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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

The Public Health Response to an Ebola Virus Epidemic: Effects on Agricultural Markets and Farmer Livelihoods in Koinadugu, Sierra Leone

Beyer, Molly 08 1900 (has links)
During the 2013/16 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa, numerous restrictions were placed on the movement and public gathering of local people, regardless of if the area had active Ebola cases or not. Specifically, the district of Koinadugu, Sierra Leone, preemptively enforced movement regulations before there were any cases within the district. This research demonstrates that ongoing regulations on movement and public gathering affected the livelihoods of those involved in agricultural markets in the short-term, while the outbreak was active, and in the long-term. The forthcoming thesis details the ways in which the Ebola outbreak international and national response affected locals involved in agricultural value chains in Koinadugu, Sierra Leone.
82

Professional development in Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment : A case study at an Argentinian institute / Kompetensutveckling i Globala Värdekedjor ochLivscykelanalys : En fallstudie på ett argentinskt institut.

Hanström, Joel January 2017 (has links)
This master thesis seeks to investigate how an Argentinean institute support its members to learn Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment. Two important methodologies that can be used as a basis to form sustainable strategies based on analyses of products or services. A Global Value Chains and Life Cycle Assessment course is held to the institute’s members who wishes to learn them. This case study has analysed the course design, the outcome and the institute’s organizational structure for professional development based on a 15-factor framework and relevant learning theories. Course evaluations, data analysis, group interviews and questionnaires were the research methods used to gather data for this case study. The thesis reveals that several important factors for professional development that facilitate the learning of GVC and LCA can be found at the institute. But, the current course design and the institute’s restriction of access to data prevents good learning outcomes for the course participants. Several suggestions regarding the course design and organisational structure were presented, based on the findings of this study. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka hur ett argentinskt institut stöder sina medlemmar att lära sig om globala värdekedjor (GVC) och livscykelanalys (LCA). Två viktiga metoder som kan användas som utgångspunkt för att bilda hållbara strategier baserade på analyser av produkter eller tjänster. En GVC och LCA kurs hålls för institutets medlemmar som vill lära sig metoderna. Denna fallstudie har analyserat kursdesignen, utfallet och institutets organisationsstruktur för kompetensutveckling baserad på en 15-faktors ramverk och relevanta lärteorier. Kursutvärderingar, dataanalyser, gruppintervjuer och frågeformulär var de undersökningsmetoder som användes för att samla data för denna fallstudie. Studien visar att flera viktiga faktorer för kompetensutveckling underlättar lärandet av GVC och LCA på institutet. Det framgår däremot att den nuvarande kursdesignen och institutetss begränsning av tillgång till data förhindrar goda läranderesultat för kursdeltagarna. Flera förslag om kursdesign och organisationsstruktur presenteras, baserat på resultaten från denna studie. / Esta tesis de maestría busca investigar cómo un instituto argentino apoya a sus miembros para aprender las Cadenas Globales de Valor (CGV) y la Análisis del Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Dos metodologías importantes que pueden usarse como base para formar estrategias sostenibles basadas en análisis de productos o servicios. Se realiza un curso de CGV y ACV a los iembros del instituto que deseen aprenderlos. Este estudio de caso ha analizado el diseño del curso, el resultado y la estructura organizacional del instituto para el desarrollo profesional basado en un marco de 15 factores y teorías de aprendizaje relevantes. Las evaluaciones de los cursos, el análisis de datos, las entrevistas grupales y los cuestionarios fueron los métodos de investigación utilizados para recopilar datos para este estudio de caso. La tesis revela que en el instituto se pueden encontrar varios factores importantes para el desarrollo profesional que facilitan el aprendizaje de CGV y ACV. Sin embargo, el diseño actual del curso y la restricción de acceso del instituto a los datos impiden buenos resultados de aprendizaje para los participantes del curso. Se presentaron varias sugerencias sobre el diseño del curso y la estructura organizacional, basadas en los hallazgos de este estudio.
83

Är intressentengagemang nyckeln till framgångsrikt hållbarhetsarbete? : En undersökning av svenska verkstadsindustriföretag och dess värdekedjor

Hertel, Hanna, Linnea, Gullesjö January 2023 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till efterfrågat empiriskt material gällande hur intressentengagemang implementeras i företag, hur detta påverkar arbetet med hållbara värdekedjor och vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som detta medför. Studien är baserad på sex intervjuer med svenska verkstadsindustriföretag, vilka belyser hur intressentengagemang används i organisationen för att främja hållbarhet i dess värdekedjor. Studien indikerar att intressentengagemang är en del av företags hållbarhetsstrategier och utgör en del i hållbarhetsarbetet i stort. Resultaten ger argument för att intressentengagemang i värdekedjan drivs på en lägre nivå där kommunikation är den gemensamma nämnaren, med direkt hänvisning till brist på tid och resurser, olika prioriteringar och kompetensbrist. Trots detta ges belägg för att intressentengagemang skapar drivkraft till innovation, ökad kunskapsspridning och gemensamt värdeskapande.
84

In the Search for Gold / Hope, Power and Precarity in Artisanal and Small-scale Mining

Pedersen, Anna Frohn 20 November 2023 (has links)
In dieser Doktorarbeit geht es um den Kleinbergbau (ASM) und wie dieser Leben und Landschaften verändert. ASM ist eine von vielen informellen Lebensgrundlagen, die in kapitalistische Wertschöpfungsketten eingebunden ist. ASM ist für schätzungsweise 40 Millionen Menschen im globalen Süden zu einer der wichtigsten nichtlandwirtschaftlichen Lebensgrundlagen geworden. Schlechte Arbeitsbedingungen, Umweltverschmutzung, Umweltzerstörung und Machtasymmetrien machen ASM jedoch zu einer prekären Lebensgrundlage, die Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen in Frage stellt. Daher wird mehr Forschung über die Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale von ASM gefordert. Wissenschaftler betonen insbesondere die Notwendigkeit, sich mit den Perspektiven von ASM-Akteuren sowie den Dynamiken der ASM-Wertschöpfungsketten auseinanderzusetzen. Auf der Grundlage einer sechsmonatigen ethnografischen Feldforschung in der Region Geita in Tansania untersuche ich in der Dissertation skalenübergreifende Beziehungen zwischen Akteuren und Agenden innerhalb von ASM und diskutiere die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten für einen nachhaltigeren Sektor. Die Arbeit ist zwischen Anthropologie, Human- und Wirtschaftsgeographie, politischer Ökologie und Landsystemwissenschaft situiert. Ich setze qualitative Methoden ein, darunter Interviews, teilnehmende Beobachtung und gemeinschaftliches Filmen, und beziehe dabei ein breites Spektrum von Akteuren ein. In vier Hauptkapiteln beschreibt die Arbeit die Ambivalenzen von ASM, die Hoffnung und Chancen, aber auch Prekarität und Degradierung die ASM mit sich bringt. Die Arbeit zeigt, wie konkurrierende Visionen und Machtasymmetrien die Ungleichheit verstärken, aber auch zum Widerstand und zu alternativen Visionen der Globalisierung aufrufen. / This thesis is about artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) and how it transforms lives and landscapes. ASM is one of many informal livelihoods spun in capitalist value chains. Engaging estimated 40 million people, ASM has become one of the most important non-farm rural livelihoods in the Global South. However, poor work conditions, pollution, environmental degradation and power asymmetries make ASM a precarious livelihood that challenge sustainability transitions. Consequently, calls have been made for more research on the sustainability potentials of ASM. Particularly, scholars emphasise the need for engaging the perspectives of ASM actors, along with a better understanding of the value chain dynamics of ASM. Based on 6 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the Geita region of Tanzania, I explore the cross-scalar relations between actors and agendas within ASM, and discuss the challenges and possibilities for a more sustainable sector. The thesis is situated between anthropology, human and economic geography, political ecology and land system science. I engage qualitative methods, including interviewing, participant observation and collaborative filmmaking, encompassing a broad range of actors. Through four core chapters, the thesis describes the ambiguities of ASM, creating hope and opportunity, but also precarity and degradation. It shows how competing visions and power asymmetries reinforce inequality, while also invoking resistance and alternative visions of globalisation.
85

L'internationalisation des chaînes de valeur dans l'industrie de défense : le cas du naval / Value chains internationalization in the defense industry : focus on the naval industry

Hérault, Paul 13 February 2018 (has links)
L’internationalisation des chaînes de valeur fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches macroéconomiques ou ciblées sur des secteurs majoritairement civils. En se concentrant sur l’industrie de défense, cette thèse évalue comment ce processus de fragmentation fonctionnelle et géographique peut s’appliquer à un secteur hautement régulé par les Etats et dont les échanges internationaux sont très strictement encadrés.Cette recherche apporte plusieurs estimations du niveau d’internationalisation de l’industrie navale de défense française, à partir de données originales de Naval Group. Si les programmes relatifs à la dissuasion nucléaire sont très peu internationalisés, de nombreux facteurs concourent à l’internationalisation de la filière : exigences de contenu local et transferts de technologie des clients étrangers, intégration de technologies civiles ou duales, stratégies d’internationalisation. Enfin, le recours au concept de modularité permet de montrer que l’évolution du processus productif s’accompagne souvent d’une évolution de l’architecture des produits. / Many research works have already been dedicated to the internationalization of value chains. Whereas this research is often performed through macroeconomics or focused on civilian sectors, this thesis examines how the process of functional and geographic unbundling can apply to such a regulated sector as the defense industry, where exports are strictly controlled by states.Based on original data provided by Naval Group, this dissertation set out several estimates of the internationalization level of French navy programs. Although programs related to nuclear deterrence remain almost exclusively « made in France », many factors contribute to the internationalization of value chains in the naval industry: transfer of technology, local content requirements, integration of commercial or dual-use technologies, internationalization corporate strategies. Referring to the concept of modularity, this thesis reveals that changes in production process can foster innovation in product architecture.
86

Leveraging green hydrogen to decarbonise the aviation industry : A case study on electrofuels in Sweden / Användning av grön vätgas för att dekarbonisera flygindustrin : En fallstudie om elektrobränslen i Sverige

Bergene, Jakob, Bruchhausen, Jonathan January 2023 (has links)
For the EU to reach its 2050 climate targets the aviation industry that is highly dependent on fossil fuels needs to drastically reduce its emissions. In the decarbonisation of the aviation industry drop-in sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) have been identified as a promising solution to abate the industry’s emissions. To increase the adoption of SAFs, The EU has announced a proposal called ReFuelEU Aviation, introducing obligated blend mandates for SAFs that airlines and fuel suppliers need to comply with, starting at 2% in 2025 going up to 70% by 2050. A subset of SAFs called electrofuels, made from green hydrogen and carbon dioxide, could become essential in the sustainability transition with an emission abatement potential of up to 95% compared to fossil jet fuel. However, there exist no large scale production of electrofuels and previous research suggests that they will be several times more expensive to produce than their fossil counterparts, highlighting that the production and adoption will be challenging. In this thesis we first study how and under which conditions electrofuel value chains can develop in Sweden and second to which extend locally-produced electrofuels may be economically feasible. The former was studied qualitatively and the latter quantitatively, which together identified challenges and opportunities for electrofuels to decarbonise the aviation industry. The qualitative analysis was researched by conducting semi-structured interviews with industry actors, researching the current policy landscape and analysing the findings from a theoretical lens of ‘complementarity formation mechanisms in technology value chains’. The quantitative analysis was researched by a techno-economic assessment of e-kerosene production in Sweden using an alkaline electrolyser, different carbon capture technologies and a Fischer Tropsch fuel synthesis. In the qualitative analysis we found, in contrast to previous research, that the incremental cost associated with adoption of electrofuels is not necessarily the greatest concern. Instead, the value chain development of electrofuels is dependent on synchronised development of the input sectors renewable energy, hydrogen production and carbon capture technologies. Industry actors may not invest in large scale electrofuel production until they have secured a supply for renewable energy. There is also a liability of limited scalability in these, affected by slow permit processes and construction of new renewable energy, risking that electrofuels are not produced sustainably and at a high cost. We also found that producing bio-electrofuels, utilising lignocellulosic biomass from e.g., forest residue, can become important for Swedish fuel production. In the quantitative analysis the results show a levelised cost of e-kerosene of 3.8-6.1 times higher than the fossil jet fuel price of April 2023, sensitive to changes in energy price and capital expenditures of electrolysers for hydrogen production. We also found that the source of carbon capture affects the price, where direct air capture (DAC) increased total costs by 32% and 25% compared to bioethanol and pulp and paper, respectively. The levelised cost yield emission abatement costs between 457-1,042 €/tonne CO2e, depending on energy scenario and emissions abatement potential. In conclusion, we have found that the production of electrofuels for aviation is contingent on low energy prices, point-source carbon capture and economies of scale in hydrogen production. This highlights that renewable energy in combination with technological developments in hydrogen and carbon production is essential to establish a sustainable value chain. This can become challenging as other industries, such as green steel, will require similar inputs for production, emphasising that the location of electrofuel plants highly impacts the business case and possibility to produce relatively sustainable and cost competitive products. / För att EU ska nå sina klimatmål för 2050 behöver flygindustrin, som är beroende av fossila bränslen, drastiskt minska sina utsläpp. I dekarboniseringen av flygindustrin har hållbara flygbränslen (SAF) identifierats som en potentiell lösning för att minska utsläppen i industrin. EU har tagit fram förslaget ReFuelEU Aviation som inför obligatoriska inblandningskrav av SAF för flygbolag och bränsleleverantörer, med start 2025 på 2% och en ökning till 70% fram till år 2050. En subkategori av SAF kallade elektrobränslen, som tillverkas av grön vätgas och koldioxid, kan bli avgörande i hållbarhetsomställningen med en potential att reducera utsläpp med upp till 95% jämfört med fossilt flygbränsle. Samtidigt finns det idag ingen storskalig produktion av elektrobränslen och forskare och branschexperter tror att produktionskostnaderna kommer att vara flera gånger dyrare än den fossila motsvarigheten, vilket antyder att produktionen av elektrobränslen kommer medföra utmaningar. I denna uppsats studerar vi först hur och under vilka förutsättningar elektrobränsle-värdekedjor kan utvecklas i Sverige, och sedan under vilka förutsättningar produktion av elektrobränslen kan vara ekonomiskt konkurrenskraftigt. Den första frågeställningen studerades kvalitativt och den andra kvantitativt, vilka tillsammans identifierade utmaningar och möjligheter för produktion och användning av elektrobränslen för att dekarbonisera flygindustrin. Den kvalitativa analysen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer inom branschen och forskning kring det nuvarande policylandskapet. Dessa resultat analyserades sedan utifrån en teoretisk lins av ’komplementära formationsmekanismer i teknologiska värdekedjor’. Den kvantitativa delen analyserades genom en tekno-ekonomisk analys av e-fotogenproduktion i Sverige genom en alkalisk elektrolysör, olika tekniker för koldioxidavskiljning och bränslesyntes via Fischer-Tropsch. I den kvalitativa analysen fann vi, i motsats till tidigare forskning, att de inkrementella kostnaderna för införandet av elektrobränslen inte nödvändigtvis är det största hindret. I stället är utvecklingen av elektrobränsle-värdekedjor beroende av en synkroniserad utveckling av förnybar energi, vätgasproduktion och koldioxidavskiljningstekniker då industriella aktörer kan vara motvilliga att investera i storskalig elektrobränsleproduktion innan de har en säkrat tillgång av förnybar energi. Det finns också en risk för begränsad skalbarhet på grund av långsamma tillståndsprocesser för konstruktion av ny förnybar energi, vilket kan leda till att elektrobränslen inte produceras hållbart och till höga kostnader. Vi fann också att produktion av bio-elektrobränslen, genom att använda lignocellulistisk biomassa från exempelvis skogsrester, kan bli viktigt för den svenska bränsleproduktionen. I den kvantitativa analysen visade resultaten att kostnaden för e-fotogen är 3.8-6.1 gånger högre än den fossila motsvarigheten och att priset var känsligt mot förändringar i energipris och investeringskostnader för elektrolysören för vätgasproduktion. Vi fann också att källan till koldioxidavskiljning påverkar priset, där direktluftsavskiljning (DAC) ökade de totala kostnaderna med 32% respektive 25% jämfört med bioetanol och pappersmassa. Produktionskostnaderna för elektrobränslen indikerarar en utsläppsminskningskostnad mellan 457-1,042 €/ton CO2e, beroende på energiscenario och utsläppsminskningspotential. Slutsatsen är att produktionen av elektrobränslen för flygindustrin är beroende av låga energipriser, källa för koldioxidavskiljning och stordriftsfördelar för vätgasproduktion. Detta påvisar att förnybar energi i kombination med teknologisk utveckling inom vätgas- och koldioxidproduktion är avgörande för att etablera en välfungerande värdekedja. Detta kan bli utmanande då andra industrier, som produktionen av grönt stål, kommer att kräva liknande insatsvaror för produktion och betonar därmed vikten av den geografiska placeringen av elektrobränslefabriker för att ha möjligheten att producera hållbara och kostnadseffektiva bränslen.
87

Development of a method to forecast future systems in the forest engineering value chain

Brink, Michal 12 1900 (has links)
Dissertation (PhD (For))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to develop a new method which can be used to forecast the Forest Engineering value chain. The method is then applied in the South African context in order to validate the use thereof. Finally, the South African results are used to propose strategies, which the industry should pursue in the future. To forecast the future an understanding of the past is required. To this end, the historical development of Forest Engineering is discussed, both globally and in South Africa. The current status quo in Forest Engineering in South Africa was determined through a national survey of plantations larger than 200 ha. The results are reflected in Chapter 2. Because of the importance of globalisation and technology, Chapter 3 gives a literature review of relevance of technology in today's business world, including various forecasting techniques that are relevant to the study. These techniques are a combination of traditional forecasting methods, technology forecasting methods and strategic planning methods. Various approaches to financial analysis have also been discussed, in order to determine the soundest method of comparing various forest engineering systems with each other. This includes an overview of traditional machine cost calculations. The core of the study lies in the combination of these methodologies into a useful method, which is particularly suited to forecasting the Forest Engineering value chain. Such a method is developed in Chapter 4, based on the literature review of forecasting methodologies. The method is then validated in Chapter 5, through the application thereof in the South African forestry industry. Global trends are established with the use of a Delphi study. This technique uses a panel of experts who give their views on future developments on a multiple round basis. The study then evaluates 14 Forest Engineering systems for pine sawtimber, pine pulpwood and Eucalyptus pulpwood, based on various scenarios of the future. The scenario matrix is based on the future cost of labour vs. the future cost of machinery. Finally, a strategy is proposed on how the South African forestry industry should prepare itself for the future. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van die studie is om 'n nuwe metode te ontwikkel waarmee 'n vooruitskatting van die Bosingenieurswese waardeketting gemaak kan word. Die metode word dan in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks toegepas om die geldigheid daarvan te beproef. Die Suid-Afrikaanse resultate word voorts gebruik om 'n nasionale Bosingenieurswese strategie voor te stel vir die bedryf. Dit is nodig om die verlede te verstaan, voor die toekoms vooruitgeskat kan word. Om dié rede is die historiese ontwikkeling van bosingenieurswese bespreek, in beide 'n internasionale, sowel as 'n Suid Afrikaanse konteks. Die huidige status quo van Bosingenieurswese in Suid Afrika is vasgestel deur 'n nasionale opname waarby plantasies van groter as 200 ha ingesluit is. Die resultate van die opname word weergegee in Hoofstuk 2. As gevolg van die belangrikheid van beide globalisering en tegnologie, is 'n literatuur studie ingesluit in Hoofstuk 3 oor die relevansie van tegnologie in die besigheidswêreld van vandag, asook en 'n bespreking van verskeie vooruitskattingstegnieke wat in die studie gebruik kan word. Hierdie vooruitskattinge is 'n kombinasie van tradisionele vooruitskattings tegnieke, tegnologie vooruitskattingstegnieke en tegnieke wat gebruik word vir strategiese beplanning. Verskeie benaderinge tot finansiële analise is ook bespreek. Dit sluit tradisionele masjienkoste berekening in. Die rede hiervoor is om vas te stel watter metode die mees geskikte sou wees om verskeie Bosingenieurswese sisteme met mekaar te vergelyk. Die kern van die studie lê in die kombinasie van hierdie metodes om 'n bruikbare metode te ontwerp om die Bosingenieurswese waardeketting vooruit te skat. Hierdie ontwerp word in Hoofstuk 4 bespreek. Die metode word in Hoofstuk 5 beproef, deur die toepassing daarvan op die Suid Afrikaanse bosbedryf. Internasionale bosingenieurswese tendense is vasgestel deur middel van 'n Delphi studie. Hierdie vooruitskatting maak gebruik van 'n paneel van kundiges wat hulle siening oor die toekoms uitspreek deur verskeie rondtes van vrae wat aan hulle gestel word. Die studie evalueer hierna 14 Bosingenieurswese sisteme vir denne saaghout, denne pulphout en Eucalyptus pulphout, gebaseer op 'n scenario-analise van die toekoms. Die scenario matriks is gefundeer op die toekomstige koste van arbeid teenoor die toekomstige koste van masjinerie. As 'n finale stap word voorgestel hoe die Suid Afrikaanse bosbedryf kan voorberei om die toekoms tegemoet te gaan.
88

新創貿易商之策略分析--- 以衛浴貿易商為例 / The Analysis of A New Trading Company's Strategy

林祚長, Lin Tso-chang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究是以 司徒達賢教授「產業價值鏈」、「策略形態分析法」及「網絡定位分析法」做為分析架構,試圖分析一家新創貿易商的事業策略及網絡定位,並探討其策略成功之環境前提與條件前提。 個案選擇雖是一家特定公司在特定市場的成功案例,並不足以作一般化的推論,但仍可供參考。主要之初步結論如下: 1. 貿易商創立極為不易,但若能找到自己所擅長的市場和產品,藉著本身既有快速、彈性、機動的條件,針對某些價值活動和特定的目標市場作深入的掌握和聚焦,必能獲得成功。 2. 貿易商可以藉由交易對象的選擇與組合,以創造有利的網絡 定位。上、下游交易對象的家數多、規模小、向前或向後整合的 能力或意願低,則貿易商較能確保其有利的生存空間。 關鍵詞:策略管理 貿易商 衛浴產業 策略形態 產業價值鏈
89

Essai sur l’intensification des relations économiques entre la Chine et l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes. Internationalisation des firmes chinoises, déterminants et modalités de leurs investissements directs au Mexique / Essay on the growing economic relationship between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Globalization of Chinese companies, motives and modes of their outward foreign direct investments in Mexico

Muffat-Jeandet, Morgan 12 February 2019 (has links)
La présence chinoise en Amérique latine et Caraïbes (ALC), tout comme dans d’autres régions du monde, a fortement augmenté depuis une quinzaine d’années. Au-delà des motifs traditionnels de cette expansion au niveau économique (la recherche de ressources et de nouveaux marchés), la Chine représente un partenaire particulier pour les pays latino-américains en raison des frontières floues entre les formes de propriété publique et privée, et des objectifs stricts de son gouvernement en matière de politique industrielle et de développement sur le long terme. En outre, des disparités régionales sont apparues entre l’Amérique du Sud, longtemps favorisée par l’augmentation de la demande chinoise en matières premières, et le Mexique, qui s’est rapidement retrouvé en situation de concurrence ouverte avec la Chine sur différents segments de son secteur secondaire, et dont la dynamique d’intégration en Amérique du Nord fut profondément impactée par l’arrivée des entreprises chinoises sur le marché des États-Unis. En combinant une analyse approfondie des bases de données disponibles sur les investissements directs à l’étranger (IDE) de la Chine en ALC et trois études de cas originales d’entreprises chinoises installées dans le domaine manufacturier au Mexique, cette thèse montre que ces opérations présentent des modalités inédites notamment en termes de rythme d’expansion et de capacités d’adaptation aux environnements locaux. Cependant, les externalités positives ou négatives des IDE chinois demeurent tributaires des interactions entre le contexte institutionnel du pays d’accueil et les stratégies des entreprises. / Chinese footprint in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), as in other parts of the globe, has surged in the last fifteen years. Beyond the traditional drivers of this expansion from an economic perspective (securing resources and new markets), China represents a special partner for Latin-American countries because of grey lines delimiting public and private ownership, strict industrial policy and long-term development goals. Besides, regional discrepancies have appeared between South America, which benefited from the boom of Chinese demand for raw materials, and Mexico, which found itself in direct competition with China on different segments of his secondary sector, and whose integration dynamic in North America was deeply impacted by the growing shares of Chinese companies in the US market. Combining an extensive analysis of existing databases about foreign direct investments (FDI) from China in LAC and three original case studies of Chinese companies located in the manufacturing industry in Mexico, this dissertation shows unique features in these operations such as an accelerated growth path and relative adaptive skills to foreign environments. Nevertheless, the positive or negative externalities of Chinese FDI remain dependent upon the interactions between the institutional context of the host country and the companies’ strategies.
90

The integration of micro-enterprises into local value chains

Tschinkel, Beatrice 04 1900 (has links) (PDF)
The objective of the study is to identify how micro-enterprises can be integrated into local value chains by using the so-called "value chain approach". The "value chain approach" has become a relatively popular approach among donor agencies and NGOs engaged in Private Sector Development in recent years, being based on insights from studies on global value chains. The study includes investigation into the following points: 1) Which business linkages exist among micro-enterprises and with enterprises of different sizes and sectors, and how are they related to the upgrading process of micro-enterprises? 2) What influence does the legal status of micro-enterprises have on the development of business linkages and on the upgrading process? 3) How can the development of business linkages and the upgrading process (and, therefore, the integration into value chains) be supported and enhanced within the framework of PSD? The empirical study was conducted in Uganda. It includes a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches: (1) a questionnaire-based survey among micro-entrepreneurs, and (2) expert or key informant interviews, using a semi-structured interview guideline. The study provides an assessment of the relevance and applicability of the "value chain approach" to micro-enterprises and local value chains in the context of a developing country characterised by low levels of industrialisation, as well as policy recommendations for practitioners (from public and private sectors, as well as donor community, NGOs and civil society). Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the issue of informality of micro- and small-scale enterprises. (author's abstract)

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