Denna rapport syftar till att genomföra en jämförande fallstudie mellan Vallastaden och Skäggetorps fysiska miljö, där vi undersökt påverkan på segregation och utanförskap. Vi grundar undersökningen i planeringsidealen som präglat Vallastaden och Skäggetorps fysiska miljö. Syfte och frågeställningar har besvarats genom en metodkombination mellan observationer och dokumentanalys. Metoderna har använts för att beskriva och analysera den fysiska miljön kopplat till segregation, samt kunna åskådliggöra Linköping kommuns strategier för att integrera staden och minska segregationen.  Fallstudien grundar sig i Jane Jacobs och Jan Gehls teoretiska ramverk. Dessa teoretiska tankar grundar sig i hur fysisk miljö kan bidra till den goda staden och konsekvenser av barriärer. Vi har identifierat likheter och skillnader i områdena, samt hur barriärer och den fysiska miljön påverkar stadens segregation. En annan viktig upptäckt är att det största fokuset på segregation läggs på socioekonomiskt svaga områden medan vi identifierat brister i andra typer av områden, såsom i Vallastaden. / This report aims to conduct a comparative case study between Vallastaden and Skäggetorp's physical environment, where we investigated the impact on segregation and exclusion. We base the study on the planning ideals that characterized the physical environment of Vallastaden and Skäggetorp. The aim and questions at issue have been answered through a combination of methods including observations and document analysis. The methods have been used to describe and analyze the physical environment linked to segregation, as well as being able to illustrate Linköping municipality's strategies to integrate the city and reduce segregation. The case study is based on the theoretical framework of Jane Jacobs and Jan Gehl. These theoretical thoughts are based on how the physical environment can contribute to the good city and the consequences of barriers. We have identified similarities and differences in the areas, as well as how barriers and the physical environment affect the city's segregation. Another important discovery is that the greatest focus on segregation is placed on socio-economically weak areas, while we have identified deficiencies in other types of areas, such as in Vallastaden.

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Large urban environments have often been seen as inhospitable to human living conditions throughout modern history. Housing shortages, overcrowding and health issues have been major concerns to politicians and urban planners in Sweden for over a century, leading to the development of solutions that are deeply rooted in a contemporary ideological context as well as influenced by past ideals. During the 20th century the functionalist architectural movement, inspired by the international modernist movement, made a great impact in Sweden and Stockholm in particular. This led to the emergence of a paradigm of suburban housing projects in Stockholm. This thesis examines the planning and living conditions in the early period of Bredäng, a southern suburb in Stockholm, using a wide theoretical framework. The modernist ideals of “social differentiation” and “Neighborhood Units” are analysed through municipal documents, and the experiences of its first inhabitants are examined through articles in newspapers. The aim is to understand the relationship between the planning of the suburb and the lived experiences of its first residents.

Forskningsämnet boendesegregation har på senare år kommit att få en allt större roll inom den svenska segregationsdiskussionen. Uppsatsen är en litteraturstudie som diskuterar hur forskare studerar och har studerat begreppet boendesegregation, hur den synliggörs, varför den uppstår och vilka konsekvenser den ha på individer.Genom att koppla ihop den rådande diskussionen kring boendesegregation, grannskapseffekter, stigmatiseringsprocesser samt blandad boendemiljö med empiriskt material från två fallstudieområden i Botkyrka Kommun, ämnar den här uppsatsen studera konsekvenser av boendesegregation.Resultatet av fallstudien och litteraturstudien har visat upp ett komplext forskningsläge där det, dels går att finna forskare som använder teorin om grannskapseffekter som utgångspunkt i sin forskning, medan det å andra sidan finns skeptiker som pekar på empiriska brister vad gäller beläggen för existensen av grannskapseffekter.I fallstudieområdena har det kunnat noteras relativt stora skillnader mellan den socioekonomiska karriären för unga vuxna i de båda områdena. Antydan till en exogen effekt av boende i områdena, har noterats, men i en studie av denna karaktären har inte ett orsakssamband mellan boendeområdet och invånarnas socioekonomiska karriär helt kunnat fastställas. / The research regarding residential segregation has in recent years come to play an increasingly large role in the debate concerning segregation in Sweden. This paper is a literature study which discusses how researchers both have studied and are studying the conceptofsegregat ion,howsegregat ionismadevisible,whyitoccursa ndwhat consequences it may bring.By connecting the current discussion of residential segregation, neighbourhood effects, stigmatisation and mixed residential environments with empirical data from two case study areas in Botkyrka Kommun in Sweden, is the intention of this paper to study the consequences of residential segregation on inhabitants.The result of the case study and the literature study has shown a complex research area, whereas you on one hand can find researchers who uses the neighbourhood effect as a basis in their research, while on the other hand there are some sceptics who points at empirical shortcomings for the evidence of the existence of neighbourhood effects.Furthermore it has been possible to detect relatively large differences between the to case study areas, when it comes to the socio-economic career of young adults. Traces of an exogenous effect have been spotted, but the study has had difficulties in proving a cause-and- effect connection between the residential area and its inhabitants socioeconomic career.

I en tid där skolor stängs ner för gott som en strategi för att möta utmaningar som exempelvis segregation inom västerländska skoldistrikt är det värt att reflektera över hur de påverkar barn och deras välbefinnande. Bakgrunden till uppsatsen bygger på ett större projekt av Flensner & Svensson (2023) kopplat till skolstängningar. I uppsatsen har projektets data från hösten 2021 använts. Metoden är kvantitativ och den upplevda känslan av trivsel, trygghet och tillit jämfördes mellan elever som bytt skola och de som inte bytt skola. Det var 1349 elever i åldrarna 10–15 år som deltog i undersökningen. Data från projektet analyserades med hjälp av Pearsons korrelationsanalys och ett oberoende t-test. Resultaten visade att trivsel, trygghet och tillit korrelerar positivt med varandra. Elever som svarade på enkäten och hade bytt skola trivdes i genomsnitt lika bra jämfört med de som inte hade bytt skola. Dessutom fanns en signifikant skillnad i upplevelsen av trygghet, där de som inte bytt skola kände sig tryggare. De som bytt skola upplevde en högre nivå av tillit. Eftersom många av de tillfrågade valde att inte svara skulle det kunna ha påverkat generaliserbarheten av resultatet. Diskussionen belyser skolstängningars effekt på elevernas upplevelse av trivsel, trygghet och tillit i skolan. / At a time when schools are being closed for good as a strategy to meet challenges such assegregation within Western school districts, it is worth reflecting on how they affect children and their well-being. The background to the essay is based on a larger project by Flensner & Svensson (2023) linked to school closures. In the essay, the project's data from autumn 2021 has been used. The method is quantitative, and the perceived sense of well-being, security, and trust was compared between students who changed schools and those who did not. There were 1,349 students aged 10–15 who participated in the survey. Data from the project were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis and an independent t-test. The results showed that well-being, security, and trust correlate positively with each other. Pupils who responded to the survey and had changed schools were on average just as happy compared to those who had not changed schools. In addition, there was a significant difference in the security experience, where those who did not change schools felt safer. Those who changed schools experienced a higher level of trust. As many of the respondents chose not to answer, this could affect the generalizability of the results. The discussion highlights the effect of school closures on students' experience of well-being, security, and trust in school.

I dagens samhälle berör integrationspolitiken en av de viktigaste samhällsfrågorna för invånarna i Sverige men när det kommer till begreppet integration så finns det en tvetydighet kring begreppet och förhållningssättet. Vidare finns det också en diskursiv påverkan kring begreppet gjord av politiker. Syftet med uppsatsen utgår från att se hur diskursen kring integration hålls av vår nuvarande regering samt Sverigedemokraterna, om den håller sig till den teoretiska definitionen och vilken påverkan diskursen har över samhället. Den kommer att försöka besvara frågeställningarna ”Vilken diskurs kring integration förs av dagens regering och Sverigedemokraterna?” och ”Hur förhåller sig deras diskurser till teoretiska begreppsdefinitioner och teoretiska perspektiv?” samt ”Vad för påverkan kan den politiska diskursen kring integration ha när det kommer till samhället?”. Utifrån en diskursanalys inspirerad utifrån Foucaults förståelse av den har jag analyserat diskursen kring integration som visas på partiernas hemsidor samt i Tidöavtalet som de gemensamt skrivit. I användandet av teorier och teoretiska begrepp som berör integration kunde jag finna att den diskurs som analyseras egentligen inte förespråkar integration utan förespråkar assimilation samtidigt som den leder till en segregation i samhället mellan majoritetssamhället och minoritetssamhället. Min forskning visar alltså att dagens politiker använder ordet integration i deras politik men förespråkar en politik som inte är för integration. / Today, integration politics touches one of the most important social issues for the inhabitants of Sweden, but when it comes to the concept of integration, there is an ambiguity surrounding it and the way to approach it. Furthermore, there is also a discursive influence around integration made by politicians. The aim of the essay is based on seeing how the discourse around integration is held by our current government and the Swedish Democrats, whether it adheres to the theoretical definition and what impact the discourse has on society. It will try to answer the questions "Which discourse around integration is being held by today's government and the Swedish Democrats?" and "How do their discourses relate to theoretical conceptual definitions and theoretical perspectives?" and "What impact can this political discourse around integration have when it comes to society?". Based on a discourse analysis inspired by Foucault's understanding of it, I have analyzed the discourse around integration that appears on the parties' websites and in the Tidö-agreement that they jointly wrote. In the use of theories and theoretical concepts that concern integration, I could find that the discourse being analyzed does not really advocate integration but advocates assimilation. It also leads to a segregation in society between the majority society and the minority. My research thus shows that today's politicians use the word integration in their politics but advocate a policy that is not for integration.

The thesis seeks to examine how newly arrived students are welcomed and introduced to the Swedish school system in Uppsala municipality. When organizing the structure of integrating immigrant children, municipalities in Sweden use different models. Depending on the model, different values are favored such as integration/segregation and collectivism/individualism.  Through interviews and textual analysis the model used in Uppsala is studied as an example of how municipalities choose to organize the structure around newly arrived students. The results show that the ambition in the organization in Uppsala is to actively use integration promoting arrangement in their every day work as well as they’re aiming to find individual solutions for each and everyone. The reality, however, reflects a lack of awareness about to what extent individual arrangements are in fact carried out and the special needs an immigrant child might have in comparison to other children. The mere existence of the school unit LYSA, which is responsible for children who have not yet received a placement in one of the permanent schools in the city, is also a drawback in achieving the ambition of the municipality, as LYSA is a separate unit that makes integration harder.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur den politiska debatten kring friskolor fördes under åren 1996 och 2006 i Sveriges tre största dagstidningar. I studien undersöks även vilka argument de politiska agitatorerna använder sig av i ledar- och debattartiklar och vilka politiska skiljelinjer som kan åskådliggöras. Vidare vill uppsatsen undersöka hur den politiska diskursen påverkas av debattörernas avsikter och handlingsutrymme. Uppsatsen vilar på en kvalitativ grund där de artiklar som studerats valts ut utifrån en ämnesmässig relevans. Den hermeneutiska metoden har använts i studien för att kunna tolka det skriva på en objektiv grund. I uppsatsen beskrivs friskolornas historiska bakgrund och hur politiken har sett och ser på friskolorna. Uppsatsen visar att den politiska debatten kring friskolor i dagstidningarna handlar om vem som skall ha makten över utbildningen d.v.s. om huvudmannaskapet över skolan skall tillhöra staten eller familjen. I åren som uppsatsen undersöker märks hur den politiska debatten under 1996 mer kännetecknas av en övergripande ideologisk strid om skolan. Under 2006 finns denna konflikt kvar men utifrån andra förtecken där politiker kan agera på ett mer friare sätt i förhållande till sitt eget partis uppfattning i frågan.

When a couple moves, the woman is often placed at a disadvantage. Moves are more often motivated by men’s career advancement opportunities, and men tend to gain more economically from moving. In this thesis, these patterns are examined with an eye on the role of sex segregation on the labor market. Results from the four studies indicate that there exist gender differences in couples’ migration patterns in Sweden. These differences cannot be completely explained by occupational sex segregation or by traditional gender ideologies. I. Compared to men, women are more willing to move for the sake of their partner’s employment opportunities. Further, fathers move for the sake of their own career more often than mothers. Gender differences in these patterns are greater among individuals with gender traditional attitudes, but also exist in more egalitarian relationships. II. In a couple, the man’s educational attainment affects couples’ mobility more than the woman’s. This is because highly educated men’s occupations have more career advancement opportunities and larger differences in wages between regions, whereas women’s occupations have higher geographic ubiquity. Both partners’ occupational characteristics have an equal impact on the couple’s mobility. III. When a couple moves, the man benefits more financially than the woman. This differential cannot be wholly explained by occupational differences. Some of the lag in women’s earnings development can be accounted for by childbearing following a move. Occupations’ with greater geographic ubiquity correlate with more positive financial outcomes for both men and women following a move. IV. At the start of co-residence, it is more common that the woman moves to the man than vice versa, and women generally move longer distances than men. Age differentails between partners explain part of these migration differences. Furthermore, men’s migration propensities and distance moved are more affected by labor market ties than women’s. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted.</p>

The effects of Gated Communities (GCs) were analysed. According to the literature, these urban artefacts are negative for society. They are blamed to provoking social segregation, social exclusion and undermining democracy. In a Latin American context the consequences could be worse. Latin America has the highest level of social inequality in the world and the rapid growth of GCs is making this inequality more visible. This study implemented the concept of Social Capital, in order to understand the urban problems in this urban geography. The study is based in Machala, a mid-sized city in Ecuador. It was found that GCs’ residents lack of trust of outsiders, residents are more distant from disadvantage groups, social networks are being homogenised and there is a stigmatisation of life outside the community’s walls. This study seeks to create awareness on the type of urban growth in Machala by exploring the consequences of fragmentation, privatisation and segregation via GCs.