La France et l’Espagne connaissent depuis plus de vingt ans des processus de recompositions territoriales, dont l’un des enjeux est la création de nouveaux territoires intermédiaires à l’échelle locale (structures intercommunales, “Pays” en France, comarcas en Espagne). Entre commune/municipio et département/provincia, ces derniers sont censés favoriser une refonte de l’organisation territoriale, mais aussi le développement de nouveaux modes de gestion territoriale, plus intégrés et plus horizontaux. À partir des exemples des régions Rhône-Alpes et Catalogne, parmi les premières à développer ces nouveaux espaces locaux, cette thèse interroge leur caractère intermédiaire et le type d’intermédiarité qui les caractérisent. L’analyse révèle la fragilité des mailles intermédiaires en construction, liée à l’échec de leurs potentielles fonctions d’intermédiarité et à la faiblesse née de leur caractère intermédiaire : elles connaissent une neutralisation interne et externe, et peinent donc à trouver leur légitimité par rapport aux niveaux existants et à d’autres nouveaux découpages locaux. La multiplication de ces derniers, qui révèle autant qu’elle explique l’échec des mailles étudiées, montre cependant que c’est moins l’échelle ou le niveau intermédiaire qui sont en cause que les modalités de leur construction. En s’appuyant sur un vaste corpus législatif et sur des enquêtes de terrain (Pays Roannais, comarques du Bages et d’Osona), en croisant de multiples échelles spatio-temporelles dans l’analyse de ces découpages locaux, ce travail invite à systématiser, dans le cadre d’une possible convergence européenne, les études géographiques des systèmes d’administration territoriale. / For more than twenty years, France and Spain have undergone various processes of territorial reshaping, among which the creation of new intermediate authorities at the local scale (inter-city structures, Pays in France, comarcas in Spain). Halfway between commune/municipio and département/provincia, these government units are intended to favor the reform of the territorial organization as well as the design of better integrated and more horizontal territorial management policies. Based on the case studies of pioneer regions Rhône-Alpes and Catalunya, among the first to develop these new local spaces, this work questions the level of intermediateness that characterizes these local units under construction. It shows that the failure of their potential intermediate functions is due to their intermediate nature which itself makes them very fragile. They are subject to both internal and external neutralization and struggle to assert their legitimacy vis à vis existing government levels and other new local territories. The dramatic increase of the latter shows that it is the way the intermediate local units under study are built rather than their mere intermediate scale that explains their failure. Based on a large corpus of legislative material, on field studies (Pays Roannais, comarques of Bages and Osona) and on a multi-level cross-analysis in both space and time, this work aims to systematise the geographical approach of local government systems, a methodology particularly relevant in the perspective of converging local policies at the European level.

The water environment is facing many threats, waters are polluted, ecosystems destroyed andclimate change is causing more problems related to flooding and droughts. For a long time,these water problems have been addressed separately. Although there have been improvementsin how water is managed, for example through advanced wastewater treatment, in order toaddress water problems thoroughly, the use of integrated water management has been advocatedas the solution. This integration can refer to the consideration of the different components of thewater system, the connection between the water system, social and economic factors and to thelink between the water management and other policy sectors. The EU Water FrameworkDirective has further stressed the importance of an integrated approach to water management.The connection between spatial planning and water management has been recognized as beingof special importance. By considering water aspects in spatial planning it is possible to preventnegative effects on the water system. This study focuses on the practice of comprehensivemunicipal planning and the integration of water issues in that process. Based on interviews anda literature review it tries to find answers on how the organization of the spatial planning andwater management systems contribute to that integration and what other factors are ofrelevance. The situation in Sweden is compared with the situation in the Netherlands. Thiscomparison shows that water issues are of great importance in Dutch spatial planning. This canbe explained by the historical battle against water, since a large part of the Netherlands issituated below sea level. In contrast to the Swedish situation, several organizational levels haveresponsibilities in water planning and there is the presence of a strong water institution, theWater Boards. A requirement to carry out a Water Assessment for spatial plans has been aninitiative to further raise the integration of water issues in spatial planning. Although it appearsthat the Netherlands have better prerequisites to integrate water in spatial planning, thecomparison with Sweden shows that other factors and uncertainties at the local level are quitesimilar. Solutions for integration have been proposed, for example the development ofmunicipal water plans. In two case studies, local efforts to promote the integration of waterissues in planning are further discussed.

Hur samverkar de nationella folkhälsomålen med fysisk planering, och på vilket sätt kan folkhälsomålen beaktas för att förbättra förutsättningarna för ökad fysisk aktivitet hos barn? Denna studie är en fallstudie i Hjo kommun. Studien tar utgångspunkt i kommunens folkhälsoproblematik som visar att det finns en hög förekomst av övervikt hos barn. Intentionen är att undersöka vilka organisatoriska processer som kan underbygga det kommunala arbetet med folkhälsomålen, liksom att ta reda på vilka faktorer i den fysiska miljön som skapar förutsättningar för barns fysiska aktivitet. Avsikten med studien har varit att skapa ett underlag för Hjo kommuns översiktliga planering. Resultatet av studien tydliggör vilka strukturella processer som påverkar arbetet med folkhälsa, men även hur utformningen av folkhälsomålen kan påverka den fysiska planeringens beaktande av folkhälsan. Resultatet åskådliggör även faktorer i den fysiska miljön som påverkar barns förutsättningar till fysisk aktivitet, liksom vikten av beaktandet av barnkonventionen. ABSTRACT How does national public health objectives cooperate with spatial planning, and in which way can public health objectives be considered in order to improve the conditions for increasing physical activity in children? This study is a case study in the municipality of Hjo. The starting point of the study is the municipal public health problem which indicates that there is a high prevalence of obesity in children. The intention is to examine the organizational processes that can underpin the municipal work of public health objectives, as well as to find out which factors in the built environment that can establish the conditions for children's physical activity. The purpose of this study was to provide a basis for the conceptual planning for the municipality of Hjo. Results of the study illustrates the structural processes that affect the work of public health, but also how the design of public health objectives may influence on the physical planning considerations of public health. The result also illustrates factors in the built environment that affect children's opportunities for physical activity, but also the importance of taking into account of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

No description available.

Ekosystemtjänster är ett relativt nytt begrepp inom fysisk planering och kan beskrivas som de olika gratistjänster människan får från jordens olika ekosystem. Utan dessa gratistjänster skulle jorden inte vara en beboelig plats för människan. Därför är tjänsterna vi får från naturen livsavgörande för vår och andra arters existens. Men trots att ekosystemtjänster är av oerhört värde för mänskligheten och dess socioekonomiska samhälle saknas det idag kunskap om detta område - inte minst inom fysisk planering. Dessa tjänster saknar, vad man kallar, ett marknadsvärde vilket har lett till att det är svårt att uppskatta det ”riktiga värdet” av de tjänster vi får från naturen. Hur sätter man ett värde på exempelvis fördelarna med pollinering, stadsodlingar, de psykiska och fysiska fördelarna med urbana grönytor samt den naturliga vatten- och luftrening som ständigt sker? Det är ingen lätt fråga att besvara. Okunskap om ekosystemens olika tjänster kan få förödande konsekvenser i en allt mer globaliserad värld med ekonomier som ständigt växer. Där majoriteten av världens befolkning bor i städer som växer både på bredden och på höjden samtidigt som jorden står inför globala klimatförändringar med varmare klimat, kraftigare nederbörd et cetera. Ekosystemtjänster har visat sig användbara i många av dessa fall, om de används på rätt sätt. Ekosystemtjänster renar exempelvis vår luft i täta städer, de reglerar temperaturer i städer, de kyler byggnader under heta sommardagar, de har ett rekreativt värde för människor och har även visat sig effektiva för att motverka stress och andra psykiska sjukdomar. Fördelarna är många och kunskap om hur de kan användas på bästa sätt kan ge stora samhällsvinster. Fysisk planering är ett av de främsta medlen för att kunna hantera och nyttja ekosystemtjänsterna på lämpligast sätt. Men trots detta saknas det idag kunskap bland planerare inom detta område. Med min uppsats hoppas jag därför kunna bidra till att väcka fler planerares, arkitekters, politikers och andra aktörers intresse för att förstå värdet av att använda ekosystemtjänster inom stadsplanering. / Ecosystem services are a quite new notion within urban planning and it can be described as those services the human get for free from the Earth´s different ecosystems. Without these free services the Earth would have been uninhabitable. Thereof the services we get from the nature are vital for our own and for other species existence. However, despite the great value and impact ecosystem services have to humanity and our socioeconomic society there is lack of knowledge within this field  and urban planning is not an exception. Ecosystem services do not have any market value and this has lead to difficulties to understand the ”real value” of the services we get from the nature. For instance, how do we value pollination, the benefits of urban farming, the physical and mental benefits of urban green areas or the value of natural purification of water and air et cetera? It is not an easy question to answer. Lack of people´s knowledge regarding the benefits of ecosystem services can have devastating consequences. Especially in a globalised world where the majority of the people in the world live in cities and at the same time when the Earth is facing global warming. However, ecosystem services have proved to be very efficient if they are used the right way. For example, ecosystem services purify the air from impurities and regulate the temperature in our cities, cooling down buildings during hot summer days, they also have a recreational value and have proved to cure stress and other diseases. The benefits are many and if we possess the knowledge of these services and are able to control them in the very best way it can give back social benefits. Urban planning is one of the main means to manage and use the ecosystem services in the best way. Despite this, many urban planners don´t have enough with knowledge within this field. My wish with this dissertation is to contribute and share my knowledge to other planners, architects, politicians and other operators who work with urban planning in a daily basis. I want to grow a seed of interest and write about the importance of why we shoud be using ecosystem services within urban planning.

Ce mémoire se penche sur un sujet d’actualité qui fait l’objet de polémiques ponctuelles au Québec depuis 2006 : La Romaine, la construction d’un complexe hydroélectrique qui harnache l’une des dernières grandes rivières sauvages de la province. Spécifiquement, cette étude s’intéresse à des discours institutionnels québécois et innus sur ce projet. L’analyse s’appuie sur des mémoires déposés à la consultation menée en 2008 par le Bureau d’audiences publiques sur l’environnement (BAPE). Faisant converser les études de l’ethnicité, le concept de colonialisme d’occupation blanche [settler colonialism] et les études culturelles, ce mémoire jette de nouvelles lumières sur le rôle des dispositifs du développement durable et des grands barrages en contexte colonial. En premier lieu, cette recherche présente une trame historique sur le renouveau de la relation entre peuples innu et québécois centrée, tour à tour, sur l’agriculture, l’exploitation forestière et les grands barrages. L’objectif est d’exposer comment ce rapport interethnique, en constante mutation, a été marqué par différents modes d’aménagement du territoire. Dans un deuxième temps, ce portrait nous amène à examiner la conjoncture sociopolitique d’où émerge la Romaine. Suivant cette contextualisation, l’application d’une grille d’analyse des débats sociotechniques permet de découvrir les manières dont le développement durable module les systèmes de représentations collectives à l’égard des rapports interethniques et des régimes énergétiques contemporains. Cette analyse expose, simultanément, la régénérescence d’un imaginaire d’occupation colonial québécois et l’émergence de contre-discours innus. Ultimement, cette recherche se conclut en interrogeant les termes et possibilités d’un développement durable décolonial. / The event on which this thesis aims its focus is a topic of controversy in Quebec since 2006 : la Romaine, a hydroelectric complex involving the harnessing of one of the last great wild rivers in the province. Specifically, this study examines the new Innu and Quebecer institutional discourses on this project. The analysis takes as material of study the reports submitted to the consultation conducted in 2008 by the Bureau d’audiences publiques sur l’environnement (BAPE). Establishing a dialogue between ethnic studies, the concept of white settler colonialism and cultural studies, this paper sheds light on the role of the apparatus of sustainable development and of great dams in a colonial context. First, this research provides an historical framework on the renewal of the relationship between Quebec’s and Innu’s people centred, in turn, on agriculture, logging and large dams. The goal is to explain how this interethnic relationship, in constant metamorphosis, has been marked by different models of settling the territory. Secondly, this picture leads us to examine the socio-political situation from which emerges la Romaine. Following this contextualization, the application of a socio-technical grid of analysis allows to discover the ways in which sustainable development modulates the collective systems of representations in regards to interethnic relations and contemporary energetic regimes. This analysis expose simultaneously the regeneration of a settler’s imaginary for the Quebecers and the emergence of counter-discourses for the Innus. Ultimately, this research concluded by questioning the terms and possibilities of a decolonial sustainable development.

Syftet med den här studien är att bidra till en bredare kunskapsbas för hur barns rättigheter beaktas i den fysiska planeringen. Forskningsmålet har uppnåtts genom granskning av Barnkonventionen i fysisk planering och stadsutveckling. Rapporten behandlar de hinder och utmaningar som Sveriges myndigheter och kommuner möter vid tillämpning av barnperspektiv i fysisk planering. Med hänsyn för tillgänglighet, presenterar denna studie en övergripande beskrivning av etablerade samhällsfaktorer som påverkar Sveriges myndigheters och kommuners arbete med stadsutveckling. Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, i syfte att synliggöra bakomliggande budskap i den granskade rapporten. Innehållsanalysen består av fyra delprocesser; insamling av data, kodning, tematisering, samt verifiering av analysens slutsats. Genom Boverkets rapport synliggör innehållsanalysen hur och vilka utmaningar som påverkar barnkonventionens beaktning i fysisk planering. Resultatet bidrar till ökad förståelse för aktuella utmaningar som berör samhällsplaneringens aktörer. Majoriteten av de textstycken som analyserades, visade att behov och vägledning är centrala faktorer för det omställningsarbete som ska genomföras inom svensk samhällsbyggnad. Boverkets rapport lyfter behov av vidare utredning och framtida vägledning i inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen. Kortsiktigt kan resurs- och kompetensbehov i mindre kommuner lindras genom centralisering av barnrättsarbeten, med Boverket som huvudansvarig myndighet. En del av syftet med centraliseringen är att arbetsmetoder och strategier kan standardiseras, vilket kan bidra till en konsekvent och rättvis tillämpning av barnkonventionen nationellt. / The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge base of childrens rights application in urban planning. The research goal has been achieved by examining the Convention on the Rights of the Child in spatial planning and urban development. The report addresses obstacles and challenges that Swedish authorities and municipalities encounter during application of child perspective's in urban planning. With regard to accessibility, this study presents an overall description of established societal factors that affect the Swedish authorities' and municipalities' work with urban development. The study uses a qualitative content analysis in order to highlight underlying messages in the reviewed report. The content analysis consists of four sub-processes; data collection, coding, thematization, and verification of the analysis’ conclusion. Through Boverket’s report, the content analysis highlights challenges that affect the application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in physical planning. The result contributes to an increased understanding of current challenges that affect participants in the process of urban planning. The majority of the analyzed text shows that needs and guidance are central factors for the coming adjustments in Swedish spatial planning. Boverket’s report highlights the need for further investigation and future guidance in the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In short term, the requirements associated with lack of resources and competence in smaller municipalities can be alleviated by centralizing Boverket as the main responsible authority for child rights work. Part of the purpose of centralization is that methods and strategies can be standardized, which can contribute to a consistent and fair application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child on national scale.

This thesis aims to create a complex urban analysis of the Obchodna street in the Bratislava city centre. It aims to identify the key problems and provide a conceptual solution for them as well. It focuses on general background analysis and planning documentation, as well as an analysis of the public space. A combination of distant and field research was used to gather the necessary data. All gathered data was subsequently processed and evaluated. Key problems and their solutions were defined on the basis of SWOT analysis. These solutions consist mostly of minor and easy changes, which can help to improve the public space in Obchodna and fulfil its potential.

Die Dissertation untersucht auf der Basis der Inhaltsanalyse von 429 deutschsprachigen Konzepten der Raumplanung sowie mit Hilfe von 17 ExpertInneninterviews verschiedene Problemzustände der Planung und Umsetzung räumlicher Entwicklungsmaßnahmen sowie den Umgang mit diesen Problemzuständen seitens der raumplanerischen Praxis und der Raumpolitik in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Dabei wurde – neben allgemeinen Informationen über inhaltliche Schwerpunkte und Ausrichtungen der untersuchten Konzepte, ihre Planungszeiträume und Autoren sowie Entscheidungsverfahren und -methoden – ein differenzierter Katalog unterschiedlicher Problemzustände und kritischer Faktoren erstellt, welcher bei der konzeptionellen Ausrichtung zukünftiger Konzepte als Orientierungshilfe dienen kann. Der Autor diskutiert die heutige Rolle räumlicher Handlungskonzepte und weist eindringlich auf die Problematik der Verdrängung kritischer Zustände im Zusammenhang der Erarbeitung und Umsetzung räumlicher Handlungskonzepte hin.

This study aims to investigate how municipalities respond to citizen input in consultation reports – a necessary and often mandatory documentation in the Swedish planning process. More specifically, building on the political-philosophical debate on deliberation as a democratic ideal, this study explores how local authorities' response to citizen input is structured and designed in these reports, and to what extent citizen input is recognized. By approaching a model for logics and considerations within sorting processes, I also seek to understand how local authorities motivate and explain their stances. More specifically, I examine whether considerations – made within a so called selective sorting – emphasize what ispossible, legal and/or proper to implement. The study is mainly based on a qualitative content analysis of consultation reports from three Swedish municipalities. The results of this study highlight, among other things, that the structure and design of the response from the local authorities depend on the structure and design of the input. Further, almost fifty percent of the total number of responses studied are rejected, where a vast majority of the few approvals given are weak/vague. Even though local authorities from all three municipalities motivate their stances based on what is possible, legal and proper, there are some general patterns. In total, almost half of all positions are justified on the basis of what is considered proper to implement, while approximately a fifth are justified on the basis of what is legal. Further, I have drawn attention to two more specific ways in which municipalities seem to motivate and explain their positions. These ways are defined as two categories that I have chosen to call aesthetics and external expertise.