Allt snabbare förändringar i samhället ställer krav på att organisationerna hänger med i dessa förändringar; att de anpassar sig och utvecklar sig för att bibehålla sitt existensberättigande. Ett sätt att möta dessa utmaningar kan vara att arbeta med offensiv kvalitetsutveckling som karaktäriseras av kulturen och de värderingar den bygger på samt systemsynen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur denna typ av värderingar kan integreras i verksamheten. Vid studien tillämpades kvalitativ forskningsmetod med abduktiv slutledning. Studien utformades som en enfallstudie och datainsamling skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, dokumentstudier samt studier av audiovisuella data. Resultatet visade att värderingar för kvalitetskultur kan integreras i organisationens egen värdegrund samt policys samt att värderingar kan kopplas ihop med visionen. Värderingarna kan vidare levandegöras i organisationen genom en uppsättning av arbetssätt och verktyg. Studien visade även att värderingar för kvalitetskultur kan integreras i verksamheten i olika faser. / Increasingly rapid changes in society mean that organizations need to constantly adapt and develop, this is central to their continued existence. One way to meet these challenges can be to implement and apply Total Quality Management that is characterized by the culture and the values on which it is based, as well as the system view. The purpose of the study was to investigate how this type of values can be integrated into the organizations.  The study applied a qualitative research method with abductive approach. The study was designed as a single case study and data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, document studies and studies of audiovisual data.  The results showed that values for quality culture can be integrated into the organization's own core values and policies, and that values can be linked to the vision. The values can also be brought to life in the organization through a set of working methods and tools. The study also showed that values for quality culture can be integrated into the organizations in different phases / <p>2021-06-06</p>

Production lines for assembling two parts by screwing require flexible positioning and accurate tightening torque. Working with screwed products in process lines can cause bodily harm. The project aims to develop an application to compensate for the monotonous and tiring work. This report reviews the integration of Bosch Rexroth’s Compact module, and Linear module with an ErgoSpin. The project’s objective entails a turnkey solution for a developed application to be implemented in production lines. The ErgoSpin is a fast, self-tightened screwdriver placed over the screw by measuring the angle, gradient, and tension with the optimal tightening torque. The integration of the products is both electrical and mechanical. Mechanical elements were designed to merge the products into an application. The electrical interfaces between the products were connected and programmed through Bosch Rexroth IndraDrive, and a motion control system. By integrating these products, and implementing them in a production line, the work can be performed more efficiently, and the employees can focus on other tasks. The application is intended to work beside a conveyor unit in assembly stations. Tests were performed to assemble plates with different distances between the hotels and different sizes of screws. The test measured the time it took the application to assemble parts with different distances between the holes and the actual tightening torque it entailed. The results from the tests indicated that optimal tightening torque was achieved for all tests and that the execution of the application has no influence on the mechanical performance. The time difference for the various distances between the holes was almost negligible, and indicated rapid changes between the holes. The time difference between the different screw dimensions proves a slight increase in time for the larger dimensions. The risk assessment was conducted on the application by FMEA to account for all potential hazards based on events in the application’s area of use. The FMEA also provides the proposed actions to prevent the risks.

Lämpar sig alla typer av organisationskultur för kvalitetsinitiativ enligt metoden Total Quality Management(TQM)? Uppsatsen belyserden frågan med utgångspunkt i en fallstudie av en svensk domstol där en ny myndighetschef tillträdde 2021. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur den upplevda och önskade organisationskulturen vid en svensk domstol förändrades under det första året sedan en ny myndighetschef tillträtt. Syftet är ocksåattundersöka hur organisationskulturen skiljer sig mellan domstolens olika yrkeskategorier, och om förändringen mellan mättillfällena skiljer sig åt mellan dem. Syftet är -slutligen -att med utgångspunkt i den uppmätta organisationskulturen ta ställning till om organisationskulturen i domstolen lämpar sig för kvalitetsinitiativ enligt TQM eller inte. Syftet preciseras i följande frågeställningar:•Hur förändrades den upplevda och önskade organisationskulturen i domstolen och dess olika yrkeskategorier mellan 2021, då en ny myndighetschef tillträdde, och 2022?•Har domstolen våren 2022 en organisationskultur som lämpar sig för kvalitetsinitiativ enligt TQM?Undersökningen genomfördes genom intervjuer med domstolens ledningsgrupp,genom enkäterriktade till hela personalenoch genom en litteraturstudie. Resultatet visar att organisationskulturen förändrades såtillvida att den interna orienteringen och orienteringen mot stabilitet minskade, liksom genomslaget för den hierarkiska organisationskulturen.Domstolen har 2022 inte en organisationskultur som lämpar sig för kvalitetsinitiativ enligt TQM,eftersom de kulturella dimensionerna i TQM är oförenliga med domstolens organisationskultur. I uppsatsen diskuteras mot den bakgrunden de brister som har uppfattats i teoribildningen inom kvalitetsområdetoch som kan kopplas till organisationskulturen och dess betydelse. / Are all types of organizational culture suitable for quality initiatives according to the Total Quality Management (TQM) method? The essay sheds light on this issue on the basis of a case study ina Swedish court where a new head of authority took office in 2021.The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how the perceived and desired organizational culture in a Swedish court changedduring the first year since a new head of authority took office.The purpose is also to examine how the organizational culture differs between the court's different professional categories, and whether the change between the measurement occasions differs between them. The purpose is -finally -to take a position on the basis of the measured organizational culture on whether the organizational culture in the court is suitable for quality initiatives according to TQM or not.The purpose is specified in the following questions:• How did the perceived and desired organizational culture in the court and its various professional categories change between 2021, when a new head of authority took office, and 2022?• Does the court in the spring of 2022 have an organizational culture that is suitable for quality initiatives according to TQM?The survey wasconducted through interviews with the court's management team, through questionnaires addressed to the entire staff and through a literature study.The results show that the organizational culture changedto the extent that theinternal orientation and the orientation towards stabilitydecreased, as didthe dominance ofthe hierarchical organizational culture. In 2022 the court does not have an organizational culture that is suitable for quality initiatives according to TQM, since the cultural dimensions of TQM are incompatible with the court's organizational culture. In the essay, against this background, the shortcomings that have been perceived in the theory formation within the quality area and that can be linked to the organizational culture and its significance are discussed. / <p>2022-06-05</p>

Konsumenters krav gällande kvalitet, miljö och hållbarhet har ökat de senaste åren. För att möta dessa krav väljer många organisationer att inför olika ledningssystem. Hållbart företagande med fokus på att uppnå balans mellan miljö, samhälle och ekonomi är i fokus för att företag ska klara av att möta de krav som konsumenter ställer. Utifrån omvärldens krav ger det inte utrymme för en organisation att sakna verktyg och arbetssätt för hållbar utveckling och ständig förbättring. Organisationen i studien saknar ett dokumenterat ledningssystem och hypotesen är att ett företag som saknar detta inte nyttjar resurser hållbart. Vidare var syfte att undersöka styrningen i organisationen för att få ett nuläge gällande organisationens arbete med hållbar utveckling och ständig förbättring. Utifrån nuläget var sedan syftet att ta fram ett ramverk för ett integrerat ledningssystem utifrån ISO 9001/14001 och därutöver upprätta dokumentation och en plan för hur organisationen kan arbeta vidare med hållbar utveckling och ständig förbättring. Den teori som studien lutar sig mot är offensiv kvalitetsutveckling i kombination med standarderna för ISO 9001 och 14001. Studiens ansats har ett hermeneutiskt vetenskapsideal och vetenskapsmetoden är abduktion. Studien har designats som en kvalitativ fallstudie där datainsamlingen skett genom litteraturstudier, intervjuer och dokumentstudier. Det resultat som studien visar är att organisationen i låg utsträckning har en styrning som går i linje med principerna som ISO standarden grundar sig i och därmed inte arbetar systematiskt med ständig förbättring och hållbar utveckling. För att stänga gapet har författarna tagit fram ett ramverk för ett integrerat ledningssystem i enlighet med ISO 9001 och 14001. Ett antal dokumenten har upprättats och en plan för organisationens fortsatta arbete har tagits fram. / Consumer demands regarding quality and sustainability have increased in recent years. To meet these requirements, many organizations choose to introduce management systems. Sustainable business with a focus on achieving a balance between the environment, society and economy is in focus for companies to be able to meet consumer requirements. Based on the demands, it does not leave room for an organization to lack tools and working methods for sustainable development and continuous improvement. The organization in the study lacks a documented management system and the hypothesis is that a company that lacks one does not use resources sustainably. Based on this, the purpose of the study was to examine the management in the organization to obtain a current situation regarding the organization's work with sustainable development and continuous improvement. The aim was to produce a framework for an integrated management system based on ISO 9001/14001 and in addition to establish documentation and a plan for how the organization can continue to work with sustainable development and continuous improvement. The theory that the study relies on is total quality management in combination with the standards of ISO 9001 and 14001. The study has a hermeneutic approach, and the scientific method is abduction. The study has been designed as a qualitative case study where the data is literature studies, interviews and document studies. The result shows that the organization to a low extent has a management that is in line with the the principles on which the ISO standard is based and thus does not work systematically with continuous improvement and sustainable development. To close the gap, a framework for an integrated management system in accordance with ISO 9001 and 14001 was developed. Some governing documents have been drawn up and a plan for the continued work of the organization has been developed.

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components in various electronic devices, playing a vital role in their functionality. Over time, PCBs have evolved significantly, becoming smaller, more complex, and multi-layered to meet the demands of advancing technology and consumer preferences. The quality of solder paste deposits is measured by circularity, volume, positioning, and the number of satellites. Mycronic is a supplier of jet printing machines for PCB manufacturers and needs to investigate and counteract an unwanted variation in volume and positioning within the first dot of the solder paste strip, and its so-called “sea saw” effect for the following three dots.  This master’s thesis has two aims. The first aim is to develop and evaluate an experimental method to reduce variation between the dots in the strip. The second aim is to reduce the variation between the 1st dot and the following three dots by finding a combination of pre-feed, first, second, and third waveforms to obtain improved precision, volume, circularity, and reduced volume variation. Using an experimental design a full factorial design was used, examining six experimental factors. The design was further augmented with a central composite design to describe the second-order model. The knowledge from the experiment was used to optimize and improve the quality factors of jet printing, which were verified with an additional experiment. The results of the study provided compelling evidence that only the selected experimental factors had a significant impact on improving the volume metric. It was observed that the presence or absence of satellites during the experiment did not have any effect on the results, and neither did the positioning and circularity factors contribute to any improvement or deterioration. Specifically, the most significant difference in volume between 1st and following three dots for the optimized solution is 0.5 nl, and the currently used settings have a difference of 2.65 nl. The experimental approach employed in this master's thesis holds excellent promise for Mycronic, as it paves the way for the future development of piezo-actuation profiles (i.e. specific settings for the jet printer). The potential contributions to the industry are significant, particularly in terms of advancing the methodology for investigating and enhancing the quality metrics of piezo-actuation profiles through experimental means. This research opens up new avenues for Mycronic to refine its printing processes and improve overall print quality, ultimately leading to better outcomes for their customers.

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to study a process within Systembolaget AB that affects a selected part of the assortment model. The assortment is defined as TSE, which stands for tillfälligt sortiment exklusivt, that can be described as temporary assortment exclusively. According to Systembolaget the process currently lacks clarity with associated deviations in launch plans of TSE items to stores. The purpose is to improve visibility to counteract deviations in the process. Method: The report's data collection consists of semi-structured interview studies, literature studies and document review. Analysis of data has been accomplished by a fishbone diagram. Theory: The theoretical framework is made up of the kano model, Porter's five forces and ISO 9000. Results: The TSE process is necessary for Systembolaget's attractiveness as an alcohol monopoly. The range contributes to a width of offers for the customer and satisfies customers who demand more alcoholic drinks than what is available in the fixed range. TSE is mostly a stated need that has one-dimensional attributes that increase customer satisfaction and fulfillment rates. The fishbone diagram has excavated underlying root causes and identified method and measurement as the most serious in affecting quality deficiencies. Systembolaget's power structures in the microenvironment are significantly dependent on the suppliers' ability to act. Currently, the TSE process lacks a quality and management system, with the consequence that a vision, business concept and definition of quality are missing. Likewise, there is no measurement system for measuring the performance of the process in the form of deviations from launch plans. There are still challenges with the lack of internal software systems that impair the transparency of the process. Conclusion: The report suggests that the organization examines the suitability of implementing a quality and management system, measurement system, system support and vision and business idea. / Syfte: Rapportens syfte är att studera en process inom Systembolaget AB som berör en utvald del inom sortimentsmodellen. Sortimentet betecknas TSE som står för tillfälligt sortiment exklusivt. Processen i dagsläget brister i överskådlighet med tillhörande avvikelser i lanseringsplaner av TSE-artiklar till butiker. Syftet är att förbättra överskådligheten i TSE-processen för att motverka avvikelser lanseringsplanerna.   Metod: Rapportens datainsamling består av semistrukturerade intervjustudier, litteraturstudier och dokumentgranskning. Dataanalysen har gjorts med hjälp av fiskbensdiagram. Teori: Det teoretiska ramverket är uppbyggt av kanomodellen, Porter´s five forces och ISO 9000. Resultat: TSE-processen är nödvändig för Systembolagets attraktivitet som alkoholmonopol, då sortimentet bidrar till en bredd i erbjudande för kunden och tillfredsställer kunder som efterfrågar fler alkoholdrycker än det som finns i fasta sortimentet. TSE är till största del ett uttalat behov som har endimensionella attribut som höjer kundtillfredsställelsen och uppfyllelsegraden. Fiksbensdiagrammet har urholkat bakomliggande rotorsaker och identifierat metod och mätning som störst allvarlighet i påverkan av kvalitetsbrister. Systembolagets maktstrukturer i mikromiljön är signifikant beroende av leverantörernas handlingskraft. I dagsläget saknar TSE-processen ett kvalitets- och ledningssystem med efterföljd att vision, verksamhetsidé och definition av kvalitet saknas. Likaså saknas mätsystem för mätning av processens prestanda i form av avvikelser av lanseringsplaner. Fortsättningsvis finns utmaningar med avsaknad av interna stödsystem som försämrar överskådligheten av processen. Slutsats: Rapporten föreslår att organisationen undersöker lämplighet av att implementera ett kvalitets- och ledningssystem, mätsystem, systemstöd och vision samt verksamhetsidé.

Gravel roads are essential for economic development as they facilitate the movement of people, transportation of goods and services, and promote cultural and social development. They typically connect sparsely populated rural areas to urban centres, providing essential access for residents and entrepreneurs. Maintaining these roads to an acceptable level of service is crucial for the efficient and safe transportation of goods and services. However, substantial maintenance investmentis required, yet resources are limited. Gravel roads are prone to dust, potholes, corrugations, rutting and loose gravel. They deteriorate faster than paved roads, and their failure development is affected by traffic action and physical, geometric and climatic factors. Thus, more condition monitoring and proper road condition assessment are necessary for dynamic maintenance planning to reach efficiency and effectiveness using objective, data-driven condition assessment methods to ensure all-year-round access. However, objective data-driven methods (DDMs) are not frequently used for gravel road condition assessment, and where they have been applied, the practical implementation is limited. Instead, visual windshield assessment and manual methods are predominant. Visual assessments are unreliable and susceptible to human judgement errors, while manual methods are time-consuming and labour-intensive. Maintenance activities are predetermined despite dynamic maintenance needs, and the planning is based on historical failure data rather than the actual road condition. This thesis establishes a data-driven approach to gravel road maintenance describing the systematic assessment of the gravel road condition and collection of the condition data to ensure efficient and effective maintenance planning. This thesis uses a design research methodology based on a literature review, concept development, interview study and field experiments. A holistic approach is proposed for data-driven maintenance of gravel roads encompassing objective condition data collection, processing, analysing, and interpreting the findings for obtaining reliable information concerning the condition to gravel road decision support by utilising the opportunities presented by technological advancements, particularly sensor technology. Then, decision-making is primarily influenced by the objectively collected gravel road condition data rather than the evaluator’s perception or experience. The successful implementation of a data-driven approach depends on the quality of the collected data; therefore, data relevance and quality are emphasised in this thesis. The lack of data quality and relevance hinders effective data utilisation, leading to less precisionin decision-making and ineffective decisions. Furthermore, the thesis proposes a participatory data-driven approach for unpaved road condition monitoring, allowing road users to be part of the maintenance process and providing an efficient and effective alternative for collecting road condition data and accomplishing broad coverage at minimum cost. A top-down iiapproach for data-driven gravel road condition classification is proposed to achieve an objective assessment to address the lack of readily available quality and relevant condition data. The established data-driven approach to gravel road maintenance is evaluated and verified with field experiments on three gravel roads in Växjö municipality, Southern Sweden. The research findings indicate that properly implementing a data-driven approach to gravel road maintenance would ensure efficient and effective condition assessment and classification, which are a basis for a maintenance management system of gravel roads and enable road maintainers and authorities to achieve cost-effective decision-making. / Sustainable maintenance of gravel road

Denna fallstudie har syftat till att undersöka hur samverkan mellan region och kommuner i framtagandet av en regional utvecklingsstrategi kan uppnås och främjas. Studiens syfte är också att undersöka hur kvalitetsteknikens teorier kring kund- och leverantörssamverkan samt teorier kring partnerskap kan användas för att förstå relationen mellan region och kommun i arbetet med den regionala utvecklingsstrategin. Studien undersöker arbetet med att ta fram en ny regional utvecklingsstrategi för Gävleborgs län. Datainsamlingen består av kvalitativa intervjuer med kommunala politiker och tjänstepersoner med ett övergripande ansvar för kommunernas verksamhet. Resultatet visar att Region Gävleborg har skapat förutsättningar för kommunerna att påverka arbetet med och utformningen av den regionala utvecklingsstrategin. Upplevd otydlighet kring ansvar och förväntningar på deltagande har gjort att kommunernas organisation av och deltagande i arbetet med den regionala utvecklingsstrategin inte har varit optimal. Det gör att arbetet inte når upp till de krav som ställs på samverkan utifrån de teorier som presenterats. Genom att använda sig av modeller för partnerskap och leverantörssamverkan skulle regioner kunna åstadkomma en bättre samverkan inom det regionala utvecklingsarbetet i allmänhet och arbetet med att ta fram en ny regional utvecklingsstrategi i synnerhet. / This case study aims to examine how a fruitful cooperation between county councils and municipalities can be achieved and promoted when they set out to develop a regional development strategy. This case study also explores how theories concerning customer- and supplier cooperation within quality management can be used to understand the relationship between county councils and municipalities in relation to regional development. The case study concerns the creation of a new regional development strategy for Gävleborg County. Data collection consists of qualitative interviews with politicians and officials from municipalities in Gävleborg County with an overall responsibility for within the municipalities. The results show that Gävleborg County has managed to create the prerequisites needed for the municipalities to influence both the process and the regional development strategy. Ambiguity concerning roles and responsibilities led to a less efficient organization and participation from the municipalities’ side in shaping the regional development strategy, with the consequence that the commitment doesn’t meet the criteria for cooperation in the presented theories. By using the models for partnership and supplier cooperation counties could achieve a better cooperation within regional development, including the commitment of shaping a new regional development strategy. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

Hälso- och sjukvården behöver ständigt förbättras för att klara framtidens utmaningar och möta de krav som ställs från så väl befolkning som politisk ledning. En förutsättning för att lyckas är att systematiskt arbeta med offensiv kvalitetsutveckling och att se patienten som en medskapare. Trots att fördelarna med användarinvolvering är tydliga så sker det sällan. Denna intervjustudie, som framför allt var kvalitativ med en fenomenologisk metodansats, syftade till att bidra med kunskapsutveckling kring användarinvolvering i primärvården för att skapa en ökad organisatorisk förmåga för offensiv kvalitetsutveckling. Forskningsfrågor som besvarades var hur verksamhetschefer i primärvården såg på användarinvolvering och vilka faktorer verksamhetscheferna i primärvården upplevde som främjande respektive hämmande för användarinvolvering.  Nio verksamhetschefer i primärvården i Region Dalarna intervjuades. Resultatet från intervjuerna tematiserades utifrån offensiv kvalitetsutveckling sett som ett ledningssystem i allmänhet och Hörnstensmodellens värderingar i synnerhet. I slutsatserna framkom att användarinvolvering ansågs vara viktigt för att möta befolkningens behov men att det fanns cementerade syn- och tankesätt som bidrog till att förbättringsarbeten i regel tog sin utgångspunkt i att verksamheten utvecklade hälso- och sjukvården för användarna snarare än med. Uppfattningen var också att användarinvolvering till viss del redan skedde, även om den framför allt var av reaktiv karaktär. Genom att på andra sätt och i större utsträckning involvera användarna skulle värdet kunna öka och den personcentrerade vården ta sig uttryck i handling. Examensarbetet har genererat kunskaper om vilka faktorer som krävs för att öka och framgångsrikt arbeta med användarinvolvering. / Healthcare needs to be continously improved to meet the challenges of the future and meet the demands of both the population and politicians. A prerequisite for success is to work systematically with Total Quality Management (TQM) and to see the patient as a co-creator. Although the benefits of user involvement are clear, it rarely happens. This interview study, which was primarily qualitative with a phenomenological methodological approach, aimed to contribute with knowledge development around user involvement in primary care to create an increased organizational capacity for TQM. Research questions that were answered were how operations managers in primary care viewed user involvement and what factors the operations managers in primary care perceived as promoting or inhibiting user involvement.  Nine operation managers in primary care in the Dalarna Region were interviewed. The results from the interviews were thematized on the basis of TQM seen as a system in general and the Corner Stone Model's values in particular. The conclusions showed that user involvement was considered important to meet the needs of the population, but that there were cemented views and mindsets that contributed to improvement work usually being based on developing healthcare for users rather than with.  The perception was also that user involvement had to some extent already taken place, even though it mostly were of a reactive nature. By involving users in other ways and to a greater extent, the value could increase and the person-centered care be expressed in action. The master thesis has generated knowledge of the factors required to increase and successfully work with user involvement. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

Vi lever i en värld av ständig utveckling och för att vara konkurrenskraftiga behöver organisationer följa med i denna utveckling. En förutsättning för innovationer och förbättringsarbete är förmågan att göra organisationens medarbetare delaktiga i arbetet. I och med Covid-19-pandemin blev distansarbete det nya normala och synen på arbetsplatsen förändrades. Den här studiens syfte har varit att bidra med kunskap om hur ledare och medarbetare ser på möjligheter till delaktighet vid ett flexibelt arbetssätt. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats med intervjuer av ledare och medarbetare i en offentlig organisation. Organisationen som valdes hade nyligen infört ett flexibelt arbetssätt i samband med återgången efter Covid-19 pandemin. I studien framkom sju teman som på olika sätt har betydelse för förutsättningarna att skapa delaktighet i arbetet. Dessa teman var Autonomi, Kommunikation, Relationer och gruppidentitet, Utveckling, Produktivitet, Tillit och Ledarskap. En möjlighet som framkom i studien var ett ökat inflytande över beslut rörande arbetstid och -plats. Studien visar på att en av de större utmaningarna för delaktighet är kommunikation, främst rör detta hybridmöten och avsaknaden av spontana interaktioner. I studien framkommer också att ledare behöver skapa bra strukturer för kommunikation för att främja både de sociala banden och de arbetsrelaterade uppgifterna. Ledare behöver också vara närvarande och uppmärksamma varje medarbetare så att dessa känner sig inkluderade och sedda, även när arbetet sker på distans. / We live in a world of constant change and to be competitive, organizations need to keep up with this development. A prerequisite for innovations and improvements is the organization's ability to involve its employees. With the Covid-19 pandemic, working from home became the new norm and the perception of the workplace changed. The purpose of this study has been to contribute knowledge of how leaders and employees view opportunities for participation when working flexible. The study is based on a qualitative approach with interviews of leaders and employees in a public organization. The studied organization had recently introduced a flexible way of working when returning to the workplace after the Covid-19 pandemic. The study revealed seven themes that in different ways are important for creating employee participation. These themes were Autonomy, Communication, Relationships and Group Identity, Development, Productivity, Trust and Leadership. One possibility for participation that emerged in the study was an increased influence on decisions regarding working arrangements. The study shows that one of the major challenges for participation is communication, mainly concerning hybrid meetings and the lack of spontaneous interactions. The study also shows that leaders need to create good structures for communication to promote both the social ties and the work-related tasks. Leaders also need to be present and pay attention to each employee so that they feel included and seen, even when working remotely. / <p>2022-06-05</p>