Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaMS.pdf: 1189385 bytes, checksum: 0f5e0ae771f3df54a64288a00807bc4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The treatment for abusive users of alcohol and other drugs suffered significant modifications until arriving to the psychosocial model that is used by Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial CAPSad II Eastern Natal/RN (Psychosocial Support Center). That model appears starting from Brazilian sanitary and psychiatric reforms which are expressed in the principles and propositions of Sistema ?nico de Sa?de SUS (Unique System of Health). The Psychiatric Reform meant a rupture with the mental hospital and hospital centered treatment pattern which was destined to the abusive users of alcohol and other drugs. The new proposal offers the universalization, democratization, regionalization and completeness of the actions in the field of mental health. It gathers a strictly interdisciplinary health staff. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment for abusive users of alcohol and other drugs offered by CAPSad II Eastern Natal/RN. The evaluation used, as priority, the qualitative social research through an evaluating study starting from the non-experimental model. The methodological process used different instruments of data collection: bibliographical and documental researches, systematic observations at CAPSad II Eastern Natal/RN and, mainly, the semistructured interviews (21) that were accomplished with the professionals, users and relatives of CAPSad II Eastern Natal/RN. The investigation showed the effectiveness of the service and, therefore, CAPSad II Eastern Natal/RN constitute itself as the main confronting strategy to the mental hospital and hospital centered treatment pattern of caring the abusive users of alcohol and other drugs / O tratamento para usu?rios abusivos de ?lcool e outras drogas, sofreu significativas modifica??es at? chegar ao modelo psicossocial, utilizado pelo Centro de Aten??o Psicossocial para usu?rios de ?lcool e outras drogas (CAPSad II leste Natal/RN). Esse modelo surge a partir das Reformas Sanit?ria e Psiqui?trica Brasileira expressas nos princ?pios e proposi??es do Sistema ?nico de Sa?de SUS. A Reforma Psiqui?trica significou uma ruptura com o padr?o de tratamento manicomial e hospitaloc?ntrico destinado aos usu?rios abusivos de ?lcool e outras drogas. A nova proposta prop?e a universaliza??o, democratiza??o, regionaliza??o e integralidade das a??es no campo da sa?de mental. Re?ne uma equipe de sa?de necessariamente interdisciplinar. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a efetividade do tratamento para usu?rios abusivos de ?lcool e outras drogas oferecido pelo CAPSad II leste Natal /RN. A avalia??o utilizou, como priorit?ria, a pesquisa social de car?ter qualitativa atrav?s de um estudo avaliat?rio a partir do modelo n?oexperimental. O processo metodol?gico utilizou diferentes instrumentos de coleta de dados: pesquisa bibliogr?fica e documental, observa??es sistem?ticas no CAPSad II leste, e, principalmente, ?s entrevistas semi-estruturadas (21) que foram realizadas com os profissionais, usu?rios e familiares do CAPSad II leste. A investiga??o apontou para a efetividade do servi?o e, portanto, o CAPSad II leste se constitue enquanto principal estrat?gia de enfrentamento ao modelo manicomial e hospitaloc?ntrico de tratar os usu?rios abusivos de ?lcool e outras drogas.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-22T17:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES VIEIRA LOPES MACHADO.pdf: 1892945 bytes, checksum: 8f6a5355ed009ed5c0c209b12d657bae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-22T17:49:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES VIEIRA LOPES MACHADO.pdf: 1892945 bytes, checksum: 8f6a5355ed009ed5c0c209b12d657bae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T17:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TAMIRES VIEIRA LOPES MACHADO.pdf: 1892945 bytes, checksum: 8f6a5355ed009ed5c0c209b12d657bae (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetiva demonstrar que as cláusulas de cessão de uso de imagem, voz e nome inseridas em contratos de consumo por adesão são, em regra, abusivas e inválidas. Nos contratos de consumo em que há disposição de direitos de personalidade há uma vulnerabilidade exacerbada, ou uma hipervulnerabilidade. É que, além da vulnerabilidade do consumidor em si, as pessoas podem ser consideradas vulneráveis pelo simples fato de serem autoras de um ato de disposição dos direitos de personalidade, pois atuam na direção do risco de ter sua dignidade lesada, enquanto o fornecedor se move por interesse meramente patrimonial. O foco da pesquisa é compreender essas disposições, que geralmente configuram autorização tácita ou genérica para uso dos direitos de personalidade do aderente quando isso não integra a finalidade principal do negócio, diante de uma visão crítica e propositiva, analisando-se a doutrina, a legislação e documentos contratuais. No capítulo um, abordam-se os contratos de consumo, envolvendo a relação jurídica de natureza consumerista e seus elementos, bem como o fenômeno da contratação por adesão diante do consumo massificado da cultura pós-moderna e seus respectivos limites. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se a proteção contratual do consumidor, frisando a nova concepção do contrato, a importância da Teoria do Diálogo das Fontes, principalmente entre o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e o Código Civil, e a necessidade de aplicação dos princípios jurídicos com intuito de proteger de maneira mais eficaz a parte vulnerável da relação de consumo, os quais tem como desdobramentos a interpretação mais favorável ao consumidor e a proibição de cláusulas abusivas. Em seguida, transpôs-se a abordagem para o exame do conceito, objeto e características dos direitos da personalidade, perpassando pelos pressupostos e requisitos da sua inserção no comércio jurídico. Nesse ponto, destacou-se a disponibilidade relativa desses direitos e o consentimento informado do interessado como premissa fundamental. No último capítulo, busca-se apresentar as cláusulas de cessão de direitos da personalidade nos contratos consumeristas, abarcando os direitos em espécie objetos de violação e as hipóteses em que são abusivas, o que gera a incidência de nulidade, bem como possíveis danos morais e materiais. Além disso, há o exame de instrumentos contratuais da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, e considerações acerca da importância do controle judicial dessas cláusulas. / The present work aims to demonstrate that clauses assigning the of use of image, voice and name inserted in contracts of consumption by adhesion are, as a rule, abusive and invalid. In consumer contracts in wich some kind of waiver of personality rigths occur there is an exacerbated vulnerability of the consumer. As a result of that, in addition to the vulnerability of the consumer itself, consumers may be considered vulnerable because they are performing an act of waiver of personality rights, as they act towards the risk of having their dignity harmed while the supplier acts by a mere patrimonial concern. The focus of the research is to understand these provisions, which generally configure tacit or generic authorization for the use of the adherent's personality rights when this does not integrate the main purpose of the business, in the face of a critical and propositive view, analyzing the doctrine, the legislation and contractual documents. In chapter one, consumer contracts are dealt with, involving the legal relationship of consumerism and its elements, as well as the phenomenon of hiring by adhesion to the mass consumption of postmodern culture and its respective limits. The second chapter presents the contractual protection of the consumer, emphasizing the new conception of the contract, the importance of the Theory of Source Dialogue, especially between the Consumer Defense Code and the Civil Code, and the need to apply the legal principles with the purpose of protecting the most vulnerable part of the consumer relationship, which has as its outcome the most consumer-friendly interpretation and the prohibition of unfair terms. Then, the approach to the examination of the concept, object and characteristics of the rights of the personality was examined, going through the presuppositions and requirements of its insertion in the legal commerce. At this point, the relative availability of these rights and the informed consent of the person concerned as a fundamental premise are highlighted. In the last chapter, the aim is to present the clauses of assignment of personality rights in consumer contracts, including rights in kind, objects of violation and hypotheses in which they are abusive, which results in nullity, and possible moral and material damages. In addition, there is an examination of contractual instruments in Salvador, Bahia, and considerations about the importance of judicial control of these clauses.

La seconde moitié du XXème siècle a été marquée par l'avènement de la sociétéde consommation et, corrélativement, par l'apparition d'un droit nouveau dont l'objectif est de protéger les consommateurs : le droit de la consommation. Il se définit par sa finalité comme l'ensemble des règles dont l'objet est de protéger les intérêts des consommateurs et s'applique essentiellement dans les contrats de consommation. Aucun régime général de la sanction de la violation des dispositions consuméristes n'a été organisé par le législateur. Les sanctions prévues sont majoritairement des sanctions pénales, les sanctions civiles sont alors celles du droit commun des contrats.A partir du droit positif, l'étude cherche à construire un régime spécial de la sanction, commun à tous les contrats de consommation. L'étude est orientée vers la recherche de sanctions efficaces, qui permettent de renforcer l'effectivité de la règle de droit et la protection des consommateurs. Elle distingue nécessairement l' analyse de l'efficacité de la fonction réparatrice de la sanction, qui est conditionnée par la prise en compte de la situation de la victime du comportement sanctionné, et l'analyse de l'efficacité de la fonction dissuasive de la sanction qui est conditionnée par la prise en compte de la situation de l'auteur du comportement sanctionné. / The second half of the 20th century has been marked by the emergence ofconsumer society and correspondingly by the evolution of a new area of law: consumer law. This field of law can be defined as a body of rules aiming at protecting the interests of consumers and which is essentially applied in the context of consumer contracts. The legislator has not established a general system of sanctions for the violation of consumer law provisions. The sanctions are mostly criminal in nature, while the civil sanctions are those provided for by general contract law.On the basis of the existing rules this thesis aims to establish a specific system ofsanctions common to all consumer contracts. The thesis is governed by the search for adequate sanctions which would increase the effectiveness of the legal rules as well as the effectiveness of the protection of consumers. The effectiveness of the reparative function of the sanctions is analysed separately from the effectiveness of their deterrent function. This distinction is necessary, since the reparative function of sanctions is determined by the situation of the victim of the violation of the rules, whereas the deterrent function of sanctions takes into account the situation of the person responsible for the violation.

This thesis operates, unashamedly, from the premise that every act of criticism involves a self-reflexive gesture of one's own concerns and ideological imprintings. For this reason Chapter One establishes the writer's own involvement - both autobiographical and theoretical - in notions of male rage and the 'working through' of these concerns. Chapter Two conducts an overview of male rage and the extant systemic literature on the subject. It sets out the various positions on the subject and posits the importance of gender (over generation) in the praxis of therapy. Furthermore, it explores the possibility that the male is equally, but differently, troubled by the hegemonic forces of patriarchy as is the woman. Without diminishing the legitimacy of the woman's experience in the face of male rage, the argument is forwarded that the male is caught in a similar struggle but without the feminine articulatory resources. This chapter details the lack of male power in the face of his supposed muscular omnipotence. Seminal analytic approaches to the question of gender are raised in Chapter Three. Working through Freud, Klein, Lacan and Masters and Johnson an attempt is made to plot the 'evolution' of the feminine and the masculine. Central to this debate is the bi-polarization of gender relations within the same sex (biology/construction) and without (phallic/vaginal, clitoral, passive/active). What emerges is that femininity is bi-focal and that the woman has more resources at her disposal that hitherto acknowledged. While the woman is always double - as both clitoral and vaginal, as lover and mother- it appears that male sexuality is far more precarious than generally perceived. It is this dis-ease on the part of the male that translates itself into envy and, with it, the need to denigrate and belittle woman as the object of that envy. In Chapter 4 an attempt is made to overlap the seemingly divergent fields of analytic and systemic methodologies via the involvement of the therapist in the eco-system of analysis. The substantial role of the therapist -- and the coercive forces placed on him/her by the couple -- is used to modify Elkaim's model and to introduce the need for a telling of the particular stories that concentrate on the unique narratives of the warring couple rather than the patriarchal regime under which these stories are constrained. Before encountering these narratives an essay is made at establishing a methodology of sorts. Newton's scientific formulations are used in order to question the binary opposition that has been, historically, established between quantitative (male) and qualitative (female) methodologies. In the process of questioning this binary opposition it becomes clear that any form of objectifying approach constitutes a refuge from the messiness that is intrinsic to the therapeutic process. The experimental methodology that is posited is precisely one that engages in the narratives of male violence - four extracts are considered, each exposing different articulations of male violence. The question of female subjectivity (and the attendant power of the sorority) is returned to in light of these stories. Central to this section is the notion that male subjectivity is far more convoluted - perhaps more that the feminine counterpart - than initially conceived. The original identification with the (m)other forever displaces him in that the later identification with the father remains distant and contrived. For the purposes of maintaining the dialogic nature of this work, a feminist appraisal of the rage narratives concludes the thesis. Don Quixote is used, by way of an Epilogue, to offer three representations of male subjectivity and to look towards alternative subject positions for the male under patriarchy. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4979.pdf: 1038551 bytes, checksum: 709a439c826b0d6630ae64c9c4187eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-07 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / This dissertation is a compendium of four scientific papers. Each paper describes a stage of the study, with the final goal of evaluating the effectiveness of different materials to increase parents knowledge on abusive head trauma. The first paper describes a review of national and international literature, which aimed to give a current overview of abusive head trauma (AHT). According to the review, AHT can be defined as injury to the skull and intracranial contents to a child due to a sudden unintentional impact and/or a violent shaking. It occurs mainly with babies and children under 1 year of age and can result in serious consequences for children's development, including death. Although there are specific signs for this type of abuse, it can be mistaken for common child illnesses or accidental head trauma. Thus, it is essential that health professionals are trained for the correct diagnosis. One of the main factors associated with its occurrence is the baby crying, which highlights the need for intervention with parents in order to teach them about child development and safe strategies to deal with the baby. The second paper aimed to investigate the knowledge of newborn parents about some characteristics associated with AHT, such as the pattern of the infant crying in the first months of life, strategies to deal with the crying baby and the consequences of shaking a baby. The results indicated a lack of knowledge about the severity of shaking a baby, as well as a possible Brazilian belief that babies should not be left crying alone. In this sense, there is a need for these issues to be addressed in AHT prevention efforts. The third paper aimed to investigate the belief of Brazilian parents about corporal punishment to infants, and its possible relation with abusive head trauma. As opposed to the international literature, participants of this study did not consider shaking as an appropriate strategy to discipline the baby, agreeing more with this strategy when it aimed to sooth the baby. Furthermore, the results indicated that the caregivers evaluation about the strategy s harm potential seems to influence its adoption in discipline and soothing contexts. Finally, the last paper describes the evaluation of the effectiveness of three different informational materials to increase knowledge of Brazilian parents about this type of abuse. The materials consisted of a video on abusive head trauma, a pamphlet individually read on the AHT, and a video on child safety, unrelated to AHT and used for comparison purposes. The results suggest that reading the pamphlet could be a useful strategy in prevention programs, since it increased participants' knowledge about the severity of shaking a baby, as well as the likelihood of using strategies to distance themselves from the baby when stressed by the crying. Although less significant, the results of the group who watched the video on the AHT also indicated an increase in knowledge about the average number of daily hours of baby crying. It is hoped that the results found in this dissertation will guide future AHT preventive efforts in Brazil. / A presente dissertação foi escrita no formato de um compêndio de quatro textos científicos. Cada artigo descreve uma etapa do estudo, que teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de diferentes materiais informativos para aumentar o conhecimento de pais de recém-nascidos sobre o trauma craniano violento pediátrico. O primeiro artigo descreve uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional, que teve como objetivo traçar um panorama atual do trauma craniano violento (TCV). De acordo com a revisão, o TCV pode ser definido como a lesão ao crânio ou ao conteúdo intracraniano de uma criança devido a um impacto brusco intencional e/ou a uma sacudida violenta. Ocorre principalmente com bebês e crianças menores de 1 ano de idade e pode resultar em consequências graves ao desenvolvimento infantil, incluindo a morte. Apesar de haver sinais específicos para esta forma de maus-tratos, eles podem se confundir com doenças comuns em crianças ou traumas cranianos acidentais. Deste modo, torna-se imprescindível o preparo clínico dos profissionais de saúde para o diagnóstico correto. Um dos principais fatores associados à sua ocorrência é o choro do bebê, destacando a necessidade de intervenção com pais no sentido de ensiná-los sobre desenvolvimento infantil e estratégias seguras para lidar com o bebê. O segundo artigo visou investigar o conhecimento de pais de recém-nascidos sobre algumas características associadas a esta forma de maus-tratos, tais como o padrão do choro do bebê nos primeiros meses de vida, as estratégias para lidar com o choro e as consequências de sacudi-lo. Os resultados indicaram um desconhecimento dos participantes sobre a gravidade de se sacudir um bebê, bem como uma possível crença brasileira de que os bebês não devem ser deixados chorando sozinho. Neste sentido, destaca-se a necessidade dessas questões serem contempladas nas ações de prevenção do TCV. O terceiro artigo objetivou investigar a crença de pais brasileiros sobre a punição corporal em bebês e sua possível relação com o trauma craniano violento. Diferentemente do que aponta a literatura internacional, os participantes do presente estudo não consideraram o sacudir como uma estratégia adequada para disciplinar o bebê, obtendo maior concordância quando avaliada em seu potencial tranquilizador. Além disso, os resultados indicaram que a avaliação que os cuidadores fazem do potencial prejudicial de determinada estratégia parece influenciar sua adoção no cuidado com o bebê, tanto para acalmá-lo, quanto para discipliná-lo. Por fim, o último artigo descreve a avaliação da eficácia de três materiais informativos diferentes para o aumento do conhecimento de pais brasileiros sobre essa forma de maus-tratos. Os materiais consistiram em um vídeo sobre o trauma craniano violento, um panfleto sobre o TCV e um vídeo sobre segurança infantil, que não abordava o TCV e foi utilizado como comparação. Os resultados sugerem que o e leitura individual do panfleto pode ser uma estratégia útil em programas de prevenção, uma vez que a mesma aumentou o conhecimento dos participantes sobre a gravidade de sacudir um bebê, bem como a probabilidade de utilizarem estratégias de se afastar do bebê, quando estressados pelo choro. Apesar de menos expressivos, os resultados do grupo que assistiu ao vídeo sobre o TCV também indicaram um aumento no conhecimento sobre o número médio diário de horas de choro do bebê. Espera-se que os resultados encontrados na presente dissertação possam fornecer embasamento para futuras ações de prevenção dessa forma de maus-tratos.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar os principais contornos do instituto do benefício particular, positivado na legislação brasileira por meio do artigo 115, §1º, da Lei n. 6.404/76, diferenciando-o do instituto relativo ao interesse conflitante nas sociedades, insculpido no mesmo dispositivo supra citado. A partir da análise do Direito Comparado, constatou-se que o benefício particular, tal como o conhecemos hoje no Brasil, tem origem na legislação francesa, especificamente nas Leis de 17 de julho de 1956 e 24 de julho de 1867. Os contornos de sua conceituação, portanto, estão intimamente ligados às razões de ordem histórica e teleológica que levaram o legislador estrangeiro a criá-lo, o qual visava, à época, afastar os abusos e inconveniências decorrentes da aprovação, em assembleia, de vantagens especiais e exclusivas pelo próprio sócio beneficiário dessas vantagens. Complementarmente, por meio da análise e interpretação sistemática da legislação societária brasileira e de outras fontes de direito disponibilizadas, como a doutrina e a jurisprudência, pôde-se definir algumas das características mais marcantes do instituto, das quais se pode destacar a licitude, a gratuidade e o caráter social das vantagens a ele associadas, garantindo ao beneficiado acesso aos fundos sociais. Em paralelo, para fins de mera comparação com o instituto do benefício particular, foram abordados alguns aspectos relativos ao instituto do conflito de interesses, reafirmando conceitos doutrinários já sedimentados acerca do alcance do interesse social e procurando, a partir da análise da legislação brasileira e comparada, fixar alguns elementos intrínsecos a esse instituto, tal como a ilicitude e o caráter extrassocial da vantagem visada pelo acionista conflitado. Comparando as características do benefício particular e do conflito de interesses, pode-se concluir que, apesar da aparente semelhança que carregam, tratam-se de institutos distintos, que regulam situações diversas, não podendo ser confundidos ou tomados um pelo outro, sendo possível, de fato, se estabelecer um critério relativamente seguro para distingui-los entre si, conferindo uma maior segurança jurídica aos aplicadores do direito, evitando-se, assim, algumas interpretações equivocadas acerca dos institutos, tais como aqueles constantes nos posicionamentos da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários analisados ao final desse trabalho. / The current paper has the sole purpose of designing the main lines of the private benefits regulation, reaffirmed by means of Act 115, §1st, in the Brazilian law number 6.404/76, distinguishing it from institutions that relate to conflicting partnership interests, comprehended by the same aforementioned Act. From assessing the Paired Law regulation, it has been understood that the private benefits, such as it is currently recognized in Brazil, is based on the French legislation, more specifically on the July 17, 1956 and July 24, 1867 Acts. Therefore, the contours of its conceptualism are intimately connected to historic and teleological reasoning that took the foreign regulator to create it and which aimed, at that time, to keep away abuse and inconveniences resulting from the approval, in an shareholders meeting, of special and exclusive advantages by their own beneficiary parties. In addition, by means of systematically assessing and interpreting the Brazilian Corporate Law and other Law resources made available, such as the Law doctrine and jurisprudence, it was possible to determine some of the most outstanding characteristics of such an institute, among which the lawfulness, gratuity and social character of the advantages associated with it can be highlighted, thus assuring the access of the beneficiary party to social funds. In parallel, by means of solely comparing the private benefits regulation, some aspects regarding the conflict of interests were also assessed, reaffirming doctrine concepts about the reach of social interests that are already established and trying to determine, by means of analyzing the Brazilian Corporate Law and Paired Law, some of the elements that are inherent to that establishment, such as its wrongfulness and the extrasocial character of the advantage pledged by the conflicting party. By pairing the characteristics of private benefits and the conflict of interests, it is concluded that, despite their apparent similarities, those are distinct institutes that regulate diverse situations, which cannot be confused or taken by one another and, in fact, it is possible to establish a relatively safe criteria to differentiate both, thus providing greater judicial accuracy to Law enforcers, and this way avoiding misinterpretation of regulation, such as those that are common to the positioning of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission that are analyzed in the end of this paper.

A temática da publicidade encontra-se normatizada no Código de Defesa do Consumidor a partir de princípios e cláusulas gerais, que, se virtuosas pela abrangência interpretativa, igualmente passíveis de desencadear grande insegurança jurídica quando não calcadas em consolidada doutrina e parâmetros interpretativos concretos. Nesse contexto, a presente tese tem por escopo conferir nova e detalhada sistematização ao tema e, fundamentalmente, fornecer ao operador do direito diretrizes palpáveis à análise da enganosidade e abusividade nas mensagens publicitárias. Trata-se, por exemplo, da necessidade de se analisar a (i)licitude da publicidade a partir da figura do consumidor como critério interpretativo central do artigo 37 CDC, procedendo-se a uma releitura do conceito de consumidor médio. No exame da publicidade enganosa, em especial no âmbito da sua tutela difusa, propõe-se, ademais, o critério de investigação do consumidor típico da publicidade, a partir do qual o potencial de indução em erro poderá ser melhor apreendido. A tese aborda ainda o conceito de dado essencial para configuração da enganosidade por omissão e ressalta os efeitos das mensagens secundárias ao slogan principal da publicidade. Tema igualmente novo refere-se à adoção das pesquisas de mercado na constatação da (i)licitude da publicidade. No que tange à publicidade abusiva, o trabalho se lança ao exame e delimitação de seus conceitos indeterminados, destaca o aspecto da tutela dos valores da coletividade e demonstra a impropriedade de uma análise puramente subjetiva e individual dessas peças publicitárias. O presente estudo apresenta ainda um quadro sistemático das técnicas publicitárias mais freqüentes, i.e., merchandising, publicidade redacional, teaser, exagero publicitário e mensagem de tom excludente, publicidade testemunhal e comparativa, analisando suas implicações no âmbito do direito do consumidor. Por fim, aborda-se a responsabilidade civil na publicidade ilícita e os pressupostos do dever de indenizar. Examina-se a reparação do dano moral (individual e coletivo) e o aspecto punitivo de tais indenizações, bem como os sujeitos da responsabilidade civil e a existência (ou não) de uma responsabilidade solidária entre anunciante, agência, veículo e celebridades. / Advertising is regulated by the Consumer Defense Code (CDC) according to principles and general rules that, notwithstanding being characterized by their constructive scope, may give rise to legal uncertainty whenever they are not grounded on settled legal doctrine and concrete constructive parameters. In this context, the present thesis aims to grant new and detailed systematization to the issue, and provide lawyers with tangible directions to analyze the deceptiveness and abusiveness within advertising messages. It regards, for instance, the need to analyze advertising (un)lawfulness from the consumers standpoint as the core constructive criterion of article 37 of the CDC. At this point we scrutinize in details the concept of reasonable consumer. Upon examining deceptive advertising, especially with regard to its diffuse protection, we propose, in addition, the typical consumer investigative criterion in advertising whereby potential error induction may be better understood. The thesis also addresses the essential data concept to configure deceitfulness by omission, and underscores the effects of secondary messages on the main advertising slogan. Likewise, the theme is related to the adoption of market research to ascertain advertising (un)lawfulness. Considering abusive advertising, this thesis examines its undetermined concepts, highlights the protection of collective values, and evidences the inadequacy of its subjective and individual analysis. The present study also offers a systematic table of the most frequent advertising techniques, i.e., merchandising, copywriting, teaser, exaggerated and excluding advertising, testimonial and comparative advertising, analyzing their entailments within Consumer Law. Finally, the work addresses the liability related to unlawful advertisement and the elements that determine the duty to indemnify. Pain and suffering redress (either individual or collective) and the punitive feature of such indemnification are examined herein, as well as the liable subjects and the existence (or not) or joint liability among the sponsor, advertising agency, media vehicle and celebrities.

本研究旨在探討不當督導、上下級關係及非志願性公民行為之關係，並探究上下級關係在不當督導與非志願性公民行為之間是否具有中介效果以及權力距離、組織政治知覺在不當督導與非志願性公民行為、上下級關係與非志願性公民行為之間是否具有調節效果。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以全國507所高中職教師為樣本母群體，採分層隨機抽樣，抽出600位受試者邀請填寫網路問卷，回收有效問卷375份，所得資料分別以描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析及迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料的分析與處理，以瞭解高中職教師知覺校長不當督導與上下級關係、非志願性公民行為之現況、差異情形及上下級關係、權力距離、組織政治知覺的中介、調節效果，研究結論如下： 一、高中職教師對校長不當督導之知覺現況屬低度。 二、高中職教師上下級關係之表現程度屬中低程度。 三、高中職教師非志願性公民行為之表現程度屬中低程度。 四、學校規模等背景變項在不當督導有顯著差異，24班以下高於50班以上。 五、性別、年齡、職務及學校公私立屬性等背景變項在上下級關係上有顯著差異，男性、兼任主任的教師情感型關係顯著較高；男性、35歲以下、私立學校教師的工具型關係顯著較高。 六、本校服務年資、職務在非志願性公民行為有顯著差異，組長高於專任、服務年資6-15年高於5年以下。此外，服務總年資、學歷等二個背景變項在不當督導、上下級關係、非志願性公民行為上皆無顯著差異。 七、上下級關係在不當督導與非志願性公民行為間有部分中介效果。 八、權力距離在「不當督導」、「工具型關係」與非志願性公民行為間具有調節效果。 九、組織政治知覺只在工具型關係與非志願性公民行為間具有調節效果。 最後依據研究結果與結論，提出具體建議，以作為高中職校長以及未來研究的參考。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among principal’s Abusive Supervision (AS) and Supervisor-Subordinate GuanXi (SSG) and Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) of senior high school teachers. Furthermore, the mediating effect of SSG between AS and CCB is analyzed, And the moderating effects of Power Distance (PD) and Organizational Politics (OP) between AS and CCB, between SSG and CCB are explored in the study. A survey research was conducted using a sample of senior high school teachers in Taiwan, excluding the complete schools. 600 teachers from 570 schools were selected by stratified random sampling. 375 valid sample data collected was analyzed and processed with the methods of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple-regression analysis. Based on 6-point Likert Scale, the major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Teachers’ perception of principal’s abusive supervision is below average. 2. Teachers’ perception of Supervisor-Subordinate GuanXi is below average. 3. Teachers’ Compulsory Citizenship Behavior is below average. 4. One demographic variable, school size, show significant differences in AS. Teachers who work at schools with less than 24 classes show higher perceptions of AS. 5. Four demographic variables, including gender, age, position, school type, show significant differences in SSG. Teachers who are male, younger than 35, work as the director of the department, or work in private schools show higher perceptions of SSG, especially instrumental ties. 6. Two demographic variables, tenure at the present school and position, show significant differences in CCB. Teachers whose tenure at the present school is longer, who work as the chief, show higher perceptions of CCB. Furthermore, two demographic variables, tenure and education, show no significant differences in AS, SSG and CCB. 7. AS is positively related to SSG and CCB. In addition, AS has a positive direct effect on CCB, SSG has a positive direct effect on CCB. AS has a positive direct effect on SSG. SSG does have mediating effects between AS and CCB. 8. Power Distance has moderating effects between AS and CCB, between SSG and CCB. 9. Organizational Politics has moderating effects only between SSG and CCB. Based on the results of the research, suggestions for principals and future related study are proposed.

This is a scholarly essay in which i examine and reflect on my issues related to digital risk and behavior in school and after-school centre. I have two questions that i wanted to focus on. Both of them that I have to examen on how I as an active pedagogue at a after school center can prepare the pupils on online risks and how to feel safe online, and also I wanted too learn how the personal at after school centre can work together with the parents to get the children resources to feel safe online. I wanted to explore if and how the staff in school and after school centre can give students preparatory work to gear up if they meet abusive behavior online. And the key here is dialogue. But lack of time, understaff or lack of a curriculum makes it sometimes hard do motivate principals and colleagues to set time to learn about digitals risks and the profit of dialogue about digital values. My experience from the work on this essay is that I need to make it visible to my colleagues that we can and need to do this, for the safety off our students and the future online users. / Det här är en essän med syfte att synligöra behovet av digital-värdegrund i skolan och på fritidshemmet. Jag reflekterar över bristen på tid att infoga värdegrunds-arbete i skolan och fritids samt att jag kritiskt granskar mig själv. Essän utgår från egen upplevda händelser och problematiken kring de dolda kränkningar och mobbnings-situationer som sker online och i klassrumsmiljöer. Jag inleder essän med fyra olika gestaltningar där jag reflekterar över mitt egna agerade och om jag kunde agerat annorlunda. Den röda tråden i texten är att jag tror på att samtal mellan elev och pedagog öppnar upp för att förbättra den sociala och digitala miljön på skolan, att dialog är porten till ett öppet klimat mellan barn/vuxen. Min egen erfarenhet och personliga utveckling samt de misstag jag upplever mig gjort under mina år som verksam pedagog finns som exempel i texten och jag hoppas det får läsaren att känna att vi tillsammans kan göra online livet säkrare för våra elever och framtida digitala användare.

This project focuses on the impact of family preservation programs on family functioning through a qualitative follow up study of the Child Abuse Prevention Intervention and Treatment (CAPIT) program at Pacific Clinics in Yucca Valley, California. The results found that family functioning (particularly in areas of interpersonal skills and communication) had improved since completion of the program. Improvement was correlated with the service content of the program and with counselor characteristics. Due to limitations, including sample size (n=9), results cannot be generalized.