Syftet med studien är att beskriva möjligheter och hinder för kunskapsutbyte blanddistansarbetare när kunskapsutbytet sker över digitala medier. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuergenomfördes med fem privatanställda och fem offentligt anställda. I intervjuerna fickrespondenterna dela med sig av sina upplevelser av digitala medier och kunskapsutbyte. Detempiriska materialet analyserades genom att använda media richness, närvaro i digitalinteraktion, formella och informella organiseringsprocesser, det strukturella perspektivet samtnätverksteori som teoretiska utgångspunkter. Resultatet visar att videosamtal lämpar sig bäst för överföring av mer komplex kunskap närkommunikation ansikte-mot-ansikte inte är möjlig. Telefon och chattar erbjuder snabbtillgång till kunskap som är lätt att tolka. Användandet av digitala medier ger större möjlighetför dokumentation av kunskap som är möjlig att samla, använda och dela vid senare tillfälle.Ett annat resultat är att formella strukturer med etablerade rutiner, uttalade roller,formaliserade möten och samarbeten möjliggör för kunskapsutbyten. Brist på strukturer somär anpassade efter distansarbete hindrar kunskapsutbyten. Informella sammanhang bär medsig störst möjlighet för kunskapsutbyte mellan kollegor med personliga relationer. Ökatansvar för kunskapsutbyte läggs på anställda när det finns en brist på formella strukturer ochutrymme för informella strukturer i den digitala interaktionen. / The purpose of this study is to describe the possibilities and obstacles to knowledge sharingamong teleworkers when the knowledge sharing takes place through digital media. Ten semistructured interviews took place with five employees from the private sector and fiveemployees from the public sector. During the interviews the respondents shared theirexperience of digital media and knowledge sharing. In the analysis of the empirical materialthe theoretical perspectives of Media Richness Theory, Presence in MediatizedCommunication, formal and informal organization processes, the structural perspective andnetwork theory was used. The result shows that video calls are most suitable to transfer complex knowledge when faceto-face communication is not possible. Telephone calls and chats offers quick access toknowledge that is easy to interpret. The use of digital media provides greater opportunities fordocumentation of knowledge that is possible to collect, use and share at a later time. Anotherresult is that formal structures with established routines, pronounced roles, formalizedmeetings and collaborations enable the exchange of knowledge. A lack of structures adaptedfor teleworking is an obstacle to knowledge sharing. Informal contexts offer the greatestopportunity for knowledge sharing between colleagues with personal relationships. Anincreased responsibility for knowledge sharing is placed on employees when there is a lack offormal structures and space for informal structures in the digital interaction.

Female religiosity has during the last couple of decades become a subject of interest within sociology of religion. Womens’ way of negotiating their Christian identities, in relation to traditional understandings of them, are particularly interesting in the field of mediatization, where different forms of digital media have been shown to provide new possibilities for female religiosity to become visible. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to explore this further by examining how female religiosity - visible through digital media - can challenge traditional structures of authority in christianity. This study is based on the instagram account feministpastorn, run by pastor Esther Kazen, which exemplifies how digital media opens up new spaces for women to negotiate their christian faith in relation to their feministic values. To explore this further these following research questions were formulated; 1) How does Esther Kazen relate her christian faith to her feministic values on her instagram account feministpastorn?; and 2) In what way can feministpastorn be viewed as an example of shifting authority, from a traditional (male) Christian authority to a - by a female Christian actor - newly established one? To answer these questions, the theory of mediatization, as a theory of religious change made possible by different forms of media, with a focus on a change in religious authority, was implemented in the analysis. Based on qualitative research this study shows how female religiosity can make possible a shift in religious authority by allowing women to establish their own authority, in relation to traditional structures of authority within Christian institutions. Hence, the digital medium can be seen as a platform where women can build a new position of authority in relation to existing traditional structures of authority. This study shows how feministpastorn undermines traditional authority through criticism and attempts to build a new authority by 1) appealing to the audience with humility; 2) highlighting herself, in opposition to identified problematics; and 3) using her traditional authoritative role, as pastor in Equmeniakyrkan, to enhance a new kind of authority in contrast to traditional structures of Christian authority, made possible by the digital medium instagram.

Under de senaste decennierna har datorspel etablerats som ett legitimt forskningsområde. Inom denna forskning har den artificiella intelligensen (AI) varit av stort intresse framförallt i relation till de karaktärer inom spel som kallas för non-playable characters (NPC). Fokus har legat på att göra dessa karaktärer mer trovärdiga och på så sätt göra spel mer engagerande och potentiellt främja immersion. I och med detta bör alla aspekter av NPC:er utforskas för att säkerställa att alla bidragande faktorer har identifierats och kan därefter användas för att ytterligare utveckla dessa. Då social interaktion inom datorspel har tidigare kopplats till en spelares immersion är det viktigt att förstå alla komponenter som uppgör denna. Den mänskliga kommunikationen är grundad i både verbala och icke-verbala uttryck vilket tillsammans skapar den sociala interaktionen. Därför undersöker denna studie de aspekter av en karaktärs beteende som kan kategoriseras som icke-verbala uttryck. Detta utförs med hjälp av en kvalitativ observationsmetod för att identifiera vilka variationer som existerar, hur de uppfattas, samt om de påverkar karaktärers trovärdighet och därefter spelarens känsla av immersion. / In recent decades, computer games have been established as a legitimate area of research. In this research, artificial intelligence (AI) has been of great interest especially in relation to the characters in games called non-playable characters (NPCs). The focus has been on making these characters more believable and thus making games more engaging and potentially more immersive. In doing so, all aspects of NPCs should be explored to ensure that all contributing factors have been identified and can then be used to further develop them. As social interaction in computer games have previously been linked to a player's immersion, it is important to understand all the contributing components. Human communication is based on both verbal and non-verbal behaviors, which together create social interaction. Therefore, this study examines the aspects of NPC behavior that can be categorized as non-verbal expressions. This is achieved using a qualitative observation method to identify what variations exist, how they are perceived, and whether they affect the believability of characters and the player's immersion.

Christie's and Sotheby's auction houses have adapted their way of working to a digitally progressive and globally expanding market, where the Internet, during the past two decades, has become an increasingly integral part of almost every aspect of current western culture.  This thesis examines and demonstrates how, and why, the two auction houses have adapted their work to be published through their digital and physical channels.  This thesis also examines and analyzes how Christie’s and Sotheby’s have customized their way of presenting their auction lots to potential costumers, and how they use technological innovations to visualize materiality.  Intermediate presentations of four auction lots, available through Christie's and Sotheby's Instagram accounts, websites and physical auction catalogs, are the main focus of this thesis.  The historical and contextual information, on an increasingly technologically innovative and digitally focused art and auction market, together with predominantly Roland Barthe’s semiotic theoretical framework regarding picture’s denoted and connoted messages, are being analyzed with Anne D’Alleva’s formal and contextual methodology for pictorial analysis.

The aim of this essay is to examine how digital media are used during English teaching in Sweden for students in grades 4-6. The reason is that students in those grades practice a lot of English out of class, especially when they use different digital medias such as computer games, TV-shows, YouTube etcetera. Activities with digital medias is something students does for pleasure, driven by intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is reached when three basic psychological needs are fulfilled; autonomy, competence and relatedness. For this reason, a text analysis has been done on tasks in English coursebooks and also interviews with teachers in grades 4-6 to find out in what extent students have the opportunity to work with digital medias and how these fulfills the psychological needs that lead to intrinsic motivation. The results shows that tasks in the examined coursebooks rarely deals with use of digital medias. When digital medias are included, the tasks can fulfill the psychological needs. The interviews indicates that teachers include digital media in teaching, but there is often a lack of autonomy for students.

Syftet är att bidra med ökad förståelse kring hur Fridays For Future använder digitala medier samt på vilket sätt de använder det transmediala berättandet för att kommunicera klimatförändringar externt. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med Fridays For Future medlemmar och resulterade i ett material som bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den netnografiska observationen resulterade i stor mängd data från Fridays For Future kampanjen #Withdrawthecap som bearbetades genom en kvalitativ dataanalys och med stöd av Gambaratos (2013) analytiska överväganden. Utifrån analys och diskussion av studiens resultat drogs slutsatserna att digitala medier används för mobilisering av strejker. Vidare används digitala medier för att snabbt kunna svara på politikers beslut rörande klimatfrågan. Ytterligare dras slutsatsen att transmedial mobilisering används i kommunikationen. I kampanjen #Withdrawthecap används flertalet beståndsdelar som utgör ett transmedialt berättande vilket visar på att berättandeformen används till viss del för att kommunicera klimatförändringar. / How does the social movement Fridays For Future use digital media when communicating their stance on climate change? The study at hand employs qualitative interviews in order to discern how the organisation use digital media and external transmedia storytelling in their fight for climate preservation. Here, representatives of the organisation are interviewed about strategic decisions taken in regards to organisational digital media use. The collected data was categorized using qualitive content analysis. Additionally, a supplementary netnographic study is featured in which the campaign #Withdrawthecap is examined. The netnographic study resulted in a large amount of data, which was processed through a qualitive data analysis with the support of Gambarato's (2013) analytic considerations. This study unveils the prominence of transmedia mobilization. Furthermore, digital media are used to organize strikes and quickly respond to politicians' decisions regarding the climate issue. The #Withdrawthecap campaign uses most of the elements that defines transmedia storytelling which indicate that the narrative form is used to some extent to communicate climate change.

This case study presents research on social media operations in the news media in lceland and Sweden. Social media channels have become a big part of everyday life in western countries and have simultaneously become a big part of how individuals consume news. This case study looks into how social media channels are utilised in everyday work at legacy media companies and how media professionals perceive the effects of these channels on the news industry in Iceland and Sweden. The case study consists of interviews with six media professionals from six legacy media companies in Iceland and Sweden. Results show that legacy news media companies are cautious towards being reliant on social media channels in their operations but are dependent on using social media channels to some extent as public discourse is increasingly taking place on these channels. / I denna fallstudie presenteras forskning om sociala medier i nyhetsmedier på Island och i Sverige. Sociala mediekanaler har blivit en stor del av vardagen i västländerna och har samtidigt blivit en stor del av hur individer konsumerar nyheter. Denna fallstudie undersöker hur sociala mediekanaler används i det dagliga arbetet på medieföretag och hur mediefolk uppfattar effekterna av dessa kanaler på nyhetsbranschen på Island och i Sverige. Fallstudien består av intervjuer med sex medieexperter från sex medieföretag på Island och i Sverige. Resultaten visar att nyhetsmedieföretag är försiktiga med att vara beroende av sociala mediekanaler i sin verksamhet, men att de är beroende av att använda sociala mediekanaler i viss utsträckning eftersom den offentliga diskursen i allt högre grad äger rum på dessa kanaler.

Utifrån vår egen arbetserfarenhet och praktik har vi upplevt att det råder en digital frånvaro på en del fritidshem trots intresse hos eleverna. Vi vet att en stor del av fritidshemmets uppdrag är att skapa en meningsfull fritid som skall utgå från elevernas intresse samtidigt som den ska bjuda in till nya upptäckter. Detta gjorde att vi ville undersöka området vidare och se vad eleverna upplever som meningsfull fritid, samt den digitala närvaron på fritidshemmet. Syftet med denna studie blev att undersöka ett fritidshem och utifrån barnens perspektiv vad de upplevde som en meningsfull fritid. Studien har gjorts utifrån två frågeställningar: Hur upplever elever meningsfull fritid på fritidshemmet? och Vilken roll har digitala medel i elevernas upplevelse av meningsfull fritid, både i hemmet och på fritids? Empirin samlades in genom tre gruppintervjuer med totalt 12 barn, detta för att närma oss barns perspektiv och deras subjektiva upplevelse av meningsfull fritid och digitala medier i fritidshemmet. Resultaten i studien visar att barnen har stort intresse för digitala medier och att det finns en önskan att införa fler aktiviteter av detta inslag. Vidare visar resultaten att upplevelsen av en meningsfull fritid är kopplad till den sociala interaktionen med vänner, både i och utanför fritidshemmet. / Based on our own work experience and practice, we have noticed a digital absence in some after-school programs despite the interest from the students. We know that a significant part of the after-school program's mission is to create meaningful leisure time that should be based on students' interests while also inviting new discoveries. This made us want to further investigate the area and see what students perceive as meaningful leisure time, as well as the digital presence in the after-school program. The purpose of this study was to examine an after-school program and, from the children's perspective, what they experienced as meaningful leisure time. The study was conducted based on two research questions: How do students perceive meaningful leisure time in the after-school program? and What role do digital means play in students' experience of meaningful leisure time, both at home and in the after-school program? The data was collected through three group interviews with a total of 12 children, to approach the children's perspective and their subjective experience of meaningful leisure time and digital media in the after-school program. The results of the study show that the children have a great interest in digital media and that there is a desire to introduce more activities of this kind. Furthermore, the results show that the experience of meaningful leisure time is linked to social interaction with friends, both within and outside the after-school program.

This dissertation explores how social class matters in young men’s everyday relationship to digital media. The aim is to contribute to the existing knowledge about how young people incorporate digital media in their everyday lives by focusing on the structural premises of this process. It also presents an empirically grounded critique of popular ideas about young people as a “digital generation”, about the internet as a socially transformative force, and about class as an increasingly redundant category. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with 34 young men (16-19 years) from different class backgrounds, upper secondary schools and study programmes. Drawing on the conceptual tools of Pierre Bourdieu, three classes are constructed: the “cultural capital rich”, the “upwardly mobile”, and the “cultural capital poor”. The analysis shows that class, through the workings of habitus, structures the young men’s relationship to school and future aspirations. This also engenders class-distinctive ways of conceiving leisure and digital media use. Through their class habitus and taste, the young men tend to orient themselves and navigate in different ways in what they perceive as a space of digital goods and practices, endowed with different symbolic value in school and society. The “cultural capital rich” are drawn to-wards practices capable of yielding symbolic profit in the field of education and beyond, whereas the other classes gravitate towards the “illegitimate” digital culture but deal with this different ways. These findings indicate that there are social and cultural continuities at play within recent technological changes. They also expose the structural differences hidden by sweeping statements about young people as a “digital generation”. Finally, they show that class, contrary to popular beliefs about “the death of class”, still represents a pertinent analytical category.

This thesis explores French philosopher Jacques Derrida’s ’hauntology’ through the lens of digital monsters and feminist theory. Hauntology – a pun on ‘ontology’ and ‘haunting’ – offers an ethics based on responsibility towards that which cannot be said to fully exist, yet has an effect on our everyday lives nonetheless. Like the figure of the ghost, such undecidable existences are neither absent nor present, here nor gone, of the past or the future. In other words: they haunt. By engaging with hauntology through contemporary stories of digital monsters – such as The Curious Case of Smile.jpg, Welcome to Night Vale and Mushroom Land TV - the thesis discusses how such troubling hauntings might be imagined, and what it means to think an ethics based on responsibility towards the undecidable. In this way, the thesis brings together hauntology and digital media, arguing that thinking with and through the figure of the ghost as well as the digital monster may lead to different and critical ways of imagining both the world and ethics. In short, drawing upon feminist theory and creative writing, the thesis maps out a relational ethics of hauntings and internet story-telling. / Denna avhandling utforskar den franske filosofen Jacques Derridas ’hauntologi’ genom digitala monster och feministisk teori. Hauntologi - en ordlek på ontology och haunting - erbjuder en etik som bygger på ansvar gentemot det som inte kan sägas helt existera, men ändå har en effekt på vårt dagliga liv. Liksom figuren ’spöket’ är sådana obestämbara existenser varken frånvarande eller närvarande, här eller borta, i det förflutna eller framtiden. Med andra ord: de hemsöker. Genom analyser av samtida berättelser om digitala monster - som The Curious Case of Smile.jpg, Welcome to Night Vale och Mushroom Land TV - diskuterar avhandlingen hur sådan oroande hemsökelser kan bli föreställda, och vad det innebär att tänka en etik baserad på ansvar gentemot det obestämbara. På detta sätt sammanför avhandlingen hauntologi och digitala medier ihop för att argumentera att akten att tänka med och genom spöket som figur och det digitala monstret kan leda till annorlunda och kritiska sätt att föreställa sig både världen och etik på. Avhandlingen bygger på feministisk teori och kreativt skrivande för att utforska en relationell etik baserad på hemsökelser och internet-berättelser.