This dissertation deals with the changing conditions for schools and the teaching profession from a teachers’ perspective. The process of the global restructuring of national educational systems that gained momentum in Sweden in the 1990s, involved the introduction of a school voucher system, competition mechanisms and the decentralization of responsibilities to schools and teachers.  The aim of this dissertation is to examine teachers’ professional identities in relation to changes in local and global conditions for schools and the teaching profession.     Empirically, this study is anchored in 15 life history interviews conducted with eight teachers who have been working at the same secondary school in a Swedish mid-sized town. The school opened in 1965 in a residential area and closed down 2007 facing difficulties in attracting students. The teachers’ professional identities are analyzed in terms of identity performances, that is, the socially situated actions embedded in the stories and the interviews, in which they express and negotiate who they are or would like to be as a teacher. Methodologically this study contributes to a new way of investigating the relation between local school contexts and teacher identities by analyzing the institutional memories of a school.     Results show that educational restructuring in this local school context entailed shifts in the meanings of previously known social relationships and phenomena, such as the school’s mixed student base, reputation and forms of cooperation, and that the local press became an important actor when market mechanisms were introduced. The study highlights the complexity and variability when professional identities take shape in the teachers’ stories. Some features of the professional identities focused on in this study appear to be relatively stable, while others appear to be more varying. Self biographical factors, culturally available narratives of the teaching profession, as well as local factors tend to have a stabilizing effect on the identities shaped in the stories. However, diverse professional aims, life events and changing working conditions contribute to changes in the identity constructions. In the analysis of the institutional memories presented in the thesis, it is evident that identity performances are shaped in the teachers’ retellings of those memories. In different teachers’ versions of institutional memories, identity performances that stress e.g. the importance of discipline in school and opposition to women’s subordination are shaped.

The purpose of this study was to examine and increase the knowledge about the way young, newly graduated social workers view their professional role considering their age and professional experience, how they experience the relation to their clients and colleagues and how these experiences all together affect the way the young social workers handle their professional role. Seven social workers in the ages between 23 and 25, who graduated from Socialhögskolan, Stockholm University, in January 2007, where interviewed. They also answered a questionnaire covering the similar questions as the interview. Little research had previously been made in this particular area, why the triangulation of methods was helpful in analyzing the results, with data coming from two different resources. To analyze the data a multidimensional theory was used, containing coping theory, an experiential perspective, Antonovskys theory a sense of coherence, cognitive theory and role theory. In summary, the results showed that young newly graduated social workers experienced expectations both coming from them selves and their surroundings. Finding meaning in their work helped the respondents to handle stress. The relation to their clients and colleagues and the expectations all together participated in the development of their professional role.

The purpose of this study was to examine and increase the knowledge about the way young, newly graduated social workers view their professional role considering their age and professional experience, how they experience the relation to their clients and colleagues and how these experiences all together affect the way the young social workers handle their professional role. Seven social workers in the ages between 23 and 25, who graduated from Socialhögskolan, Stockholm University, in January 2007, where interviewed. They also answered a questionnaire covering the similar questions as the interview. Little research had previously been made in this particular area, why the triangulation of methods was helpful in analyzing the results, with ata coming from two different resources. To analyze the data a multidimensional theory was used, containing coping theory, an experiential perspective, Antonovskys theory a sense of coherence, cognitive theory and role theory. In summary, the results showed that young newly graduated social workers experienced expectations both coming from them selves and their surroundings. Finding meaning in their work helped the respondents to handle stress. The relation to their clients and colleagues and the expectations all together participated in the development of their professional role.

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera hur en yrkesgrupp påverkas av förändrade kompetenskrav och upprepade verksamhetsövertaganden. Metod: Vi har gjort en kvalitativ fallstudie av ambulanssjukvården i Östergötland, en del av sjukvården som är offentligt finansierad men som drivs av en privat entreprenör. Såväl primär- som sekundärdata har använts. Teoretiska perspektiv: Teoriavsnittet innefattar offentlig sektors omvandling, kompetens, förändring, stress, yrkesroll och yrkesidentitet. Empiri: Primärdata har inhämtats från tre intervjuer med personer som har god kontakt med den specifika verksamheten och de anställda. Sekundärdata har inhämtats från tryckt litteratur och ett antal elektroniskt publicerade artiklar. Slutsats: Ambulanssjukvården har de senaste decennierna genomgått vissa förändringar. Verksamheten har privatiserats, blivit mer tekniskt avancerad och dessutom har Socialstyrelsen höjt kompetenskraven för de anställda. De ökade kompetenskraven har lett till en ökad fokusering på formell utbildning, och försök till att stärka yrkesidentiteten och strävan efter professionalisering. / Aim: The aim is to describe and analyze how a group of professionals is affected by changed skill requirements and repeated business takeovers. Methodology: We have made a qualitative case study of the ambulance operations in Östergötland, a part of the health care that is publicly funded but run by a private operator. Both primary and secondary data have been used. Theoretical perspectives: The theoretical perspective includes the transformation of the public sector, competence, change, stress, professional role and professional identity. Empirical foundation: Primary data has been collected from three interviews with people who are connected to the specific operations and the employees in some way. Secondary data has been collected from literature and electronically published articles. Result: The Ambulance operations have gone thru some changes the last decades. The operations has been privatized, has become more technologically advanced and there has been an increase in the skill requirements for employees. These increased requirements have led to a greater focus on formal education, and attempts to strengthen the professional identity and a strive for professionalism.

Studien syftade till att undersöka hur psykologer upplever skapandet av sin profession under den praktiska tjänstgöringsperioden. Vi använde oss av grundad teori som kvalitativ metod för datainsamling och databearbetning. Vi intervjuade 14 psykologer och fann ett antal centrala teman som var återkommande i intervjuberättelserna. Dessa handlade om hur sociala interaktioner med omgivningen påverkade den egna processen i att bli psykolog. Datamaterialet genererade en teori som visar hur psykologen under PTP-året är en del i ett möte och interaktion med organisation, erfarenheter, utveckling och den egna individen. Dessutom framkom en processmodell som påvisade fem processer som samverkar under PTP-året. Dessa processer är reflektionsprocess, känsloprocess, yrkesrollprocess, lärandeprocess samt yrkesidentitetsprocess. Slutligen använde vi oss av respondentvalidering för att kvalitetssäkra de upptäckta fynden. / The aim of this study was to investigate how psychologists experience the creation of their profession during the first year of practice. We used “Grounded Theory” as research method. We interviewed 14 psychologists and found some central themes which were frequently described. The material from the interviews let us know that the social interaction with others had an effect on their own processes in becoming a psychologist. The material generated a theory that shows how the psychologist, during the first year of practice, is part in a meeting and an interaction with organization, experiences, professional development and the individual person. We also exposed a process model that revealed five processes that interact during the first year of practice. These processes were a reflection process, an emotional process, a professional role process, a learning process and a professional identity process. Finally, we used the quality assessment method of respondent validation to confirm the findings discovered.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka om religionslärare på grundskolans senare år upplever en konflikt mellan läroplanens mål om en icke-konfessionell, saklig och allsidig undervisning och den tradition som finns inom religionskunskapen med en nära koppling till kristendomen. Undersökningen bygger dels på litteraturstudier, där jag ger en bakgrund till och en definition av relevanta begrepp som icke-konfessionell undervisning, saklig och allsidig undervisning, sekularisering, religionsfrihet samt mångkultur, dels intervjuer med tio religionslärare i Jönköpings kommun. Resultatet visar att lärarna inte upplever någon konflikt kring detta något motsägelsefulla, men att de är mycket medvetna om problematiken som finns kring dessa begrepp och kopplingen till undervisningen i religionskunskap.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva hur socialarbetarens yrkesroll och yrkesidentitet kan konstrueras i uppdraget som biståndshandläggare och i förhållande till rådande diskurser inom området. Kunskapsläget inom fältet visade att arbetet som biståndshandläggare är komplext och att det därför kan vara svårt att arbeta på det sätt lagen föreskriver. Dels beroende på att den ideologiska och ekonomiska samhällsutvecklingen kan leda till lagändringar och organisatoriska förändringar, dels beroende på hänsynstagandet till det allmänna intresset. Studiens empiriska material utgörs av intervjuer med fem biståndshandläggare/socialsekreterare, varav den ena inte hade ett myndighetsutövande uppdrag. Ett diskursteoretiskt perspektiv användes som verktygslåda för att analysera socialsekreterarnas utsagor och för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Studiens resultat visade på att yrkesrollen konstrueras diskursivt, avhängigt kontexten och i förhållande till organisationens uppdrag för den enskilde socialsekreteraren. Socialarbetaridentiteten/ identiteterna tillskrevs olika former av betydelser men också olika former av diskursiva krav och förväntningar på både beteende och handlande. / The aim of this study was to describe how the social worker’s professional role and work identity can be constructed in the case manager’s assignments and in relation to the existing discourses in the field. Previous research in this field has shown that a case manager’s work is complex and that it can be difficult to perform their assignments according to the law. Partly because of the ideological and economic development in society, which might lead to changes in the organization, and partly due to the consideration of public interest. The empirical part of the study consists of interviews with five social workers. One of these social workers did not have a regulatory exercise assignment. To reach the aim of the study, a theoretical discourse perspective was used. The result showed that the work identity of the case manager is constructed through the discourses of the context and in relation to the assignments given to each case officer from the organization. The social worker identity was assigned with different meanings and different discursive requirements and expectations regarding how to behave and act.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka de konsekvenser som uppstår när lagändringar påverkar socialarbetares förutsättningar och yrkesidentitet i arbetet med ensamkommande unga. Då flera lagändringar har skett i kontakt med det sociala arbetet har jag valt SFS 2016:752. Med lagen så infördes tidsbegränsade uppehållstillstånd och begränsade möjligheter för familjeåterförening med anhöriginvandring samtidigt skärptes försörjningskraven för anhöriga. Studien har genomförts med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta socialarbetare som varit arbetsverksamma med målgruppen ensamkommande unga innan och efter lagändringen. Intervjuerna har sedan utgjort det material som analyserats med hjälp av en teoretisk referensram som bygger på socialarbetarens yrkesidentitet, yrkesroll och profession samt tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att förutsättningarna som förändrades skapade konsekvenser som påverkar socialarbetarnas arbetssituation både internt inom verksamheten och externt mot andra instanser samt mellan socialarbetare och hjälpsökande ungdom. Respondenterna påverkades även i sitt privatliv. Resultatet och analysen visar att yrkesrollen och yrkesidentiteten separeras när yrkesrollen förändras med SFS 2016:752. Yrkesidentiteten ställs på sin spets och socialarbetarens egna etiska kompass avgör hur det sociala arbetet ska genomföras. Med förändringarna av lagen försvinner också resurser från socialarbetarnas arbete och kompensatoriska strategier skapas. Socialarbetarna påverkas i olika grad på en hälsonivå av de konsekvenser som uppstår i situationen, vilket enligt studiens resultat hör ihop med handledning, hantering av empati och känslokontroll. / The Purpose of this studie has been to investigate how the socialworkers professional identity in relation with unaccompanied refugee children, has been effected by amendments of the law. Since several amendments of the law has been in contact with the social work I have chosen SFS 2016:750. With this amendment timelimted residence permits was initiated which limited possibilities for family reuinons with a relative background, in the midst of this the sustention demands was hardened. Eight social workers has been interviewed in a qualitative, semi-structured manner. These social workers has been involved professionally with the target group constisting of unaccompanied refugee children, both prior and after that the amendment of the law was made. The Interviews has then been the foundation of the material that has been analysed with the help of a theorecital frame of reference that is the foundation of the socialworkers professional identity and role, previously conducted research has also been accounted for. The results of the studie concludes that when the prerequesites are changed it also changes the social workers profesional situation, both internally and externally, in regards of the relation between the social worker and the refugee children. Also the private life of the respondends were effected. The result and analysis show that the Professional identity and role got separated when the professional role are changed when SFS 2016:752 was amended. The Professional identity is put to the test and the social workers own ethical compas decides how the social work itself should be performed. Amendments of the law also reflects on the social workers professional work and compensatory strategies are made. The social workers are affected on different levels of health by the consequences that appear in the sitiation, the results of the studie shows that this relates to guidance, empathy managemant and emotional control.

Det här är en kvalitativ studie med syfte att bidra med förståelse för hur skolledare och tidigare elever på det estetiska programmet värderar och diskursivt konstruerar inriktningen Bild & formgivning i aspekten estetelevers framtidsutsikter vad gäller studier och yrkesval. Jag vill på detta sätt synliggöra omgivningens syn på programmet och vad estetiska kunskaper kan ha för funktion i samhället. Jag har arbetat efter studiens frågeställningar: Hur konstruerar före detta elever och skolledare estetelevernas framtida yrkesidentiteter? Varför anser tidigare elever att de haft nytta av utbildningen? Hur värderas det estetiska programmet och estetiska kunskaper av skolledare och före detta elever?Det empiriska materialet består av sex intervjuer med före detta elever och skolledare. Materialet är analyserat med hjälp av diskursanalys och kritisk diskursanalys. Jag intresserade mig för att undersöka vilka sanningsregimer som synliggjordes, om de skiljde sig mellan informanterna, vad som inte sades och informanternas sätt att tala om det estetiska programmet och om synen på estetelevers framtid förändrades under intervjuns gång.Bakgrund till studien är att elever förmedlat att deras omgivning har vaga föreställningar om utbildningens värde, att det finns en okunskap om att den leder till högskolestudier och mångskiftande yrkesliv efter det. I studiens intervjuer framkom att de före detta eleverna uppskattade att programmet var högskoleförberedande. Men både de och skolledarna beskriver att det allmänt sett, åtminstone utanför skolans område, inte är känt att det estetiska programmet ger högskolebehörighet som liknar det samhällsvetenskapliga programmets.Läroplanen GY 11 medförde för de estetiska ämnena och inriktningarna att fokus skiftades från estetik och skapande och till entreprenöriellt tänkande med lönsamhet. Begrepp som kultur, konst och estet fick en negativ klang i många kretsar, vilket också påverkat synen på programmet.Trots att vårt samhälle blir allt mer digitaliserat och visuellt, kopplas inte programmet ihop med relaterade yrken. Men som det framkommer i min studie kommer människor ha stor nytta av att behärska det kommunikativa bildspråkliga fältet, oavsett yrke.

This dissertation is concerned with the learning of occupational identities in health care and medical services. The aim is to increase the knowledge of what characterizes occupational identities how these are learnt, and what potential driving forces exist that can contribute to the development of both occupational identities and health care activities. Learning is seen as a continuous process of participation in everyday social practices, in which occupational identities are formed, maintained and developed. Both occupational identities and social practices are context-bound. In order to shed light on the forming, maintaining and developing character of learning I have started from three different models; a social-interactionist, an institutional and a contextual. The dissertation is based on case studies of three care units. A health-care centre, a medical clinic and an anaesthesia clinic. The study comprises two data-collection phases. The first phase includes interviews with personnel and management at the three care units. The second phase includes self-observation studies in the form of diaries kept by personnel at the medical and anaesthesia clinic. It appears from the results that there are both similarities and differences between occupational groups and the activities in which they work. There also exist certain differences that have to do with the individuals' experience, career paths and length of employment. On this basis, occoupational identities can he analyzed on a occupational-related, an activity-related and an individual-related level. Learning can also from this point of view be seen as an interplay between those three levels.