This Master's Thesis studies the attitude that library employees have regarding a sex and gender-neutral treatment of their clients. The analysis is based upon replies to a questionnaire which was submitted though channels directed at library employees, like BIBLIST and BiblFeed. The respondent’s replies contained a number of welldeveloped comments making the resultant analysis both quantitative and qualitative in nature. In performing the analysis a theoretical framework combining Hirdman’s gender system with symbolic interactionism has been used together with literature about gender roles. The questionnaire showed that gender neutrality is a complex concept that can be interpreted in many different ways and is therefore easily misunderstood. It is obvious that sex is an important category when respondents are dealing with their clients, but also that sex and gender are problematic concepts which respondents find difficult to know exactly how to relate to. A lot of the respondents see a need to address gender issues, but a lot of them also state that gender is a biological concept and therefore impossible or unnecessary to have to relate to. In general, in the replies to the questionnaire availability tops the list over important questions to be addressed in the library while sex and gender have very low priority. My belief is that gender norms are possible to change and that sex and gender issues should be prioritized by virtue of being recognised as an availability issue. It is everybody’s individual fundamental values that together form society’s common fundamental values. If we all put on our gender glasses and are prepared to alter how we treat one another we can, eventually, make sex and gender less important categories and begin to see our clients as individuals.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur personer som utsatts för sexuellt våld upplever den hjälp, stöd och vård som samhället tillhandahåller. Syftet är att betrakta detta utifrån ett genusperspektiv för att undersöka hur föreställningar om sexualitet och kön påverkar möjligheten till hjälp, stöd och vård. Uppsatsens empiriska material består av två kvalitativa delstudier. Den första delstudien är genomförd med hjälp av en enkät via Google formulär som spridits på sociala medier, där 89 personer svarar. Den andra delstudien syftar till att ge en fördjupad förståelse om det valda ämnet och empirin är insamlad genom mailkontakt med de personer som i den tidigare delstudien samtyckt till att svara på fler frågor. För att analysera denna empiri används följande teorier och begrepp: Pierre Bourdieus (2004) teori om det symboliska våldet, Simone de Beauvoirs (2017) teori om det andra könet samt Erving Goffmans (2011) begrepp stigma. I resultatet synliggörs hur föreställningar om sexualitet och kön mynnar ut i patriarkala strukturer, vilka påverkar den utsatte på flera plan då det kommer till att söka och få tillgång till hjälp, stöd och vård. Resultatet visar även på socialtjänstens osynlighet i sammanhanget och att få personer valt att vända sig dit för att få stöd. Utöver detta synliggör resultatet att god kompetens och ett gott bemötande är nyckeln för att den utsatte ska vara behjälpt av stöd och vård. / This essay examines how people who have been subjected to sexual violence experience the help, support and care that society provides. The purpose is to look at this from a gender perspective to examine how conceptions of sexuality and gender affect the possibility of help, support and care. The essay's empirical material consists of two qualitative sub-studies. The first sub-study was conducted using a survey via Google form that was distributed on social media, in which 89 people responded. The second sub-study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the chosen topic and the empirical data is collected through e-mail contact with the people who in the previous sub-study agreed to in-depth interviews. To analyze this empiricism the following theories and concepts are used: Pierre Bourdieu's (2004) theory of symbolic violence, Simone de Beauvoir's (2017) theory of the second sex and Erving Goffman's (2011) concept of stigma. The result highlights how conceptions of sexuality and gender result in patriarchal structures, which affect the vulnerable at several levels when it comes to seeking and accessing help, support and care. The result also shows that Social Services, in this context, are perceived as invisible and that the majority of the respondents choose not to request support from them. In addition to this, the result shows that good skills and good care are the key to the victim being assisted by support and care.

”Min magiska värld” är en textil installation avsedd att fungera som en sagohörna i ett bibliotek för barn i förskoleåldern. Med utgångspunkt i 3 mönster skapas en fantasivärld som möter barn på bibliotek. Mönstrade ylletyger har tillverkats för att sedan filtas och placeras i rummet. Meningen med mönstren är att skapa en känsla av skog, harmoni och delaktighet i rummet. / ”Min magiska värld” is a textile installation with the intent purpose of creating a story time escape for pre-schoolers. Thus, acts as a re-presentment of a creative approach towards the childpractical décor of a library. With an outset of three textile patterns, the textile installation seeks to create an illusion of “ fantasy meets reality “ in the visual aspect of an enchanting grove. The fabric in knitted wool have been designed, fabricated and felted to be placed within the selected area. The layout of the patterns bears the essence of creating an increased notion of participation as well as to instil an impression of the kind of harmony that could be sensed in the forest.

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Målet med föreliggande studie är att belysa den sociala dynamik som kan uppstå under ett arbete med organisationsförändring, som både kan motarbeta och leda förändringen framåt. För att lyckas uppnå syftet och få en större förståelse för människorna och den atmosfär som påverkas har undersökningen främst baserats på observationer av möten och workshops relaterade till organisationsförändringen. Då medarbetarna har varit studiens mest väsentliga källa så har intervjufrågor skickats ut via mail, dessutom har informella samtal kontinuerligt hållts med Uppdragsledaren och Alfa. Den teoretiska referensram som använts vid analysen av den sociala dynamiken har haft sin grund i Giddens struktureringsteori samt teorier relaterade till medarbetarnas motstånd mot organisationsförändringar och ledarskap. Detta teoretiska ramverk har bidragit till en djupare förståelse för sociala srukturer, olika normer, sätt att kommunicera och maktförhållanden inom organisationer. Undersökningen visar, bland annat, att medarbetare behöver motiveras och engageras i organisationsförändringar för att arbetet med förändring ska gå i önskad riktning. Mycket av detta ansvar ligger hos ledaren som medarbetarna måste anse vara legitim och professionell för att de ska lyssna och följa riktlinjer. Samtidigt måste det även finnas en balans mellan hur strikt ledarens riktlinjer bör följas och den frihet medarbetarna ges att kunna fatta egna beslut. De olika maktförhållanden människor har till varandra inom organisationer är inte av central betydelse under arbetet med organisationsförändring, så länge det finns en ömsesidig respekt mellan medarbetarna och en vilja att kommunicera och lyssna till varandras åsikter och kunskaper. / The aim of this study is to emphasize the social dynamics that may arise during a project of organizational change, which can both prevent and lead the change forward. The investigation was mainly based on observations during meetings and workshops related to the change project, to get a better understanding for the people and atmosphere affected by the organizational change. Since the employees were the main focus of this study, questions were sent to the co-workers by mail and interviews were held with the leaders of the project. To be able to analyse the social dynamics the theoretical frame of the study was founded on Gidden’s structuration theory, theories of the co-workers resistance against organizational change and leadership. The theoretical frame contributed to get a deeper understanding for social structures in organizations and its different norms, way of communication and power. The research shows, among other things, that co-workers need to be motivated and engaged in the organizational change for the change to move forward. A lot of this responsibility concerns the leader, who has to be seen as legitimate and professional for the co-workers to be able to listen and take orders. There also has to be a balance between the orders that a leader gives and the freedom the employees have to make their own decisions. People in organizations have different power relations which don’t matter during anorganizational change project as long as there is a mutual respect between the employees and a willingness to communicate and listen to each other’s opinions and knowledge.

In this qualitative study ”Nice girls go to heaven but the rest of us go much further”, Johanna Olsson and Caroline Seveson examine how women in male-dominated management boards have experienced and handled female gender roles in order to reach management positions. The study has a gender perspective and semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women. Previous research shows that there is a role incongruity between female gender roles and management positions since these positions often are coded as male. To analyze the material, a theoretical framework was chosen based on previous research and the study’s empirical data. The framework consists of theories discussing structures that can affect women’s career progress and coping strategies that can be used by women to handle female gender roles in order to reach management positions. The analysis shows that female gender roles can affect women’s career progress. The role incongruity between female gender roles and male coded management positions does not seem to have affected the participants notably since they, in comparison to “nice girls”, match the male norm and male coded management positions. The participants have occasionally used a gender neutral strategy, conformist strategy and loyalty strategy in order to reach management positions and parts of the theoretical framework could be developed based on the result of the study.

The aim of this study was to examine the gender standards of male nurses in women-dominated workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors that influenced the psychosocial working environment of male nurses, based on gender perspectives. To get a wider perception, we also studied social support and expectation from the surrounding linked to previous research on male nurses' working conditions. Our intention was to identify gender-related differences that characterize the occupational role. The method used in the study was qualitative and the empirical material was obtained through semi-structured interviews. We interviewed six male nurses based in different medical departments, all located in Western Sweden's health and medical care. We analyzed the results with a focus on gender norms and its impact on the psychosocial work environment. We used Karasek and Theorell's “Demand-control-and support model” in line with Jeding et al. (1999) psychosocial model “The individual program” as an essential tool to reveal potential explanations. Due to regulations and general advice in Swedish health-and medical care, we chose to neglect the aspect control, since it did not have an impact on the results of the study. The findings of the study are that all male nurses who participated in our interviews were experiencing their psychosocial work environment as highly over-loaded. The results also revealed that there is a difference between a gender aspect, in the profession. The majority of the respondents also confirmed they felt expectations to perform certain duties, based on their gender role. By indicate these social structures, we hope to contribute to an increased understanding of the certain conditions that many gender minorities may get involved with, based on social structures and gender norms.

The aim of the study is to examine how the executive leadership and the decision-making process are shaped by the leadership environment in a transition democracy as Venezuela. The questions I intend to answer are: What kind of leadership environment surrounds the leadership and what kind of consequences does it have on the leadership and the decision-making process in Venezuela? To answer my questions I will use the literature: Political Leadership in Liberal Democracies (Elgie, Robert 1995, London: Macmillian), together with the method “The cultural determinist school of history” by Tomas Spencer, later reproduced by Kellerman. The leadership environment provides unique opportunities for a leader to gain control over the decision-making process. Institutional structures and the needs of the society are major parts in determining how the political leadership is exercised. In Venezuela, charismatic President Hugo Chávez is head of the executive branch. The President enjoys great executive power that has diminished the role of the legislature. The policy of a more governmental controlled economy and direct democracy, based on populism has led to a more polarized society. Both historical and socio cultural failures have benefited the presidency. The “partyarchy” is abolished and has been replaced by a personalized policy-making process. The tendency is a leadership environment with a consolidation of the extended power within the executive, and a decision-making process outside the traditional institutional structures that favours the executive.

Arbete som fokuserar på stadens fysiska strukturer samt stadens funktioner inom ett område i centrala Norrköping. I arbetet redovisas dels en allmänteoretisk beskrivning av begreppen hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer och stadens funktion, och därefter en analys av det aktuella planområdet utifrån dessa aspekter. Inledningsvis återges grundläggande historie-, och nutidsbeskrivning av Norrköping samt problembeskrivning för det planområde som uppsatsen avser ge förbättringsförslag för. Uppsatser ger även fördjupad kunskap i såväl allmänteoretiska som platsspecifika ämnen så som hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer, stadens funktion samt om medborgardeltagande. Informationen är hämtad hållbar utveckling, stadens fysiska strukturer, stadens funktion samt om medborgardeltagande. Det planförslag som presenteras i arbetet syftar till att itergrera de olika delarna i centrala Norrköping ur planeringssynpunkt samt ge ett tryggare och livligare centrum i Norrköping med ett ökat flöde av folk och där vissa kvarter inte bara passeras förbi obemärkta utan även ger invånarna anledning att stanna till. Planförlaget analyseras därefter utifrån både långsiktiga och kortsiktiga konsekvenser för samtliga olika faktorer som tagits upp tidigare. Här skall man tydligt kunna se hur väl planförslaget uppfyller sitt syfte. Dessutom presenteras en framtidsanalys för hur jag ser på stadens möjligheter att få en fortsatt hållbar stadsutveckling. / john_e_oster@hotmail.com

I Sverige har normerna kring och synen på faderskap länge varit i förändring och idag både eftersträvas och uppmuntras jämställt föräldraskap. Jämställdhet i föräldraskapet mäts ofta kvantitativt och saknar kvalitativa nyanser. Syftet med föreliggande intervjustudie var därför att undersöka pappors upplevelser av jämställdhet i föräldrablivandet för att erhålla bättre förståelse för deras situation och erfarenheter. Nio semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades tematiskt, vilket resulterade i tre teman: Upplevelse av jämställdhet i omgivningen, Den egna relationen till jämställdhet samt Livet som pappa. Resultatet indikerar att pappor är positivt inställda till jämställt föräldraskap, samtidigt som de kan uppleva både biologiska och samhällsstrukturella hinder i sina ambitioner att vara jämställda. Övervägande beskrevs föräldrablivandet som en omtumlande tid för papporna, präglad främst av glädje och meningsfullhet, men även av utmaningar och stress I konklusion uppmuntras relevanta vårdaktörer att uppmärksamma pappors eventuella behov av stöd och vägledning tidigt i föräldraskapet. / In Sweden the norms regarding and view on fatherhood have long been transforming and today an equal parenting style is both strived for and encouraged. Gender equality in family life is often measured quantitatively and lacks qualitative aspects. The aim of this interview study was therefore to investigate fathers` experiences of gender equality in their transition to fatherhood in order to increase the understanding of their situation and experiences. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed with thematic analysis, which resulted in three themes: Experience of Gender Equality in the environment, One's own relationship to Gender Equality, and Life as a father. The results indicate that the fathers hold a positive attitude towards equal parenting, but can at the same time experience biological and social structural obstacles in their ambitions to be equal. Altogether the transition to parenthood was described by the fathers as an overwhelming time, characterized mostly by happiness and meaningfulness, but also by challenges and stress. In conclusion, healthcare professionals of relevance are encouraged to acknowledge fathers’ potential need of support and guidance in early parenthood.