(in English): This diploma thesis focuses on the impact of top manager's education on managing organization. Specifically, it focuses on directors who have studied in the field classified as helping professions and also have experience in managing an organization operating in the field of social work. The entire thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part introduces a definition of helping profession and presents field of education that a helping worker could study. It also introduces reader the theory of management, from historical development, through introducing management as a management process or as a group of managers. The last chapter of theoretical part presents a theory of management styles, a theory of communication or a theory of intentional influencing through control or support. Aim of the practical part is to find out whether and how education could affect for example manager's crisis management, communication in the organization, employee evaluation, attitude to employees or attitude to clients. A qualitative method was chosen for the research survey, specifically a form of semi-structured in-depth interview. Klíčová slova (anglicky): helping profession, education in helping profession, management, management functions, management styles

Stronger financial pressures are currently challenging previously unopposed ways of directing work within professional organizations, where strong groups characterized by power, prestige and autonomy play a major role. As a result of increased scrutiny of professions from the outside, resistance to change emerges in these settings. Earlier applied frameworks for understanding change mechanisms in a professional setting are however rather limited in their understanding of how change dynamically occurs. By designing a novel, more dynamic framework for organizational change, we aim in this thesis to develop an increased understanding for challenges to change initiatives in professional organizations. Through observational studies and open interviews at a Swedish hospital working with process development based on lean principles, we were able to identify the five discursive practices of “Shielding the Profession”, “Exempting Exceptions”, “Positioning Subjects”, “Casting the Other” and “Engaging” as being typical for professional organizations. By understanding the dynamics of discursive interplay, we could then explain how these practices contributed to three major challenges to change initiatives within professional organizations; “The challenge of novel concepts”, “The challenge of achieving managerial influence” and “The challenge of distance”. Our results should provide a foundation for further studies wanting to explore how change processes strategically can be managed, but could also be used as a tool for managers in professional organizations wanting to understand why change initiatives do not result in desired outcomes. / Dagens ekonomiska klimat sätter press på tidigare sätt att organisera arbete inom professionella organisationer, där starka grupper som karakteriseras av makt, prestige och autonomi har ett stort inflytande. Till följd av en ökad insyn i det professionella arbetet uppstår i denna kontext ett motstånd till förändring. Tidigare studier av förändring inom professionella organisationer uppvisar dock begränsningar i sitt sätt att förstå fenomenet. Genom att designa ett nytt, mer dynamiskt ramverk för undersökande av förändringsprocessen syftar vi med denna rapport till att utöka förståelsen kring utmaningar kopplade till förändringsinitiativ i professionella organisationer. Genom observationsstudier och öppna intervjuer på ett stort svenskt sjukhus där ett leaninspirerat arbetssätt håller på att implementeras identifierade vi de fem diskursiva beteendena: “Shielding the Profession”, “Exempting Exceptions”, “Positioning Subjects”, “Casting the Other” och “Engaging” som kunde anses vara typiska för professionella organisationer generellt. Genom att förstå dynamiken mellan olika diskurser kunde vi sedan förklara hur dessa fem beteenden bidrog till tre huvudsakliga utmaningar kopplade till förändringsinitiativ i professionella organisationer: “The challenge of novel concepts”, “The challenge of achieving managerial influence” och “The challenge of distance”. Våra resultat kan anses utgöra en grund för vidare studier som vill utforska hur förändringsprocesser strategiskt kan påverkas men de kan också användas som ett verktyg av ledare i professionella organisationer som upplever svårigheter att nå önskade resultat av förändringsinitiativ.

Through the assistance of a literature study, the purpose of this degree project is to investigate if a hierarchical status order within social work exists and where the work with financial aid and its employees are located in this status hierarchy. Another goal is to compile knowledge around if the status has the opportunity to develop. A part of the literature has shown a clear lack of knowledge regarding the work with financial aid which causes prejudice about the employees and how they carry out their tasks. This ignorance may be due to the lack of research in the field which underestimates the services in financial assistance and instead prioritizes other forms of social work therefore contributes to the low status. The central queries of this project are to examine firstly the adding factors to the subordinate status of the social worker and the organization in terms of work with financial aid, secondly to investigate how the work itself is viewed by outsiders such as politicians, other social workers, the general population including media and lastly to inspect if there are any possibilities of increasing the current status. The main results of this report that have been found identify four main factors such as workload, external prestige, mobility and clientele, which contribute to the organization's status and have an impact on how individual social workers experience the low occupational status. Finally, the researchers demonstrate some proposals on how status can be raised with the help of actual job descriptions, investment in resources and greater differences in educational levels that also aim at further education for the role of executive.

Titel: Fastighetsmäklare som profession - En studie om yrkets professionskategorisering Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i ämnet Fastighetsvetenskap Författare: Jesper Arnshed Handledare: Karin Staffansson Pauli Datum: Maj 2021 Syfte: Med utgångspunkt i de fördelar som tillkommer av att nå en högre profession, är syftet med denna studie att undersöka fastighetsmäklarbranschens syn på kategoriseringen av mäklarprofessionen Metod: Denna studie har applicerat en kvalitativ forskningsmetodik. Med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer har empirisk data kopplats till den teoretiska bakgrunden, om de bakomliggande aspekterna som bidrar till fastighetsmäklarens professionskategorisering. Resultat & Slutsats: Resultatet visar att mäklarens strävan mot högre profession delvis försvåras till följd av glappet mellan teori och praktik, samt de odefinierade regel- och ramverk som mäklare har att förhålla sig till. Om den nya lagändringen istället hade varit förankrad i de reella utmaningar och faktorer som påverkar förtroendet och yrkesintegriteten för mäklaren, finns där stora möjligheter för yrkesgruppen att nå en högre profession. Uppsatsens bidrag till ämnet: Studien har bidragit med ytterligare förståelse för mäklarens profession och vad som förhindrar en högre kategorisering. Förslag till framtida forskning: Efterhand som lagändringen har blivit implementerad vore det intressant att studera vilka förändringar som fått genomslag i branschen och för mäklaren. / Title: Real Estate Agent as a profession - A study about the occupation´s professional categorization Level: Bachelor's thesis within Real Estate Science  Author: Jesper Arnshed Supervisor: Karin Staffansson Pauli Date: May 2021 Aim: Based on the benefits of reaching a higher profession, the aim of this study is to examine the real estate industry's view on the categorization of the broker´s profession. Method: This study has applied a qualitative research methodology. With the help of semi-structured interviews, additional dimensions have supplemented the theoretical background, about the underlying aspects that are derived from the real estate agent's professional classification. Result & Conclusions: The result shows that the brokers´ aim towards a higher profession is partly prevented due to the gap between theory and practice, and the undefined rules and regulations that brokers must deal with. If the new law change had instead been rooted in the real challenges and aspects that affect the trust and professional integrity among brokers, there are great opportunities for the occupational group to reach a higher profession.  Contribution of the thesis: The study contributed with additional understanding to the broker´s profession and what prevents a higher categorization. Suggestions for future research: As the changes in the law are implemented, it would be interesting to study what changes have had an impact in the industry and for the broker.

Föreliggande arbete kommer att behandla problemet barnfattigdom, vi kommer att belysa problemet genom att se på hur barnkonventionen format beslutsfattandet av ekonomiskt bistånd. Syftet med uppsatsen är titta på hur socialsekreterares handlingsutrymme har formats sedan barnkonventionen blivit svensk lag 1 januari 2020. De centrala frågeställningarna vi vill besvara är för det första hur använder socialsekreterare det relativt nyförvärvade handlingsutrymmet, för det andra har socialsekreterarnas handlingsutrymme formats för att möjliggöra bedömningar utifrån tillämpningen av barnperspektivet? För det tredje har barnkonventionen nått en handlingsmässig tyngd i det arbete som en socialsekreterare på ekonomiskt bistånd utför i ärenden som rör barn? Resultatet visar att socialsekreterarnas handlingsutrymme har förändrats genom att de kan bevilja ekonomiskt bistånd utifrån barnkonventionen men också att handlingsutrymmet är begränsat utifrån organisationens riktlinjer och att professionens ansvar läggs över på föräldrarna. Handlingsutrymmets förändring ligger också på den yrkeserfarenhet och kunskapen en socialsekreterare har. Resultatet visar också att barnkonventionen inte har nått en riktigt handlingsmässig tyngd för att den inte tillämpats tillräckligt i handlingsutrymmets olika delar. Arbetets resultat visar på en önskan om tydligare riktlinjer och en konkretisering av barnkonventionen som verktyg för att beslut om ekonomiskt bistånd ska vara kunna tas som den kräver. / The present work will address the problem of child poverty. We will discuss the problem by looking at how the Convention on the Rights of the Child is shaped by the decisions on financial assistance. The purpose of the essay is to look at how the discretion of social workers has been shaped since the Convention on the Rights of the Child became Swedish law on the 1st of January 2020. The key questions we want to answer are firstly how social workers use the relatively newly acquired discretion found in the convention, in the practice of using a child perspective? Thirdly, has the Convention on the Rights of the Child reached a weight of action in the work carried out by a social worker in financial assistance in matters concerning children? The results show that the social worker’s use of discretion has changed in a way in which they can grant financial assistance based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child. But also, that the discretion is limited based on the guidelines of the organization and that the responsibility is transferred to parents rather than onto the responsibility of the professional. The change in the discretion is also based on the professional experience and the knowledge a social worker has. The results also show that the Convention on the Rights of the Child has not reached a real weight of action because it is not yet applied sufficiently in the various parts that make up the discretion of a social worker. The results of the paper show a desire for clearer guidelines and a concretization of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as a tool for decisions on financial assistance. This is required if we are to use the convention to the extent it needs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the background to the introducing of professional certification among medical health care social workers and to investigate how social workers and union representatives discusses about the meaning of the certificate. As for today hospital social workers are the only profession in the health care context who are not authorized which sometimes affects them and their profession in a negative way in their daily work. Lawmakers finds lack of authorization a risk factor for the patient safety. Three social workers and two union representatives have been interviewed and the result has been analyzed with professional theory and related concepts. The informants believes that the authorization will increase the power of the social workers in the medical context including having stronger autonomy and higher status. But the study have also discovered some eventual negative consequences such as hierarchization among social workers and challenges attracting enough students to study another year if higher salary will not be guaranteed. / Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka bakgrunden till beslutet att införa yrkeslegitimation för kuratorer inom hälso- och sjukvård samt att undersöka hur kuratorer och fackliga representanter resonerar kring innebörden av denna yrkeslegitimation. Kuratorerna är idag den enda yrkesgruppen inom hälso- och sjukvård som saknar legitimation vilket emellanåt påverkar kuratorerna i sin profession negativt i deras dagliga arbete. Beslutsfattare menar att avsaknad av legitimation utgör en patientsäkerhetsrisk. Tre kuratorer och två fackföreningsrepresentanter har intervjuats och resultatet har analyserats utifrån professionsteori och tillhörande begreppsapparat. Informanterna tror att legitimation kommer att ge gruppen ökade befogenheter, högre autonomi och status men studiens resultat har även visat att yrkeslegitimation kan innebära eventuella negativa konsekvenser som hierarkisering inom socionomgruppen och kompetensförsörjningsproblem i form av att få studenter att studera ett extra år om detta inte lönar sig ekonomiskt.

Enligt en prognos från Skolverket (2021) visar det att lärarbristen på behöriga lärare är alldeles för hög, vilket kan orsaka allvarliga konsekvenser om detta inte åtgärds. Vilket gör det intressant att undersöka vad som får folk att välja läraryrket eller får folk att lämna. I denna studie kommer sociologiska teorier till valet av läraryrket undersökas, med ett mer specifikt syfte att undersöka idrottslärares perspektiv på sitt yrkesval och vad som får dem att stanna kvar i yrket. Detta med hjälp av en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, där fem erfarna idrottslärare som har arbetat i högstadiet under minst fem års tid är respondenter i studien. Resultatet framlyser att ett allmänt intresse för idrott, engagemanget att arbeta med ungdomar och även tanken av att bidra till samhället var essentiella orsaker till yrkesvalet och vad som får dem att stanna. Resultatet påvisade även att psykosociala arbetsmiljön har en stor påverkan på varför folk lämnar yrket, och anses vara något som behövs fokuseras mer på för att åtgärda aktuella yrkesproblematiken. Sammanfattningsvis visar studien att idrottslärares sociala bakgrund och värderingar har en samband till yrkesvalet där positiva upplevelser av tidigare idrottserfarenhet kan anknytas ihop med yrkesvalet kombinerad med goda värderingar att vilja bidra till samhället. Respondenterna såg på sitt uppdrag som krävande och utmanade i och med de höga kraven som sätt på deras arbete, men även givande av tanken att veta hur betydelsefull yrket är för samhället. Det åtgärder som behövs är att satsa mer på en bra psykosocial arbetsmiljö och dessutom har ett bra samarbete i arbetslaget. / A study from Skolverket (2021) indicate that the shortage of qualified teachers is exceedingly high, which can cause serious consequences if not remedied. Making it interesting to examine what makes people choose the teaching profession and see what keeps them from leaving. The purpose of this study is therefore too specific examine physical education teachers’ perspective on their choice of profession and what makes them stay. To achieve results a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews is going to be composed, with five experienced physical educations teachers’ who have worked in a high school for at least five years as respondents. The results shows that a general interest in sports, the commitment to work with the youths and the idea of contributing to society were essential reasons for the choice of profession and the reasoning to stay. The results also showed that the psychosocial work environment has a great impact to pursue more people to stay at the profession, and in addition the most important case that address the current occupational issues. In conclusion, this study show that physical education teachers’ social background and values have a connection to the choice of profession, where positive experience of previous sports experience can be linked to the choice of profession combined with good values of wanting to contribute to society. The respondents saw their assignment as demanding and challenging due to the high work demands, however just the idea of knowing how important the profession is to society makes it worth it. The remedies needed are to invest more in a good psychosocial work environment and have a good collaboration between the work team.

Le notariat existe depuis le tout début de la création de la province et il a traversé les différentes époques sociétales et sociales. Le notaire québécois contemporain possède des prérogatives professionnelles et une manière de pratiquer dont les caractéristiques semblent encore relever des origines de sa genèse, ce qui paraît peu adapté aux réalités de la société d’aujourd’hui. Cette étude nous amènera, dans un premier temps, à nous intéresser aux différentes dimensions du passé du notaire pour déterminer leurs liens avec le rôle qui est actuellement le sien. Par la suite, nous tenterons de préciser le concept de notaire « architecte de l’ordre social privé » développé par Roderick A. Macdonald et de définir le concept de « notaire clérical ». Ces deux concepts seront à la base de notre analyse du notaire québécois contemporain. / The notarial profession has existed since the beginning of the creation of the province of Québec and has survived different social eras. The modern notary in Quebec has professional prerogatives and a way of practising that still seem to have little in common with their origins in the foundations of the notary's profession. The latter seems to not be well adapted to the realities of modern society. This study will lead us, in the first instance, to examine the different dimensions of the past of the notarial profession to determine its links with its current role. We will then try to clarify the concept of the notary as "architect of the private social order" developed by Roderick A. Macdonald and to define the concept of "clerical notary". These two concepts will form the basis of our analysis of the contemporary Quebec notary.

Summary: This study aims to describe how social workers experience media and its significance in relation to the professional role and the professional status. The media holds a position of power since they choose what is published and thus have a significant influence on the public’s thoughts and opinions. Previous research shows that media reporting about the social service often consists of criticism of their work and actions. It also shows that negative coverage from media may have a negative impact on the status of social workers. The method in this study is qualitative and based on interviews from nine social workers, all of whom are active within the children and family-unit. The collected material is analyzed from the theoretical framework: profession theory and emotion sociology. Findings: The result given from the interviews shows that media coverage about the social services and social workers is predominantly negative. The social workers experience that the media coverage does not affect how they perceive their own professional status, but they feel that it affects how the public and clients view the status of social workers. The social workers also experience that the media coverage affects the client work since the social workers receives additional work and higher workload due to the preconceptions that clients bring into the meeting.

Bakgrund och problem: Yrkesrollen redovisningskonsult har förändrats under de senaste två decennierna i Sverige, särskilt gällande branschorganisationernas utformande av titeln Auktoriserad Redovisningskonsult. Tillhörande titeln finns examinationsprov, teoretiska och praktiska krav samt branschspecifika standarder att följa. Följaktligen kan branschorganisationerna FAR och Srf konsulterna sägas försöka professionalisera yrkesrollen redovisningskonsult. Utvecklingen anses vara intressant att studera ur ett professionsteoretiskt perspektiv eftersom tidigare forskning på redovisningskonsulter är begränsad. Syfte: Studien syftar att analysera redovisningskonsulternas professionalisering genom att undersöka hur branschorganisationerna framställer professionaliseringen i egenpublicerade facktidskrifter. Metod: Studien har genomförts via en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och en deduktiv ansats. Innehållsanalysen har utförts på artiklar från branschorganisationerna FAR och Srf konsulternas respektive facktidskrifter Tidningen Balans och Tidningen Konsulten. Slutsats: Redovisningskonsulter genomgår en professionalisering baserat på att auktorisation och utbildning ges stort fokus av branschorganisationerna. Dock finns flertalet brister gällande professionsteorin kring kunskapsbas, ensamrätt, formell utbildning och ideologi. Kring ideologin framhävs kommersiella aspekter såsom egenintresse och kundfokus, vilka skapar oklarheter om professionsstatus kan uppnås. / Background and problem: The role of accounting consultant has developed during the last two decades in Sweden, especially regarding the trade associations’ establishment of the title Authorised Accounting Consultant (Auktoriserad Redovisningskonsult). Inherent to the title is examinations, theoretical and practical requirements as well as industry specific standards to follow. Hence the trade associations FAR and Srf konsulterna are attempting a professionalisation of the role of accounting consultant. This development is considered interesting to study from a professional theoretical perspective since prior research regarding accounting consultants is limited. Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyse the professionalisation of accounting consultants through investigating how trade associations depict the professionalisation in their self-published trade journals. Method: The study was performed using a qualitative content analysis and a deductive approach. The content analysis used articles from the trade journals Tidningen Balans and Tidningen Konsulten, given out by trade associations FAR and Srf konsulterna. Conclusion: Accounting consultants are undergoing professionalisation based on trade association mainly focusing on certification and education. However, there are multiple flaws regarding professional theory surrounding the knowledge base, exclusive right to practise, formal education and ideology. Regarding ideology, commercial aspects such as self-interest and customer focus is highlighted, which create ambiguities surrounding if professional status can be achieved.