The general purpose with this study was to investigate what happens when several different participants engage in the process of communicating a mutual message throughout a common paper. With “Skellefteå-tidningen” an official paper from the the municipality of Skellefteå, as an example, both the sender (i.e. the editorial staff) and the receiver (i.e. the reader) perspective is studied and analyzed. The result of these two perspectives are compared to see if the intended sent message is the message that the reader of the paper interpret.   The aim of this study was to investigate how the concerned parties within the municipality of Skellefteå cooperate to make a common product with a mutual message and purpose. The study also aimed to investigate how the citizens of Skellefteå, the receivers of the paper, experience the sent message. The material this study is based on was collected through qualitative interviews with the senders of the paper and focus group interviews with representatives from the receivers. In this study we have used both organizational communication theories and theories on uses and gratifications.   The result of the study indicates that concerned parties within the municipality of Skellefteå have different views on how they want to convey the general message in the paper. Some want the message to focus on Skellefteå as a place while the others want to focus on how and what the municipality of Skellefteå do as a government agency. The senders of the paper, despite their different view on how to send the message, agrees that the general message within the paper should be that Skellefteå is a great place where you can be proud to live. The results also shows that this is in fact the message that the readers interpret after reading the paper. The study show that the paper Skellefteå-tidnignen is a product that fills its purpose. It offer the reader a wide range of material to read and therefore the reader can, with the paper, fullfil many different needs. One other conclusion of this study is however that the senders have difficulties in making the citizens of Skellefteå open and read the paper.

The study aimed at giving a thick description of African families' experiences, views, cultural beliefs and interpretations of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and making recommendations for rehabilitation. It was conducted from the qualitative research paradigm, adopting a phenomenological research method. Twenty-two pairs of participants (patients and their caregivers )were interviewed about their perception of TBI. The semi-structured interviews were conducted at the participants' homes in Sesotho, and where necessary in their home languages. The consequences of TBI were found to follow universal trends (Oddy, 1984). However, participants' perceptions, as shaped by their experiences, views and cultural beliefs, were found to be unique. On analysing the gathered data, using inductive data analysis, it was found that African families' interpretations of TBI were based on beliefs about witchcraft, thwasa, Satanism, ancestral anger and God's wish. Based on these findings, rehabilitation services in the form of education, advocacy, networking and family therapy are recommended. / Psychology / M.A.(Clinical Psychology)

India experienced huge media coverage from all over the world associated with the Nirbhaya-case in 2012, when a young middleclass girl was brutally raped in a bus by five men in Delhi. After this horrifying incident a lot of demonstrations followed all over India. Women in the urban areas was arguing for the same rights as men and was standing up for a more equal society where everybody is able to live as freely as someone else, no matter what gender you was born with. This study aim to examine what experiences, perceptions and opinions Indian journalists in English written press have of their reality from a gender perspective. We wanted to know how and when Indian journalist represent women and if there is a certain way of thinking about representation of women in the media content. In interviews with a total of eleven journalists and ethnographic observations in two of India’s largest cities we tried to examine the structures and perceptions that influenced the journalist’s worldview and thus also the messages that appears in the news. By using the theory of structuration, agenda setting, performativity and intersectionality we examined what structures that the journalists live and operates within and how this is affecting the media content.

The aim of this study is to explore how six primary school teachers experience teaching grammar to non-Swedish speaking pupils and how their experiences correspond to theories and previous research on language development and second language acquisition. The method used was semi-structured qualitative interviews combined with mind maps. The result shows that the teachers had revised their view on grammar and adapted their teaching to the immigrant pupils, and in various ways followed the Swedish Education Agency’s recommendations on measure to take to facilitate second language learning, including using genre pedagogy.

Fysisk aktivitet är en determinant för en god folkhälsa. Till följd av detta vill idrottsrörelsen bidra till en utvecklig inom idrotten för att öka deltagarantalet och motivera människor att vara fysiskt aktiva livet ut. Ett dilemma som dock är förekommande inom elitidrotten är att många slutar idrottsutövandet innan de nått sin topp nivå. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka föräldrars uppfattningar om deras barns tillvaro efter avslutad elitsatsning. En kvalitativ metod tillämpades och vid datainsamlingen genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkommer det att flera av barnen som tidigare varit en del av en elitsatsning gått från en fysiskt aktiv livsstil till en friare livsstil där det upplevs finnas utrymme för spontanitet och lekfullhet. Vardagen inkluderas numer av nyfunna vänner och ett större fokus förkommer på studier alternativt jobb. Den tidigare sociala miljön som bestod av idrottsarenan har i stort bytts ut till andra miljöer. Den identitet de tidigare haft med idrotten har förlorats och i samband med elitsatsningens upphörande drabbades barnen av psykisk ohälsa, med de upplevs idag må bättre. Slutsatsen för denna studie är att tillvaron har förändrats hos samtliga barn efter avslutad elitsatsning. / Physical activity is a determinant of public health. Hence the Swedish sports movement wish to contribute to the development of sporting activities as a way to increase the number of participants and motivate people to stay physically active throughout life. A common issue in elite level sports is that many end their career before reaching their final potential. The purpose of this study was to investigate the parent’s perspective regarding their children’s being after ending their elite effort. A qualitative method was applied and data was collected in five semi-structured interviews. The collected material was analyzed with a manifest content analysis. The result indicated that several of the children, who previously had been a part of an elite investment, had changed their lifestyle from a physically active lifestyle to a freer way of life where it is perceived to be room for spontaneity and playfulness. Everyday life nowadays includes new friends and greater focus on studies or job. Former social context focused around the sports arena are now taking place in other environments. Their previous identification with their sport has been lost and by ending their elite efforts the children's mental health declaimed, however they have later recovered to some extent. The conclusion of this study is that life has changed for the children after ending their elite effort.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter upplever det att delta i en intensivundervisningsinsats i läsning. En sådan insats innebär att eleverna varje dag under 4-6 veckor jobbar 20 minuter med strukturerad undervisning som har syftet att utveckla deras läsförmåga. Den forskning som jag har funnit om intensivundervisning i läsning visar samstämmigt på att liknande insatser ger goda resultat. Däremot tar inte denna forskning upp hur eleverna upplever själva intensivundervisningen. Därför har jag valt att undersöka några elevers upplevelser av detta och fokuserat på upplevelsen av arbetssättet, upplevelsen av den egna läsutvecklingen samt hur det är att gå ifrån klassrummet för att delta i intensivundervisningen.   Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex elever i årskurs 4 som har deltagit i en intensivundervisningsinsats i läsning. Varje elev har intervjuats enskilt och deras berättelser har sedan analyserats utifrån en livsvärldsfenomenologisk ansats ur ett elevperspektiv.   Resultatet visar att dessa elever är positiva till att arbeta med intensivundervisning i läsning och upplever själva att de har utvecklat sin läsförmåga genom den. De beskriver sin egen utveckling i relation till det material de har arbetat med samt vad det har inneburit för dem både i skolan och hemma. Eleverna tar upp både positiva och negativa upplevelser av att gå ifrån klassrummet för att delta i intensivundervisningen. / The purpose of this study is to examine how students with reading and writing disabilities experienced participation in intensive instruction in reading. Such an achievement means that students every day for 4-6 weeks is working about 20 minutes with structured teaching with the aim of developing their reading skills. The research about intensive instruction in reading coherently show that similar achievements are producing good results. In contrast, this research does not include how students experience intensive instruction. Therefore, I have chosen to examine some students' experiences of this and focused on the experience of working, the experience of their own reading development and how it is to leave the classroom to participate in intensive instruction.   The study is based on qualitative interviews with six students in grade 4 who have participated in intensive instruction in reading. Each student was interviewed individually and their stories were then analysed based on a life-world phenomenological approach from a student perspective.   The result shows that these students are positive towards working with intensive instruction in reading and experience themselves having developed their reading skills through it. They describe their own development in relation to the material they have worked with and what it has meant to them both in school and at home. The students mention both positive and negative experiences of leaving the classroom to participate in intensive instruction.

In today's increasingly competitive business environment, the use of knowledge to gain a competitive advantage has become a serious concern for all organisations. However, some industries have been affected more acutely than others in the transition to a knowledge-based economy. Despite the increasing number of studies relating to Knowledge Management (KM), few have explored this concept within the Airline Industry (AI). As all the studies and model of this research have built on the relationship between KM and organisational performance (OP), the AI is the context of the study within the area of Gulf Cooperative Countries (GCC). This area has been chosen as it provides a good airlines-based industry which is mature. A comprehensive and critical assessment of different KM models was made through a review of the available studies in order to evaluate KM and to identify the processes that affect OP. This research proposes a conceptual model that represents KM processes and OP measurements. This research adopts a qualitative research approach through a case study strategy to identify and test a conceptual model proposed from the literature review. Four international airlines companies were investigated through extensive face-to-face semi-structure interviews, followed by observations, and documentation with managers, senior managers, general managers (GMs) and vice presidents (VPs) to produce accurate results. Data findings were then reported and analysed. The main finding revealed that most studies relating to knowledge management processes and their effect on organisational performance took place in different sectors other than the AI. Also, KM processes and their effect on OP appear to be neglected, leading to conflicts in KM adoption. However, KM processes are applicable in the AI and these processes are not only used and implemented, but are also perceived as important in influencing positive OP. The only KM processes that generally received less support from the participants in terms of perceived effectiveness in affecting positive OP were knowledge translation/repurposing and knowledge disposal. The main contribution of this research is a novel model for KM processes and OP. This model serves as a guideline for the stakeholder and decision maker to be adopted in organisations to lead to more effective implementation and adoption of KM disciplines. It also provides a practical guideline for future KM research which at present seems fragmented within the AI. The suggestion for future research is to further validate and improve the generalisability of the KM processes model to the entire AI in the world and across other industries. Moreover, due to the time constraints and lack of funding, there were no attempts made in this research to assemble a sample that is representative of all the airlines in the world. In order to increase the generalisability of the results of this study, the sample size needs to be expanded and quantitative research might be considered.

Syftet i denna studie är att utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv utforska pianolärares syn på kreativt skapande inom pianoundervisning. Detta görs med forskningsfrågorna: Hur ser pianolärare på kreativt skapande i pianoundervisning? Hur beskriver de att de arbetar med kreativt skapande i sin undervisning? Vilka förutsättningar anser de behövs för att kunna arbeta med kreativt skapande i pianoundervisning? Studien är kvalitativ och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv används som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Den forskningsmetod som använts är kvalitativa intervjuer där fyra pianolärare har intervjuats. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats genom tematisk analys. I resultatet framgår de olika lärarnas synsätt och arbetssätt, uppdelat i tre huvudteman: Pianolärares syn på kreativt skapande, att arbeta kreativt i pianoundervisning, samt förutsättningar för en kreativ miljö. I studiens avslutande kapitel diskuteras resultatets teman med studiens teoretiska perspektiv samt tidigare litteratur och forskning. / The purpose of this study is to explore what creativity means to piano teachers at schools of culture and music, and how they consider themselves working creatively when teaching. This is performed by the following research questions: How do piano teachers see creativity in piano teaching? In what ways do they describe how they work with creativity in their teaching? What conditions do they consider is necessary to be able to work with creativity in piano teaching? This study is qualitative and a sociocultural perspective is used as a theoretical perspective. Qualitative interviews are used as research method, and four piano teachers have been interviewed.  The interviews has been transcribed and analysed through thematic analyse. In the result, the four teachers approach and working are being presented and divided into three main subjects: Piano teachers view of creativity, to work creatively in piano teaching, and conditions for a creative environment. The final chapter discusses the result, the theoretical perspective, the literature and the previous research.

Cultural activities have in recent years started to be acknowledged in health promotion. The concept can include a various kind of activities such as dance, art, and theatre. Läget is a project which has junior high school- and high school students as a target group and the project use cultural activities to illustrate health issues of young people in Västmanlands County. The health issues that are contained within the project is based on data from the survey Liv och Hälsa Ung which is responded by junior high students in 7th and 9th grade and high school students in 2 grade. Liv och Hälsa Ung is carried out every third year in Västmanlands County. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of participants of the project in terms of their participation and whether their participation gained knowledge about health. Furthermore the study aimed to inquire their thoughts about the project as a method for illuminating health issues. A qualitative approach was used and four participants who had been involved in the art exhibition in the project were interviewed.  The material from the interviews were analysed using a manifest content analysis. The result showed that high school students experienced that the projected had been satisfying working with and that their knowledge in health issues had increased. They also considered the art exhibition in Läget as a suitable method for mediating knowledge about health. The theoretical framework of the study were empowerment and health literary. The result of this study can be useful for gaining knowledge about how a project in art can be related to health among high school students. / På senare år har kulturaktiviteter börjat att erkännas allt mer i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Kulturaktivitet är ett vidsträckt begrepp som bland annat kan innefatta dans, konst, och teater för att ge några exempel. Projektet Läget tillämpar kultur i olika uttrycksformer för att uppmärksamma hälsofrågor och har högstadie- och gymnasieelever som sin målgrupp. Hälsofrågorna som lyfts fram i projektet har sin grund från enkätundersökningen Liv och Hälsa Ung. Det är en enkätstudie som genomförs i Västmanlands län var tredje år och besvaras av elever i årskurs sju och nio samt årskurs 2 på gymnasiet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka gymnasieungdomars upplevelser av att delta i projektet och om de ansåg att projektet ökat deras kunskaper i hälsofrågor. Vidare undersöktes deras tankar om projektet som metod för att uppmärksamma hälsofrågor. Studiens metod var kvalitativ och datainsamlingen genomfördes genom intervjuer med fyra personer som varit delaktiga i projektets konstutställning. Intervjumaterialet analyserades sedan genom en manifest innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkom att gymnasieungdomarna upplevde att projektet varit tillfredsställande att arbeta med och att de fått ökade kunskaper i hälsofrågor. Lägets delprojekt om konst ansågs även vara en bra metod för att förmedla kunskap om hälsa. Det teoretiska perspektivet i studien är teorierna empowerment och health literacy. Resultatet av studien kan bidra till att få kunskap om hur ett projekt om konst kan relateras till hälsa hos gymnasieelever.

Denna studies syfte är undersöka hur elevhälsoteamet på en gymnasieskola inom Västmanlands Län arbetar med att främja gymnasieelevernas psykiska hälsa. För att möjliggöra studien tillämpades en kvalitativ metod för att få ta del av personers erfarenheter och upplevelser kring ämnesområdet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med ett antal intervjupersoner som identifierades genom ett målinriktat urval där alla deltagare arbetar inom elevhälsoteamet på en gymnasieskola inom Västmanlands Län. Det insamlade materialet analyserade med en manifest innehållsanalys där ett resultat kunde uttolkas.   Intervjupersonerna upplevde att det den psykiska hälsan påverkades av den fysiska hälsan. För att kunna vara nöjd med sig själv beskrev intervjupersonerna att det krävdes att uppnå ett stabilt och positivt hälsotillstånd. I det praktiska arbetet upplevdes en avsaknad av en handlingsplan eller tydliga riktlinjer trots att intervjupersonerna arbetade aktivt med att främja gymnasieelevernas psykiska hälsa. Intervjupersonerna betonade att det var bristande fokus på psykisk hälsa och främjande arbete. Hur intervjupersonerna uppskattade sitt hälsofrämjande arbete var främst genom betyg, gymnasieelevernas skolutveckling och förändring i närvaro, engagemang och humör. Det föreligger utvecklingsmöjligheter där implementering av handlingsplan eller arbetsmodell skulle förbättra det hälsofrämjande arbetet på gymnasieskolan. Denna studie tar slutligen upp SESAME arbetsmodell som ett förslag att tillämpa för elevhälsoteamet och deras arbete med att främja gymnasieelevernas psykiska hälsa. / The purpose of this study is to examine how the school health unit at a high school in Vastmanlands County is working to promote mental health among the students. To enable the study a qualitative method was applied in order to understand how the health unit works around the subject. Semistructured interviews was carried out with a number of persons who were identified through a targeted selection. Where all were working as a part of the school health unit at a high school in Vastmanlands County. With a manifest content analysis the collected material could show a result from those interviewed.  The result demonstrated that there was a connection between how the mental health was affected by the physical health. In order to achieve a stable and positive health condition it required a person to be satisfied with oneself. The practical work lacked a plan of action or guidelines although personel were working actively to promote the mental health among the students. It was underlined that there was a lack of attention specifically regarding the mental health and the health promotion. The results of the health promotion work were estimated mainly via grades, students school development and changes in attending school, commitment and mood. There are development possibilities in which implementation of a plan of action or a working model could improve the health promotion work in high school. Finally this study suggests applying SESAME as a working model in the health promotion work for the health school unit in order to promote the mental health among the students.