse a pour but principal de renouveler l’étude de la question du rapport entre l’esthétique et l’idéologique dans l’oeuvre de Flannery O’Connor. Contrairement aux études antérieures menées sur cette question, elle sera abordée ici dans le cadre d’une théorie du discours littéraire, c’est-à-dire d’une théorie qui prend en compte les dimensions à la fois performatives et réflexives propres aux textes littéraires. Ce postulat théorique a des conséquences importantes pour l’étude du rapport entre les textes littéraires et les contextes sociaux, politiques, historiques et littéraires de leur mise en circulation et de leur réception. Il implique, notamment, que les ouvrages littéraires inscrivent et négocient dans leur texture même les conditions de leur mise en circulation et de leur réception, et ainsi, que la question de leur contexte doit être abordée en premier par l’étude de cette inscription et de cette négociation textuelles. Pour autant qu’elle tient pleinement compte de la logique médiate de cette inscription et de cette négociation—et notamment des effets médiateurs des figures du lecteur et de l’auteur, ainsi que du genre et du champ littéraire—l’approche pragmatique adoptée dans cette thèse permet non seulement de mener à bien cette étude, mais également de montrer sous un nouveau jour la complexité et la singularité de la signature littéraire de Flannery O’Connor. / The principal aim of this dissertation is to provide a fresh approach to the vexed question of the relationship between the aesthetic and the ideological in the work of Flannery O’Connor. Unlike existing studies of this question in the critical literature, the approach adopted in this dissertation is based on the premise that it can best be treated in the context of a theory of literary discourse, one, in particular, that takes full consideration of the reflexive and performative dimensions of literary works. This theoretical assumption has considerable consequences for the study of the relationship between literary texts and the social, political, historical and literary contexts of their reception and circulation. In particular, it suggests that literary texts inscribe and negotiate the social and historical conditions of their circulation and reception, and that the question of their context should be approached first and foremost through the study of this textual inscription and negotiation. Insofar as it takes full consideration of the mediatory logic that such textual negotiation entails—in particular the mediating presence and effect of the figures of the reader and the author, the genre of the work, and the literary field—literary pragmatics will be seen to provide an approach which not only enables this study, but also reveals in a new light both the complexity and the singularity of Flannery O’Connor’s literary signature.