Law and development mainstream conceptions of labour market policies, while still marked by long-dominant views of contract law as economically superior to any labour regulation, have recently incorporated certain specific labour (human) rights. Core labour rights are thus accepted by global policy-makers, on the basis of their radical distinction from non-core labour standards and their rationalization according to certain foundational principles. This thesis criticizes the prevailing dichotomies between core labour rights and non-core standards, on the one hand, and contract law and regulation, on the other, bringing to bear the post-legal realist idea of legal indeterminacy. It argues that the organizing legal concepts that justify these dichotomies contain gaps and ambiguities that often lead to contradictory and indeterminate outcomes. It thus suggests that the core/non-core labour standards and contract/regulation distinctions are unproductive and should be rejected if a better conception of labour governance is to come to fruition.

Law and development mainstream conceptions of labour market policies, while still marked by long-dominant views of contract law as economically superior to any labour regulation, have recently incorporated certain specific labour (human) rights. Core labour rights are thus accepted by global policy-makers, on the basis of their radical distinction from non-core labour standards and their rationalization according to certain foundational principles. This thesis criticizes the prevailing dichotomies between core labour rights and non-core standards, on the one hand, and contract law and regulation, on the other, bringing to bear the post-legal realist idea of legal indeterminacy. It argues that the organizing legal concepts that justify these dichotomies contain gaps and ambiguities that often lead to contradictory and indeterminate outcomes. It thus suggests that the core/non-core labour standards and contract/regulation distinctions are unproductive and should be rejected if a better conception of labour governance is to come to fruition.

No description available.

No description available.

The dominant construction of democracy on a global scale is in the liberal tradition. It is evident in the criteria which constitute democratic barometers in organisations like Freedom House, the International Monetary Fund, the United Nations and the World Trade Organisation. This study seeks to provide a third-order analysis of liberal democratic consolidation theory in order to highlight that its theoretical discourse and underlying structure is not necessarily compatible with the cultural values of the non-Western world using a critical discourse analysis. Democratic consolidation in the non-Western world may not necessarily mirror the theoretical model of liberal democratic consolidation. Given the hegemonic position of liberal democracy‘s criteria and its dominant discourse and role as a barometer of democracy, this study focuses on democratic consolidation in this tradition. It is primarily due to the perceived inability of non-Western states to consolidate their democracies in the liberal democratic tradition and by default, construct thriving liberal democracies. Present theories of liberal democratic consolidation theory deal with governmental, political organisational and societal aspects of liberal democracy. The level of change these theories propagate is all encompassing, and consequently one cannot merely study one aspect of liberal democratic consolidation theory, but needs to analyse the paradigm as a whole in order to explore its metatheoretical structure. It is in this light that the study conducts an appraisal of liberal democratic consolidation theory. The critique developed in this study is aimed at addressing a disparity that currently exists within contemporary consolidation of liberal democracy theory, namely a failure of producers of liberal democratic discourse to understand the philosophical and ideological undertone of liberal democratic consolidation‘s understructure. The study does not seek to conceptualise alternative criteria of democratic consolidation in the non-Western context, but focuses on liberal democratic consolidation theory, to demonstrate that its criteria is not necessarily an appropriate barometer to measure democracy in the non-Western world. / Political Sciences / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Politics)

Text in Afrikaans / In die ondersoek na die modus operandi van die bankrower: 'n kriminologiese introspeksie, kan die ondergemelde drie dimensies onderskei word: Die eerste dimensie is 'n kriminologiese introspeksie wat die betekenis wat bankrowers self aan die uitvoer van bankrooftogte heg, behels. Hierdie leefwereld van die subjekte word deur die navorser "betree" en mede-verken. Doelgerigtheid, morele oorwegings, teesin in geweld, charisma, kognitiewe vermoens en 'n materialistiese ingesteldheid is begrippe wat die bankrower as mens belig. Die tweede dimensie word verteenwoordig deur die begrondingsteorie as navorsingsmetode, gebaseer op die werk van Strauss en Corbin {1990), wat toegepas word ten einde sodanige navorsingsdoelstelling te fasiliteer. Tydens die aanvanklike fase van die ondersoek is daar met 28 bankrowers in aanhoud i ng, gefokusde semi -gest ruktureerde ind i epte-onderhoude gevoer. Opvolgonderhoude is met ses van die 28 subjekte gevoer, met die doel om 'n substantiewe begrondingsteorie te ontplooi, verskille op te klaar en die geldigheid van die data te verhoog. Die derde dimensie reflekteer vervolgens die ontplooiing van 'n substantiewe begrondingsteorie wat weerspieel word in proposisies en wat in vier fases van die modus operandi van die bankrower onderskei word, naamlik die beplanning-; uitvoering-; afhandeling-; en heroorwegingsfase. Elk van die ge'identifiseerde fases word gekenmerk deur progressiewe beweging, natuurlike kontinu'iteit, emosionele belewenisse en 'n individualistiese inslag. Twee kernelemente, naamlik besluitneming en rasionaliteit staan prominent binne die kader van die modus operandi van die bankrower. Die substantiewe begrondingsteorie is daarop ingestel om die verskynsel wat bestudeer word, te verklaar. Seide die oorweging van die ondersoek asook ander doelstellings van die navorser word binne die teorie geakkommodeer. Verdere vergelykende studies kan daartoe bydra om die substantiewe begrondingsteorie te verfyn, te falsifiseer, 6f by gebrek daaraan, tot 'n formele teorie uit te bou. Derhalwe word die begrondingsteorie as navorsingsmetode nie slegs as toepaslik beskou vir toekomstige navorsing oor onderwerpe waaroor daar 'n gebrek aan empiriese bevindinge bestaan en waaroor relatief min kennis in kriminologiese literatuur voorkom nie, maar hou dit ook die voordeel van 'n pluriforme navorsingstudie in. / In the investigation into the modus operandi of the bank robber: a criminological introspection, three dimensions can be distinguished. The first dimension is a criminological introspection comprising the meaning attached by bank rob.bers to the execution of bank robberies. This world of the subjects is entered and co-scouted. Sense of purpose, mora 1 considerations, aversion to violence, charisma, cognitive powers and a materialistic disposition are conceptions that elucidate the bank robber as a human. The second dimension is represented by the grounded theory as research method, based on the work of Strauss and Corbin (1990), which are applied to facilitate such research aims. During the initial phase of the investigation, focused, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were held with 28 bank robbers in detention. Subsequent interviews were held with six of the 28 subjects, aimed at expanding a substantive grounded theory, to clear up differences and to increase the validity of the data. The third dimension reflects the development of a substantive grounded theory which is revealed in propositions and signalised in four phases of the bank robber's modus operandi, namely the planning, execution, disposal and reconsideration phases. Each of these identified phases is characterised by progressive movement, natura 1 continuity, emot i ona 1 experiences and an individualistic infusion. The basic elements, namely decision-making and rationalisation, are prominent in the cadre of the bank robber's modus operandi. The substantive grounded theory is aimed at explaining the study phenomenon. Consideration of the investigation as well as other aims of the researcher are accommodated in the theory. Further comparative studies can assist in refining or falsifying the substantive grounded theory or, failing, to expand it to a formal theory. The grounded theory is therefore regarded as appropriate for future research on subjects about which there is a lack of empirical findings and relatively little knowledge in criminological literature. The theory offers, in addition, the advantage of a pluriform research study. / Sociology / D. Litt et Phil. (Kriminologie)

This thesis is focused on role of the external auditor and risks and ethical behavior during his working. During individual phases of audit auditor must pay attention to many parts to determine no misrepresentation information in financial statements. Too he checks up into questions of ethical behavioral, for example by the evaluation of contract´s risk.

Alors que la scène du droit semble célébrer le triomphe de l’écriture juridique, on est obligé de se poser la question de l’impact du « tout écrit » sur l’oralité juridique et de rechercher, si besoin était, la place actuelle de cette dernière en droit privé. Il est vrai que l’oralité est source d’insécurité de par ses deux caractéristiques principales : la volatilité et la versatilité. Pour autant, des vecteurs sécurisés de l’oralité existent. On est aujourd’hui en capacité d’assurer une sécurité quant à la parole et de lui conférer un caractère fiable ou pérenne ou de lui assigner un cadre, une structure permettant de développer un habitus institutionnel. L’oralité juridique demeure une notion importante en droit français mais mal définie et à caractère évolutif. Il pour autant est permis de douter que l’écriture constitue, partout et toujours, un progrès. Si l’écriture insiste surtout sur le message qu’elle véhicule et tend à l’anonymat des relations sociales, l’oralité valorise l’individualisation des rapports sociaux. L’oralité présente des caractéristiques principales essentielles telles que la rapidité, la facilité et la simplicité. L’oralité est également nécessaire au soutien des principes généraux d’organisation du procès. Elle présente des qualités indéniables rendant son utilisation indispensable, mais surtout l’oralité a vocation à replacer au centre du rapport d’obligation ou au centre du procès l’individu, source de cette oralité. L’oralité est loin du "déclinisme" qu’on lui prédit et ses apports sont essentiels. C’est la faveur traditionnelle pour l’oralité qui se trouvera ici rappelée / Nowadays the increasing number and complexity of new additional texts congest the Law. As a consequence, we can ask the question of the impact of writing on legal orality. Thus, it is required to look for the current place of orality in private law. It is true that orality is a source of insecurity because of two main features : volatility and versatility. However, there are some secured flows when using orality. Nowadays, we are able to ensure security of speech and to award it a lasting character. Also here, the possibility exists to assign to it a framework, a structure allowing to develop institutional customs. Legal orality remains an important concept in French Law, despite the current lack of structure. Whether in contractual or irrefutable proof or in procedural law, orality does not hold same guarantees as written words and without the transfer into writings, orality remains a source of concern. But we can be skeptical about the writing as a progress. If writing pays particular attention on the message and moves towards the anonymous of social relationships, orality highlights individualization of social relationships. Orality has key characteristics such as speed, ease and simplicity. Orality is also required to support of the general principles of the organization of the trial. It shows undeniable qualities making its use indispensable, but above all, orality has the vocation to put the person in the center of the contract or in the center of the trial. Today, orality is still far from the predicted decline as its contribution remains essential. It is the traditional favor for orality which will be recalled here

A investigação dos reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação do direito material positivo das relações de consumo se vincula diretamente à sistemática legislativa empregada na confecção do CDC, notadamente quanto aos seus dez primeiros artigos e à opção de neles se inscreverem as vigas mestras estruturantes de todo o seu sistema protetivo. É dizer: o direito material positivo das relações de consumo não pode ser visto de forma dissociada da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90, lídima regra de interpretação dirigida a fixar o alcance e a profundidade desse arcabouço jurídico instituído, por determinação constitucional, para amparar esse específico sujeito que é o consumidor; mais que isso, inclinado a buscar a materialização do equilíbrio nas relações obrigacionais que gravitam em torno do mercado. A ideia é visusalizar a Parte Geral do Código como um fator condicionante das regras de direito material privado criadas no intuito de concretizar a vontade do Poder Constituinte originário de defender o consumidor, operando uma espécie de justiça distributiva em uma relação jurídica historicamente desequilibrada, relegando-se às demais regras da parte especial função meramente explicativa. Nessa linha de raciocínio, foram examinados a dogmática positiva, as balizas de incidência do Código, a política nacional das relações de consumo, a boa-fé objetiva como mínimo ético exigível, os direitos básicos do consumidor e o risco como elemento de responsabilidade civil. Arremata-se com um resumo analítico da proposta, a identificar conclusões diretas sobre os problemas teóricos e práticos examinados. Torna-se imprescindível, assim, compreender a real amplitude dos direitos materiais outorgados aos consumidores e, para tanto, só há um caminho: investigar profundamente os reflexos condicionantes da Parte Geral da Lei 8.078/90 na formatação daquilo que de melhor se pensou, em termos legislativos, para promover a defesa do consumidor. / The investigation of constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in formatting the positive substantive law of consumption relationship is directly related to the legal systematic employed in the CDC confection, especially regarding the first ten articles and the option to enroll in them the main structuring foundations of the whole protective system. Indeed, the positive substantive law of consumption relationship cannot be dissociated of the General Part of Act 8.078/90, true interpretation rule aimed at setting the range and depth of this legal framework, established by constitutional determination to support this specific subject, the consumer, beyond that, inclined to search the real balance in the obligational relations focused on the consumption market. The main purpose is to visualize the Codes General Part as a constraining factor of substantive private law rules created in order to materialize the Congress originary will to protect the consumer, working as a distributive justice in a historically unbalanced legal relation, demoting the remaining special part rules to a purely explanatory function. Moreover, the positive dogmatic, the Code applicability limits, the Consumption Relationships National Policy, the objective good-faith as a minimum ethical demandable, the consumers basic rights and the risk as an element of civil liability were examined. At the end, a purpose analytical summary is presented, identifying direct conclusions concerning the theoretical and practical problems examined. It becomes imperative to comprehend the real dimension of the substantive rights granted to consumers and therefore, the only path is to deeply investigate the constraining reflexes of the General Part of Act 8.078/90 in structuring the best consideration in legal terms to promote consumer protection.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T12:44:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:18:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:18:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T12:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se a recomendação de Kahan (2009), Sherwin (2011) e Silbey (2008) à alfabetização visual dos profissionais do Direito para a interpretação e a valoração da prova em vídeo é pertinente ao caso brasileiro. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar a argumentação do Promotor de Justiça, do Defensor Público, da Juíza-Auditora e do Ministro Relator do recurso de apelação em um processo criminal militar que tramitou na Auditoria de Juiz de Fora/MG. Tal análise teve como norte estudos de Silbey (2004) e referencial teórico da Linguística Textual, em especial Koch (1986, 2011, 2015) e Thompson e Hunston (2000). Inicialmente, realizou-se a revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Após, através do método do estudo de caso unitário e com suporte na análise qualitativa de dados, investigaram-se os recursos linguísticos argumentativos e o direcionamento da força argumentativa empregados. Assim, verificou-se o tratamento dispensado à prova em vídeo no que tange à sua admissão e valoração, influenciados pela natureza com que foi considerada (demonstrativa ou substantiva), a incidência da teoria da testemunha silenciosa na atividade interpretativa e a aptidão desses atores processuais em lidar com essa prova em formato audiovisual. Ao final, após a constatação da procedência da recomendação de Kahan, Sherwin e Silbey no âmbito pátrio, sugeriu-se a realização de novos estudos para auxiliar na atividade de interpretação do registro audiovisual. Tais estudos englobariam a análise da estrutura argumentativa presente na fala dos participantes, a investigação das marcas linguístico-discursivas existentes nessas falas e a transcrição multimodal da prova em vídeo de acordo com as convenções da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica. / This paper aims to verify if the recommendation of Kahan (2009), Sherwin (2011) and Silbey (2008) to the visual literacy of law professionals for the interpretation and assessment of video evidence is pertinent to the Brazilian case. Hence, were analyzed the arguments of the Public Prosecutor, the Public Defender, the Military Judge and the Military Minister rapporteur for the appeal in a military criminal case that was processed in Juiz de Fora/MG’s court. This analysis was based on studies by Silbey (2004) and theoretical reference of Textual Linguistics, especially Koch (1986, 2011, 2015) and Thompson and Hunston (2000). Initially, the literature review on the subject was carried out. Afterwards, through the method of the unitary case study and with support in the qualitative analysis of data, were investigated the argumentative linguistic resources and the direction of the argumentative strength employed. Thus, it was verified the treatment of video evidence regarding admission and valuation, influenced by the nature with which it was considered (demonstrative or substantive), the incidence of the silent witness theory in the interpretive activity and the suitability of these procedural actors in dealing with this evidence in audiovisual format. In the end, after the verification of the recommendation of Kahan, Sherwin and Silbey at the country level, it was suggested to carry out new studies to assist in the audiovisual record interpretation activity. These studies could encompass the analysis of the argumentative structure present in the participants' speech, the investigation of the linguistic-discursive marks in these lines and the multimodal transcription of the video test according to the conventions of the Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis.