Nästan en tredjedel av alla anställda i Sverige upplevde under 2020 arbetsrelaterade besvär, så som hög arbetsbelastning, trötthet, oro, ångest eller utmattningssymptom. Arbetsgivare har ett ansvar att arbeta med organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö och ska vid behov ta hjälp av företagshälsovård (FHV) och även samverka med företagshälsovård i preventivt syfte. En misstänkt bidragande orsak till den ökande ohälsan i arbetslivet kan vara att arbetsgivare inte uppfyller sitt fulla ansvar och införlivar arbetet med förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbetsmiljöarbete. Studien undersökte behandlares (psykologer och beteendevetares) upplevelser av att arbeta med stöd till individer som upplever brister i organisatorisk och social arbetsmiljö. En intervjustudie gjordes med åtta informanter från tre olika företagshälsor över hela landet. Analysen bestod av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys som resulterade i fyra kategorier med det övergripande temat Behandlares förutsättningar att arbeta med stöd till hälsa i arbetslivet. Resultatet indikerar att behandlarens roll innebär en balansgång mellan organisationen och klienten vilket ibland kan innebära motstridiga intressen. Studien visar också att behandlarnas stöd i stor utsträckning handlar om att stötta klienter att göra anpassningar för att kunna hantera arbetssituationen i arbetsmiljöer som präglas av höga krav. En implikation av resultaten är att organisationer skulle behöva använda sig av FHV i större utsträckning än i dag i sitt arbetsmiljöarbete, för att förebygga ohälsa och främja hälsa. / Nearly one third of all employees in Sweden experienced work-related problems during 2020, such as heavy workload, worry, fatigue, anxiety or exhaustion disorder. Employers are responsible for the organizational and social work environment and are obliged to take assistance from occupational health services (OHS) when needed, and to collaborate with OHS for preventive purposes. A contributing factor to the increasing ill-health in working life could be that employers do not fulfill their responsibility and incorporate preventive and health-promoting work environment management. The study examined psychologists and behavioral scientists’ experiences of giving support to individuals who experience shortcomings in the organizational and social work environment. An interview study was conducted with eight informants from three different OHS across the country. The analysis consisted of a qualitative content analysis that resulted in four categories with the overall theme Conditions for working with support to increased health in working life. The results indicate that the supporting role involves balancing between the organization and the client, which can sometimes mean conflicting interests. The study also shows that the support is largely about supporting clients to make adjustments, to be able to handle the work situation in work environments that are characterized by high demands. One implication of the results is that organizations would need to use OHS to a greater extent, in order to support an improved work environment, to prevent ill-health and to promote health.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the spectrum of participants in the Questions of Václav Moravec talk show between the years 2016 and 2018. It investigates its political balance, changes over the monitoring period and the impact the 2017 election had on it. Theoretical part deals with qualitative indicators of bias and circumstances that might affect it. It discusses the alternatives to public media and obligations the Czech Television must meet in its shows as defined by law. Content analysis has been chosen as the research method. In the analytical part of the thesis, participants are coded based on their sex, age, political affiliation and function. Obtained results about the spectrum of participants are then confronted with the CT Code to either confirm or refute its compliance.

Mental health issues are an increasing public health problem in Sweden and the most common reason for sick leave. As many preventive measures take a reactive approach, this thesis argues for more preventive work done at an earlier stage. Even though young adults and students feel more stress than other groups, there is a lack of preventive measures for this group. To build stress-resilience in society long term, thus minimizing sick leave, this thesis suggest an enhanced focus on stress prevention for young adults and students. Umeå, with its young population, being the context. By focusing on how architecture can facilitate early stress prevention through social interaction, the thesis’ purpose is to investigate what further aspects and spatial tools could be relevant for preventing negative stress.    Combined with desk-based research, the investigative method has been the architect’s tool of talk, socially interacting with context relevant users and actors. The process included: 1) mapping of a student association, 2) informal group interviews through podcast sessions, set in different spatial contexts, 3) raising and discussing issue with a potential actor and 4) experiencing an existing preventive measure in context. During these moments, spatial aspects relevant for preventing negative stress were collected.   Complementing social interaction, the most commonly discussed aspects, with previous studies of being stress preventive, were knowledge and nature. Having established these three main themes, facilitating architectural tools could be identified.    The findings from the explorative method results in an architectural proposal including a city scale concept and a permanent building program. The city scale concept suggest a permanent-mobile building relationship for flexibility in reach and continued spatial investigations around the city enabling for further improvements. The building program suggests different levels of social interaction integrated by the stress relieving architectural tools.   This thesis finds that by integrating spatial tools facilitating social interaction, knowledge and nature, it is possible to create spatial conditions for early preventing negative stress. The thesis also provides a potential strategy for finding spatial tools answering to an issue in society.   As younger generations are more immersed in digital space, this thesis suggests future studies on the relationship between digital and physical space in relation to social interaction.

Climbing has been part of human nature since time immemorial, our ancestors used it to escape predators, to flee from flooding valleys, to gather food and to move to new territories. However it was not until the middle 1700’s that man started to use climbing not as a means to ensure survival, but as a source of pleasure and desire to climb and explore. For almost two centuries climbing has evolved through, what has often been referred to as a trial and error method, into a state of the art, modern day sport with various sub disciplines like sport climbing, trad - climbing, ice climbing, free climbing and bouldering. In its purest form it is one of the most awe inspiring sports to watch and take part in, and for those select few that dedicate their lives to it, it is a means to make a living, and a way to live on into eternity. Over the past 15 years climbing has become a widely practised and one of the fastest growing sports around the world, and is practised by people from all walks of life, from pre-primary school children right through to retired pensioners, from unemployed students to the most successful business men and women. With this growing interest among the population there also came a growing interest in the use of climbing for various other purposes like psycho-therapy, rehabilitation, team building. But more importantly, for this study, it has urged the researcher to ask what are the discursive resources and strategies that are employed by modern day climbers, seeing as the climbing community consists of such a large variety of people. This study was done from a Discursive Psychology perspective, and was strongly influenced by the work of Jonathan Potter and Derek Edwards, as well as the work of the Rhetoric Group from Loughborough University. The Discursive Psychology approach focuses on management and accomplishment of action and interaction through talk. Discourse is viewed as a resource that functions to accomplish action and Discursive Analysis focuses on the manner that discursive resources are being employed to achieve certain actions in interaction. For Discursive Psychology it is important to view both the material context and embodiment as important in the construction of action. So too in Rock Climbing are these two aspects very important and very relevant because of the prominence of physical activity in the sport. The research focused on how climbers talk during climbing and what discursive resources and strategies they employ during rock climbing discourses. The most prominent of these resources and strategies that were found in the analysis were laughter, pauses and delays, intensifiers ( words that are used to emphasize and pinpoint other words), loud uttering of words, change-of-state tokens, disclaimers, discourse markers, extreme case formulations, agreement-implicative acknowledgement tokens, hedge words / devices, speech-overlapping, previous experiences, and footing. This research hopes to offer alternative explanations in sport and psychology, by studying naturally occurring conversations between climbers, instead of the more traditional pre – and – post experience testing that has dominated studies in psychology for so long. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

Text had abstracts in English and Tshivenda. No keywords / Very few scholars have ventured into language use in media discourse, especially in African Languages. The purpose of this study was to determine the language use in media discourse in the Nḓevhetsini Programme on Phalaphala FM, to investigate linguistic elements that create challenges amongst presenters, reporters, listeners and guest speakers and also the manner in which the message is received by listeners. This study employed a qualitative approach to obtain data from Nḓevhetsini episodes. The episodes were divided into themes identified in order to compare common cases and those that differ in language use amongst presenters, reporters, compilers, listeners and guest speakers engaged on the Nḓevhetsini episodes. The study found that borrowing, code-mixing, dialectal variants use, and not interpreting the English message to listeners bring challenges in language use in media discourse. Language programmes that promote language should be implemented. Rules that guide language use are important in language preservation. / A hu athu tou vha na vhaḓivhi vha maṅwalwa vhe vha sedzulusa kushumisele kwa luambo kha nyanḓadzamafhungo nga maanḓa kha ngudo ya Nyambo dza Vharema. Ndivho ya ngudo yo vha u ṱoḓa u wanulusa kushumisele kwa luambo kha nyanḓadzamafhungo kha mbekanyamushumo ya Nḓevhetsini, ho sedzwa zwiteṅwa zwa luambo zwine zwa vha fha khaedu khathihi na u sedza uri mulaedza u swika nga nḓilaḓe kha vhathetshelesi. Ngudo iyi yo shumisa ngona ya Khwaḽithethivi kha u kuvhanganya mafhungo u bva kha episode ṱhanu. Episode dzo saukanywa u ya nga thero dzo wanalaho hu u itela u ita mbambedzo dza kushumisele kwa luambo dzi fanaho na dzi sa faniho. Ngudo iyi yo wanulusa uri u hadzima, u ṱanganyiswa ha maipfi kana mafurase a nyambo dzo fhambanaho, na u sa pindulelwa ha milaedza ya English ndi khaedu. Milaedza i hashiwaho nga English i ṋea vhathetshelesi khaedu kha kushumisele kwa luambo kha khasho. Mbekanyamushumo na milayo i ṱuṱuwedzaho tshumiso ya Tshivenḓa zwi tea u sikiwa. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Föreliggande studie syftar till att undersöka vilka stödstrukturer lågstadielärare uppger att de bygger i klassrummet för att stötta organiserade samtal i svenskundervisningen. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i den sociokulturella teorin där begreppet stödstruktur är centralt. Vidare har semistrukturerade intervjuer besvarats skriftligt av sju lågstadielärare och i analysen av empirin användes två kategoriseringar av stödstrukturer: intellektuella och fysiska (Säljö, 2000:100). De intellektuella stödstrukturer som framkom i studien är läraren som kommunikativ förebild, det sociala klassrumsklimatet, elevens självkänsla samt kamratlärande. De fysiska stödstrukturer som utkristalliserades i materialet var klassrumsmöblering, text- och bildstöd samt andra fysiska artefakter. Av dessa ansåg flertalet lärare att textoch bildstöd var den bäst fungerande stödstrukturen. Lärarens sätt att visa och vägleda eleverna till att föra samtal, det vill säga att vara en kommunikativ förebild, var ytterligare en stödstruktur som uppfattades som framgångsrik. Bland intervjusvaren nämndes tämligen få fysiska artefakter, vilket var ett oväntat resultat.

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The contemporary office environment is facing new type of challanges both when it comes to be an attractive place for employees and an efficiant, as well as an econommic sustainable space from an employer's perspective. The rapid change of of hybrid ways of working is creating more remote contact with with the physical office. Research points out that there could be social consequences connected to this. This thesis sees the contemporary office as a potential space for enabling contacts between people, normaly not meeting, being in their personal sphere.  The thesis introduces findings connected to research in the field of spatial and urban design as well as architecture, developing a spatial guideline, in how to enable those situations in an office environment.  With help of literature as well as expertise in the field, and an observation of an activity-based office environment different themes is deceted and presented. The outcome of used methods is captured with analyses connected to the connected themes.  Concrete examples in how to enable social contact situations and support informal meetings is visualized in a spatial guideline.

Syftet med denna empiriska studie är att undersöka hur svensklärare arbetar med skönlitteratur för att bidra till ett interkulturellt förhållningssätt och vilken skönlitteratur som lärarna använder till detta. Den tidigare forskningen visar att läsning av böcker kan bidra till mer än bara läsförståelse. Det beskrivs att skönlitteraturen kan ge kunskap om människors olika livsvillkor och på så sätt förklaras litteraturen kunna bidra till ett interkulturellt förhållningssätt. Vidare beskrivs det interkulturella förhållningssättet som väsentligt i skolan och att det har blivit allt viktigare på senare tid, i och med skolornas ökande mångkulturalitet. Studien bygger på fyra intervjuer med yrkesverksamma svensklärare som i intervjuerna delar med sig av hur de arbetar interkulturellt genom skönlitteraturen och vilken skönlitteratur de använder till detta. Intervjusvaren ställdes därefter mot den tidigare forskningen för att reda ut likheter och skillnader mellan dessa. Studien visar att många strategier som den tidigare forskningen tar upp också används av de intervjuade lärarna. Utöver dessa ger lärarna andra exempel på användbara strategier såsom högläsning, diskussioner i grupper och skönlitterära verk för undervisningen som inte framkommer i den tidigare forskningen.