Turistiskt kulturutövande – en studie om autentiska kulturarv fiktiva kontexter i Skara och Skottland, är en magisteruppsats som studerar ett fenomen kallat för ”fiktiva kulturarv”. Två fallstudier, ”Arnfenomenet” och ”Da Vinci- effekten”, analyseras utifrån uppkomst, kulturturistisk form och marknadsföring. Turistiskt kulturutövande har allt mer börjat innebära samarbetsprojekt mellan kultursektorn och turismnäringen vilket fört med sig både positiva och negativa reaktioner. Uppsatsen presenterar hur det fiktiva kulturarvet med dess autentiska och fiktiva delar kan bidra till både möjligheter och begränsningar inom kulturturistiska samarbetsprojekt. / “A study of fictional context in the intermediary of authentic cultural heritage in Skara and Scotland” is a study about a phenomenon called “fictional cultural heritage”. Two case studies, “the Arnphenomena” and “the Da Vinci- effect”, are analysed from their origin, marketing and different aspects of cultural tourism. Cultural tourism has more frequently been used as collaborated projects between the tourism industry and the heritage industry. These projects have brought both positive and negative reactions. This study shows the “fictional cultural heritage” and how it’s authentic and fictional aspects can entail both possibilities and limitations.

Orientador: Wilson Cano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T04:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Colantonio_FelipeCaboclo_M.pdf: 1230614 bytes, checksum: c12f82f9aad6c923a7b95434ee51d2d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo averiguar as transformações socioeconômicas ocorridas na região da Baixada Santista, principalmente a partir da década de 70. Partindo da premissa que os municípios da região não se caracterizam por uma dinâmica metropolitana, mas sim por uma área nuclear com uma diversidade de atividades econômicas e outras duas regiões que são vetores de expansão demográficos e econômicos pautados nas atividades relacionadas ao lazer balneário. O estudo mostra do ponto de vista econômico que até o início da década atual a região apresentou um período de forte retração do número de postos de trabalho e da grande redução dos investimentos devido aos problemas ambientais no pólo industrial de Cubatão e à reestruturação do papel do Estado brasileiro a partir de 1990, impactaram fortemente sobre o poder indutor do complexo portuário e do pólo industrial de Cubatão na região. Do ponto de visto demográfico, intensificou-se sua descentralização com o processo de periferização as camadas sociais de menor poder aquisitivo e do aumento das atividades de lazer balneário nos municípios mais afastados (Bertioga, Praia Grande, Mongaguá etc). Recentemente, a retomada do crescimento econômico no país em 2004 e o início das atividades de prospecção da Petrobrás geraram um aumento substancial do emprego e investimentos na região. Contudo, a atual crise mundial torna uma incógnita os diversos projetos de investimento que estavam sendo prometidos para a região. / Abstract: This job aims to understand the economic and social transformations of the Baixada Santista, especially since 1970. The hipothesis of this work is that the dynamic of its cities do not behave as a metropolitan one, but as a nuclear area with a diversity of economic activities and another two sub regions that theirs demographic and economic dynamics depends only on coast tourism activities. The study shows, from the economic aspect, that until the beginning of this decade the region had increased the unemployment and had a great decline in the investments due to the environmental problems and the restructure of the Brazilian Public Sector since 1990. These issues have weakened the induction power that the seaport facilities and the industrial valley of Cubatão had once in the region. From the demographic perspective, its decentralization enhanced due both to the suburb process of the of the social of lower power of purchase and the increase of the coast tourism economic activities of the most remote cities (Bertioga, Praia Grande, Mongaguá etc). Recently, the regain of the economic growth of the country in 2004 and the beginning of the oil extraction of Petrobras cause a considerable increase in the employment and investment in the region. Although, the actual word economic crises turns into doubt the several productive investment projects that are been promised for the region. / Mestrado / Economia Regional e Urbana / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

O tropeirismo, de papel inquestionável, tanto no desenvolvimento do transporte de cargas, como nas relações sociais e humanas que estabeleceriam, constituiu-se, principalmente, de pessoas respeitadas pela honestidade, cumprimento das obrigações e pela dedicação familiar. Observa-se grande importância histórica nesse período, que foi responsável pelo desenvolvimento das cidades de nossa região e que até hoje exerce forte influência. O presente estudo tem por finalidade investigar as trilhas conhecidas por Caminho das Tropas, realizando um reconhecimento do trajeto nos locais que foram demarcados por tropas a partir do século XVII, na região do vale do Paraíba. Procurou-se observar os impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo desenvolvimento da região, desenvolver futuros projetos turísticos e formatar novos produtos destinados à formação escolar, no que se refere à educação ambiental no Turismo Rural. Para tanto, tomou-se como modelo de estudo o Projeto Estrada Real, desenvolvido no Estado de Minas Gerais. Este modelo serviu como parâmetro na elaboração do estudo, quanto às ações de estratégia de desenvolvimento voltadas à sustentabilidade. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza técnica e qualitativa. Não se detectou nenhum trabalho que contemple este tema, com desenvolvimento por meio de pesquisa documental e levantamento in loco, para demarcação do Caminho das Tropas. A amostra escolhida para o trabalho foi a Rota da serra do Quebra Cangalha, que parte de Taubaté, passa por Pindamonhangaba, Estrada da Malacacheta, Lagoinha, Cunha, e segue em direção a Paraty, com 76km (setenta e seis quilômetros). Ao final do trabalho, apresenta-se o levantamento de novas rotas, que poderão ser utilizadas em projetos turísticos da região e em educação ambiental. Foram demarcados os pontos históricos e turísticos e a localização de cavernas, grutas, cachoeiras e fazendas, com a finalidade de promover o turismo rural, de grande potencial, nesta região. Este levantamento poderá ser utilizado no desenvolvimento de futuras ações de projetos de sustentabilidade local e da comunidade no vale do Paraíba. / O tropeirismo, de papel inquestionável, tanto no desenvolvimento do transporte de cargas, como nas relações sociais e humanas que estabeleceriam, constituiu-se, principalmente, de pessoas respeitadas pela honestidade, cumprimento das obrigações e pela dedicação familiar. Observa-se grande importância histórica nesse período, que foi responsável pelo desenvolvimento das cidades de nossa região e que até hoje exerce forte influência. O presente estudo tem por finalidade investigar as trilhas conhecidas por Caminho das Tropas, realizando um reconhecimento do trajeto nos locais que foram demarcados por tropas a partir do século XVII, na região do vale do Paraíba. Procurou-se observar os impactos ambientais ocasionados pelo desenvolvimento da região, desenvolver futuros projetos turísticos e formatar novos produtos destinados à formação escolar, no que se refere à educação ambiental no Turismo Rural. Para tanto, tomou-se como modelo de estudo o Projeto Estrada Real, desenvolvido no Estado de Minas Gerais. Este modelo serviu como parâmetro na elaboração do estudo, quanto às ações de estratégia de desenvolvimento voltadas à sustentabilidade. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza técnica e qualitativa. Não se detectou nenhum trabalho que contemple este tema, com desenvolvimento por meio de pesquisa documental e levantamento in loco, para demarcação do Caminho das Tropas. A amostra escolhida para o trabalho foi a Rota da serra do Quebra Cangalha, que parte de Taubaté, passa por Pindamonhangaba, Estrada da Malacacheta, Lagoinha, Cunha, e segue em direção a Paraty, com 76km (setenta e seis quilômetros). Ao final do trabalho, apresenta-se o levantamento de novas rotas, que poderão ser utilizadas em projetos turísticos da região e em educação ambiental. Foram demarcados os pontos históricos e turísticos e a localização de cavernas, grutas, cachoeiras e fazendas, com a finalidade de promover o turismo rural, de grande potencial, nesta região. Este levantamento poderá ser utilizado no desenvolvimento de futuras ações de projetos de sustentabilidade local e da comunidade no vale do Paraíba. / The tropeirismo, whose importance was fundamental as much at load transportation development as in the social and human relationship that it would perform, was in the majority, composed by respected people due to their honesty, fulfillment of their obligations and familiar devotion. It is observed a great historical importance of this period, which was responsible for the development of the cities of our region and currently exerts strong influence. The purpose of this research is to investigate the tracks known as Caminhos das Tropas, performing a recognition of the route at the region, observing the environment impacts caused by the region development, aiming to develop touristic projects in the future and create new products at the region. It was taken as a study model the Estrada Real project, developed at Minas Gerais state, which will be useful as a parameter for this project elaboration, with development strategy actions turned to sustainability. It was a technical and qualitative natured research, because we could not find out any work that mentioned this subject, developed by documentary research and in loco, survey to define the Caminho das Tropas. The sample chosen for this work was the route of the serra do Quebra Cangalha, that departs from Taubaté, pass through Pindamonhangaba, Estrada da Malacacheta, Lagoinha, Cunha and goes towards Paraty, with 76 (seventy six) km. By the end, A research about new routes was elaborated, which could be that could be used at touristic projects for the region, demarcating historical and touristic points as caves, grootos and waterfalls with the objective of country tourism development, that has great potential in this region, and could be used for future projects at Vale do Paraíba, aiming local and community self sustenance. / The tropeirismo, whose importance was fundamental as much at load transportation development as in the social and human relationship that it would perform, was in the majority, composed by respected people due to their honesty, fulfillment of their obligations and familiar devotion. It is observed a great historical importance of this period, which was responsible for the development of the cities of our region and currently exerts strong influence. The purpose of this research is to investigate the tracks known as Caminhos das Tropas, performing a recognition of the route at the region, observing the environment impacts caused by the region development, aiming to develop touristic projects in the future and create new products at the region. It was taken as a study model the Estrada Real project, developed at Minas Gerais state, which will be useful as a parameter for this project elaboration, with development strategy actions turned to sustainability. It was a technical and qualitative natured research, because we could not find out any work that mentioned this subject, developed by documentary research and in loco, survey to define the Caminho das Tropas. The sample chosen for this work was the route of the serra do Quebra Cangalha, that departs from Taubaté, pass through Pindamonhangaba, Estrada da Malacacheta, Lagoinha, Cunha and goes towards Paraty, with 76 (seventy six) km. By the end, A research about new routes was elaborated, which could be that could be used at touristic projects for the region, demarcating historical and touristic points as caves, grootos and waterfalls with the objective of country tourism development, that has great potential in this region, and could be used for future projects at Vale do Paraíba, aiming local and community self sustenance.

Teknologiska innovationer är i ständig utveckling. Detta öppnar upp nya möjligheter för diverse branscher att utveckla sig och stärka sitt varumärke. Under de senaste åren har virtuell verklighetsteknik varit en av de snabbast framväxande teknologierna. Med anledning av detta har tekniken uppmärksammas av flera branscher. Virtuell verklighetsteknik anses vara väldigt effektivt när det kommer till produktion av upplevelser. Turismbranschen är en bransch som huvudsakligen grundar sig på upplevelser och erfarenheter. Därför är det av intresse att undersöka den eventuella kopplingen mellan turismbranschen och VR-teknik. I denna uppsats presenteras en kvalitativ studie om virtuell verklighet inom turismmarknadsföring. Denna studie strävar efter att ta reda på vilka effekter applicering av VR-teknik inom turism kan skapa, samt undersöka svar om virtuell verklighetsteknik kan anses vara ett verktyg för marknadsföringen av en destination. Studien visar att flera svenska researrangörer har visat stor intresse för denna sorts teknik samt ser virtuell verklighetsteknik som ett verktyg för PR, kommunikation och marknadsföring. Dock anses denna teknik vara en osäker investering för att generera pengar i gengäld, delvis på grund av att tekniken är relativt ny på marknaden men också att det saknas kompetens hos användarna. / Technological innovations are constantly evolving. This opens up new opportunities for various industries to develop and strengthen their brand. In recent years one of the fastest emerging technologies has become virtual reality technology, which attracted different industries. Virtual reality technology is considered to be very effective when it comes to the production of experiences and because of this factor, the tourism industry is expected to benefit from it. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the possible link between the tourism industry and virtual reality technology. In this bachelor thesis we represent a qualitative study on virtual reality in tourism marketing. This study aims to find out what effects application of virtual reality technology in tourism can create. Our focus is to examine the question if virtual reality technology can be considered as a marketing tool for a destination. The study shows that several Swedish travel agencies have shown great interest in this kind of technology. They see virtual reality technology as a tool for PR, communication and marketing. However, this technique is still considered an uncertain investment for generating money in return. Partly because this technique is relatively new on the market, but also that there is no user competence.

Game industry is increasing and developing its possibilities by creating new trends, making it more attractive for users and offering way more than just a spending-time activity.  This bachelor thesis presents a brief study about games which are designed and based on real geographical places. This study argues the question about playing games created after real cities and if this can attract gamers to the real destination which a particular game is based on. The aim of this paper is to see if there is a link between tourism and game industry. The methods used for this study are qualitative, in form of interviews, as well as quantitative. The quantitative study is performed with a survey answered by players, and what effect that has on the user experience, both in the game, but also in visiting real destinations. To find out this particular issue, questions about user experience were asked in aim to find out what provokes the desire to visit the physical location. By analyzing collected data, it has come to a conclusion that players are positively affected by the fact that the game they are playing is based on real geographical places.  This conclusion is based on players answers which are reflected by the fact that game felt more real, but also that players took different decision for visiting places during their stay at the destination, which they probably would not do if they did not play those particular games. / Spelbranschen expanderar allt mer från år till år och skapar nya trender. Speciellt nu när spel erbjuder så mycket mer än bara tidsfördriv blir spelandet allt mer attraktivt.  Denna kandidatuppsats presenterar en undersökning av spel som är utformade efter en verklig plats, och om de på så sätt lockar spelaren att besöka den riktiga platsen. Syftet är att se om det finns en koppling mellan turismnäringen och spelbranschen. De metoder som används är både kvalitativa, i form av intervjuer, samt kvantitativa. Den kvantitativa studien genomförs med en enkätundersökning riktad till spelare, och vilka effekter det får på användarens upple-velse, både i spelet men även vid ett eventuellt besök på den verkliga platsen. För att ta reda på detta ställs frågor som rör användarens upplevelse av platsen som spelet är utformat i, och i vilken mån det framkallar en vilja att besöka den fysiska platsen.  Genom analys av den insamlade datan har man kommit till en slutsats som visar att spelaren påverkas i positiv mening av att spelvärlden existerar i verkligheten. Detta visar sig både ge-nom att spelet upplevs mer verkligt, men också att spelaren tar andra beslut på destinationen, än den hade gjort om hen inte spelat.

Dagens teknologi förenklar integrationen mellan människor med stort avstånd, något man inte kunde föreställa sig tidigare. Massmedier som nyhetskanaler och sociala medier tillåter människor att interagera samt läsa och samla in information från hela världen. En person kan exempelvis samla information från bekvämligheten av sitt egna hem, utan personliga erfarenheter. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur mediebevakningen av flyktingströmmen har påverkat turisters attityder mot turistdestinationer. Studien avgränsas geografiskt till den grekiska ön Lesbos, för att få en inblick på hur turister påverkas av massmedia. Därtill har författarna av studien implementerat en kvantitativ forskningsmetod i form av strukturerade intervjuer. Sekundärdata har även samlats in i form av tidigare forskningar, information tilldelad av massmedia och fakta från myndigheter. Valet att inkludera dessa former av sekundärdata är för att få insikt och en djupare förståelse om hur världen ser ut idag i samband med studien. Resultatet av den strukturerade intervjun visade att majoriteten av de tillfrågade fått sin kunskap om Lesbos genom massmedier.  Dessutom visar det sig att majoriteten av respondenterna uppgav att de inte kunde tänka sig resa till ön Lesbos i Grekland för nöje och avkoppling. Studiens undersökning visar att mediebevakningen av flyktingströmmen och ön Lesbos har haft stort inflytande bland respondenterna. Baserat på informationen från massmedia, har ön beskrivits som flyktingmottagning och respondenter som reser för avkoppling och nöje valde att undvika Lesbos som ett resmål. Det författarna fick fram av studien var att majoriteten av de svenska turisterna har en negativ attityd och syn på Lesbos. Detta på grund informationen som förmedlas av massmedia och dess informationsspridning om ön. Vidare är det viktigt att notera att turismens attityder och åsikter skiljer sig åt mellan varje individ, eftersom varje individ tar emot informationen olika, även om den kommer från samma källa. / Today’s technology allows people to interact at a great distance that could not be imagined before. Through the technology, the media such as news channels and social media which allows people to interact as well as read and gather information from all over the world. For example, a person can gather information from the comfort of his own home, without having to experience it himself. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the media coverage affects and alters tourist’s attitudes and views of a tourist destination. The study has limited itself to the Greek Island of Lesvos and how its tourism has been affected by the media reports of the refugee movements. The authors of the study have applied a quantitative research method in the form of structured interviews. Secondary data have also been collected such as; news from social media, scientific articles, statistics, and facts from governmental organizations, in order to have a deeper understanding of the subject that is studied. The results of the structured interview showed that the majority of respondents gained their knowledge of the island Lesvos through media outlets.  Whilst the majority of those who participated expressed that they could not imagine traveling to the island of Lesvos in Greece for pleasure and relaxation. The study survey shows that the media coverage of the refugee tide and the island of Lesvos had a great influence among the respondents. Based on the information from the media outlet, the island was described as a refugee camp and the respondents traveling for relaxation and fun chose to avoid Lesvos as a tourist destination I conclusion; the study indicates that the majority of the Swedish tourists have a negative attitude and view towards Lesvos due to the coverage and information spread by the media. Furthermore, it is important to note that the attitudes and views of the tourists differ from each individual. This is because every individual receives and perceives the information differently, even though it may come from the same source.

This essay has examined how the local community is involved with the tourism development on the San Blas islands and how it effects the destinations development. The method of choice has been a qualitative interview with an operator that offers trips to the destination. Also there has been made a literature study where previous research about the San Blas and the subjects of choice is being presented. During the writing process of this essay it has become obvious to us that the local community (Kuna Yala) is very much involved in everything that concerns the destination. We can thereby establish that the local community of San Blas can be placed on the top step of Arnsteins (1969) “Ladder of Participation”. This comprehensive involvement brings both positive and negative effects on the destinations development. On the negative side we can se that the service level sometimes is low due to lack of knowledge and communication amongst the Kunas. The positive effects however shows that the destination is perceived more unique when the visitors gets to experience the real Kuna lifestyle that also creates a sustainable social environment. Many Kunas make their living on the tourism industry, which secure that the visitors money stays at the destination. The destination itself has not followed any traditional curve regarding destination development, which makes San Blas problematic to apply in Butlers model about the destination lifecycle. / Denna uppsats har undersökt hur lokalsamhället på San Blasöarna involveras i turismnäringen och hur det påverkar destinationens turismutveckling. Valet av metod har varit en kvalitativ intervju med en aktör som erbjuder resor till destinationen. Vidare har också en litteraturstudie genomförts där tidigare forskning kring destinationen och ämnesområdet presenteras. Under arbetet med uppsatsen har det blivit tydligt att lokalbefolkningen (Kuna Yala) involveras i allra högsta grad i San Blas och påverkar alla beslut som har med destinationen att göra. Vi kan därför konstatera att San Blas lokalbefolkning kan placeras på de övre stegen i Arnsteins (1969) modell över medborgarnas deltagandegrad. Den stora involveringen för med sig både positiva och negativa konsekvenser för destinationsutvecklingen. Det negativa är att servicegraden ibland blir väldigt låg till följd av bristande kunskap och kommunikation bland lokalinvånarna. Bland de positiva effekterna nämns bl.a. att destinationen upp levs unik av besökarna som får komma nära Kuna Yala och uppleva deras levnadssätt vilket skapar ett hållbart socialt förhållande. Sysselsättningen blir även högre då många inom Kuna Yala livnär sig på turismnäringen och den höga deltagandegraden minskar läckaget vilket gör att mer pengar stannar kvar på destinationen. Destinationen i sig har inte följt någon traditionell kurva över turismutvecklingen vilket gör att San Blas blir problematisk att applicera i Butlers modell över destinationslivscykeln.

The aim of this study was to examine consumers and producers view on beverages and it’s meaning for Skåne (a region in southern Sweden) and how to create a strong culinary region using beverages. It gets more common to connect food and tourism, where food and beverages can be used to attract visitors. The research methods used were qualitative and quantitative and the data was collected by survey and semi-structured interviews. The respondents weren’t aware of current beverage projects in the region. Most of the respondents expressed that products from Skåne brings added value, the informants shared the same view. The informants also expressed the importance of collaboration and solidarity, the problems of communication and visibility by the customers and finally the importance to experience the beverages as more than just a ‘drink’. There are many advantages by marketing beverages and region together, and it can be positive for both parts. / Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka konsumenters och producenters syn på dryckens roll för Skåne och hur man med hjälp av drycken kan skapa en stark kulinarisk region. Det blir allt vanligare att koppla samman mat och turism, där mat och dryck sätts i fokus för att locka besökare. Intresset för mat och dryck är hetare än någonsin och en tydlig trend i samhället. Studien genomfördes med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder, datainsamlingen bestod av en enkät och semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna var ej medvetna om de dryckessatsningar som sker i regionen men de flesta uttryckte att skånska produkter medförde ett mervärde, vilket informanterna förstärkte i de semi-strukturerade intervjuerna. Informanterna uttryckte även vikten av samarbete och gemenskap, problematiken med att nå ut och bli sedd på marknaden samt att se drycken som mer än bara en törstsläckare. Det finns många fördelar i att arbeta med att stärka banden mellan dryck och region, då både produkterna och regionen kan lyfta varandra.

Bilen har länge stått i centrum vid samhällsplanering och har präglat gatunätets utformning. Därför behövs både allmänna och enskilda parkeringar för besökare och boende. Parkeringsplatserna kan anordnas både innanför och utanför detaljplan. Vad som skiljer dessa tillvägagångssätt är själva processen. Oavsett val av process krävs alltid bygglov för parkeringsanläggningar. Samhället är nu i en utvecklingsfas där normer och policys går mot en hållbarhetsförändring. Många kommuner väljer idag att styra mindre antal parkeringsplatser för att främja valet av alternativa transportmedel.  Denna studie berör mindre kustkommuner längsmed västkusten som påverkas av ett ökat invånarantal under sommarhalvåret. Detta ökade invånarantal medför en stor mäng bilister och ett större parkeringsbehov. Studien jämför kommunerna Båstad, Orust och Tjörn och deras praktiska lösningar. Studien kartlägger kommunernas praktiska lösningar samt dess synsätt på parkeringsproblematiken under sommarhalvåret. Med hjälp av denna kartläggning kan andra kommuner inspireras och vägledas.  Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tre olika tjänstemän på vardera kommun togs jämförelsekriterier  fram och utifrån detta framställdes ett resultat. De tre kommunerna visade sig ha skilda lösningar på parkeringsproblemet, så som ändrad lokalisering av parkeringsplatser, alternativa transportmedel eller provisoriska parkeringsplatser. Båstads kommun har valt att anlägga en större parkeringsplats utanför centrum, dit bilister hänvisas genom skyltning. Orust kommun har ordnat med lånecyklar till besökare och satsar på ett nytt gång- och cykelnät. Tjörns kommun väljer att anlägga provisoriska parkeringsplatser för att täcka upp ökat behov. / The car has for a long time been in the center of society planning and has characterized the street network. Therefore, both public parking spaces are required for visitors but also accommodation. The parking spaces can be arranged both inside and outside the local plan. Regardless of the choice of process, construction permits are required for parking facilities. The society is now in a developmental phase where norms and policies is heading for a sustainable development. Many municipalities choose to control the number of parking spaces to promote the choice of alternative transportations.  This study handle smaller coastal municipalities along the west coast which is affected by a drastically increased population during the summer. This increased population is causing a large number of drivers and a major parking demand. The participating municipalities are Båstad, Orust and Tjörn whose practical solutions are compared.  The study is a mapping of the municipalities’ practical solutions and its approach to parking problems during the summer. With the help of this survey, other municipalities can be inspired and guided.  Semi-structured interviews with three different officials in each municipality showed comparative criteria and based on this a result was produced. The three municipalities proved to have different solutions to the parking problem, such as changing the location of parking spaces, alternative transportations or temporary parking spaces. Båstad municipality has chosen to build a larger parking lot outside the city center, where drivers are referred by signage. Orust municipality has arrange rental bikes for visitors and is investing in a new walking and cycling network. Tjörn municipality chooses to set up provisional parking spaces to cover increased needs.

I denna studie undersöktes den internationella image av Sverige som förmedlats i tryckta medier i USA. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka hur imagen av Sverige förmedlas i amerikanska medier samt hur den uppfattas av medborgare från USA i Sverige. För att besvara frågeställningarna undersöktes och analyserades mediebilden av Sverige i Washington Post och New York Times genom användningen av kritisk diskursanalys. Urvalet för artiklarna genomfördes med hjälp av ”diskursiva ögonblick” vilket innebär att författarna identifierar specifika datum där politiska händelser eller andra faktorer har påverkat diskursen i media. Genom kritisk diskursanalys av artiklarna identifierades hur Sverige förmedlades och representerades, därefter kodades varje artikel in, utifrån sitt innehåll, i sex olika kategorier, däribland politik och kriminalitet. Utöver det så genomfördes även en intervjustudie med två medborgare från USA som befann sig i Sverige, vilka kallas för ”ambassadörer för bilden av Sverige i USA” i studiens gång (i detta arbetet endast ambassadörer). Slutligen genomfördes en kompletterande expertintervju med Henrik Selin, chef på Svenska Institutets avdelning för Interkulturell Dialog, för att få ytterligare ett perspektiv kring imagen av Sverige.Den tidigare forskning som har analyserats och använts i arbetet har identifierat länders ”image” som ett mentalt nätverk. Att imagen av ett land kan anta formen av att fisknät, där många olika händelser och åsikter blandas samman och därefter utkristalliseras en enhetlig image av ett land hos varje enskild individ. Dessutom framkom det att imagen av länder hos individer till viss del formas av vad media rapporterar, vilket i sin tur har en påverkan på viljan att besöka länderna som uppmärksammats i media. Genom den kritiska diskursanalysen och de diskursiva ögonblick som använts kom det fram att Sverige i stort sett förmedlas på ett neutralt och professionellt sätt och när det är vinklat är det mestadels en positiv framtoning. Under de diskursiva ögonblick som analyserats, rapporterades det mycket om politiska ämnen samt kriminalitet kopplat till Sverige. Genom den intervjustudie som gjordes med Henrik Selin framkom det att individer, generellt sett, inte har en tydlig image av Sverige, utan bilden är splittrad. Detta framkom även av de ambassadörer som intervjuades. De tog upp att det finns en slags ”informationsbubbla” om Sverige som upprepas, med information som samtidigt kan uppfattas som utdaterad. I undersökningen kom det fram att imagen av Sverige i Washington Post och New York Times, samt hos de ambassadörer som intervjuats, är neutral. Det visade sig även att journalister i de undersökta tidningarna vanligen har intagit en defensiv ställning till Sveriges fördel, där Sverige ofta, i jämförelse med USA och andra länder, ses i positiv synvinkel och som en förebild. / In this study, the international image of Sweden, which was conveyed in printed media in the United States, was investigated. The purpose of the work was to investigate how the image of Sweden is conveyed in American media and how it is perceived by citizens from the United States in Sweden. To answer these questions, the media image of Sweden in the Washington Post and the New York Times was investigated and analysed through the use of critical discourse analysis. The selection of the articles was conducted using "discursive moments", which means that, for example, political events have changed or affected the discourse in the media. Through critical discourse analysis of the articles, it was identified how Sweden was mediated and represented, after which each article was encoded, based on its content, in six different categories, including politics and crime. In addition, an interview study was conducted with two US citizens who were in Sweden, who in this work are called "ambassadors for the image of Sweden in the United States" (in this study, only ambassadors). Finally, a supplementary expert interview was conducted with Henrik Selin, director of the Swedish Institute's Intercultural Dialogue Department, to get an additional perspective about Sweden's image. The earlier research that has been analysed and used in this work has identified countries' image as a mental network. That the image of a country can assume the form of fishnet, where many different events and opinions are mixed up and then a uniform image of a country is crystallized from each individual. In addition, it emerged that the image of countries for individuals is to some extent shaped by what the media reports, which in turn affects the willingness to visit the countries that have been attracted in the media. Through the critical discourse analysis and the discursive moments that were used, it emerged that Sweden is largely communicated in a neutral and professional manner, and when it is tendentious, it is mostly positive. During the discursive moments that was analysed, a lot of reports were reported on political subjects and crime related to Sweden. Through the interview study conducted with Henrik Selin, it was found that individuals, generally speaking, do not have a clear image of Sweden, but the image is fragmented. This was also evident by the ambassadors interviewed. They noted that there is some kind of "information bubble" about Sweden being repeated, with information that can be perceived as being out of date. The study found that the images of Sweden in the Washington Post and the New York Times, as well as with the ambassadors interviewed, are neutral. It was also found that journalists in the investigated papers usually have taken a defensive position to Sweden's advantage, where Sweden is often seen in a positive view and as a role model in comparison with the United States and other countries.