本論文旨在探討台商企業面對中國大陸這幾年來的投資環境變化所採取之創新應變策略之研究。本研究聚焦在台商聚集最密集、且近年來大陸投資環境變化最劇烈的東莞地區，探討過去以彈性、創新與問題解決為特性的台商企業，在快速變遷與競爭的大陸與全球市場，所面臨的困難以及他們的創新之道，藉由掌握台商後續在中國大陸市場發展的重要參考。 本研究結果顯示，中國大陸外資政策的巨大轉變，讓當地的台商企業產生營運成本提高、出口退稅減少的問題。對外又受到全球原物料上漲與金融海嘯的衝擊，影響其營運成本和外銷訂單衰退。 儘管多數受訪企業都受到外在投資環境改變的影響，但本研究也顯示，成功的企業早在投資環境開始大幅改變之前，就以前瞻的思維做好創新的準備，並採取「提高價值(Value up)」的路線，而非一味的講求「降低成本(Cost down)」。因此開始在產品上更加強化研發實力，在內部管理上更加強調人員培訓，在市場開發上則更加注重中國內需市場，以發展自有品牌或代理國際代工客戶的品牌，走出外銷不振的衝擊。 最後，本研究也建議，企業在發展創新策略時應該注意保持對自身核心競爭力與外在市場的敏銳了解，才能成功創新，讓企業永續經營。 / The objective of the thesis is to discuss the innovation strategies that Taiwanese enterprises take to overcome the dramatic changes of Chinese investment environment. The study mainly focus on Taiwanese enterprises in the DungKuan City, the area that most Taiwanese enterprises locate in and has been through the most dramatic investment environment changes in recent years. Also, the study aims to discuss what kind of problems these Taiwanese enterprises, who are known for being flexible, innovate, quick problem-solving encountered and how do they solve the problems by innovative ways. These results can become important reference for Taiwanese to develop further in Chinese. The result shows that the changes of Chinese policies for foreign enterprises increase the Taiwanese enterprises’ operating costs and decrease their export tax benefits. At the same time, the soaring raw material price and global financial crisis also infect the Taiwanese enterprises’ operating costs and lose of export orders. Although most of the Taiwanese enterprises suffered from the impact of external investment environment challenges, the study also indicates that successful enterprises have made well preparation before the environment challenges happen. Also, they mainly focus on “value up” strategies, not just to “cost down”. Therefore, they emphasize more on research and develop abilities, or human power training, or make efforts on developing Chinese market by different branding strategies. At last, the study also provide suggestion to these Taiwanese enterprises and points out that enterprises should oversee their competitive advantages and cultivate strong market sense when they develop their innovation strategies. In this way, the Taiwanese enterprises can survive from the investment environment changes and have a better future.

1949年6月，中華民國政府宣佈，將「關閉」所有在中共控制之下的中國領水以及海港，並以海空武力禁制各國船隻進出。之所以使用「關閉」一詞來描述此種近乎海上封鎖的行為，是為了避免引發關於交戰權利以及其他國際法理的爭議，並藉以強調，「關閉本國港口」乃是行使主權。然而，大多數主要國家，基於對華貿易以及航運的利益起見，都不接受此種說法，並視之為一種不合法理的手段。在關閉政策實施後，國軍為了執行關閉任務，不斷與外籍船舶、軍艦在中國沿海爆發衝突，效忠於中華民國的反共游擊部隊也對沿海航運進行襲擾，對大陸東南的海運活動造成了相當的影響。 關閉政策的初衷，是避免中共藉由發展外貿，進而與各國建立實質關係；中華民國政府遷台之後，阻絕中共對外接觸已不可行，關閉政策則成為台海防務的手段之一；1950年6月，韓戰爆發，美國雖實行「台海中立化」政策，要求關閉政策暫停執行，但是隨著東亞戰局的轉變，美國軍方及情治單位放任甚至指使中華民國武裝部隊破壞大陸沿海航運，作為牽制中共軍力的利器。1953年初「解除中立」後，中華民國政府不僅恢復「關閉」，更配合美國要求，在公海上多次截捕東歐及蘇聯船舶，包括轟動一時的蘇聯油輪陶普斯號(Tuapse)截捕案。 本文利用新近開放的中華民國外交部與國防部檔案，以及英美等國已出版的官方文件，探討1949至1960年間，關閉政策的始末及其設計與實施的情形，並試圖利用前述新開放史料釐清、補充若干細節，如1951年「聯合國禁運決議」與關閉政策的關係、台海中立時期國軍干涉外輪活動的轉折，以及中美雙方聯手以關閉政策為名截捕外輪的行動等。此外，國軍在執行關閉時，最常對抗的竟是理論上同屬反共、民主國家陣營的英國、巴拿馬等歐美國家船艦，本文也力求呈現並解釋此種現象，為冷戰時期的對峙提供另外一種不同的面貌與註腳。

台灣、香港均和中國大陸有同文同種、密不可分的關係。1978年中國大陸改革開放後，台港商陸續前往投資，近年來在全球化的浪潮下，人數持續增加。 本研究的問題意識在於：中國大陸的台港商與大陸當地接觸時間長，互動頻繁，其是否有可能降低對大陸的偏見？是否可能導致台、港商身分認同的轉變？ 本研究在2008年針對東莞地區的台、港商進行田野調查的結果，發現「投資地的社會文化」對台港商造成不同的影響。若投資者與投資地擁有相同的語言和文化，會使得「交截分類狀態」產生作用，進而產生「歸屬感」，導致投資者逐漸認同當地的現象。因此，由於港商與廣東東莞地區的語言文化相近，使得港商對大陸的偏見逐漸降低，身分認同也開始轉變；而台商則與大陸人之間存在明顯隔閡，致使台商無法融入當地人的社交網絡，仍舊維持著「台灣人」的身分認同。 / Taiwan and Hong Kong have close kinship with China. After Chinese reform and opening in 1978, Taiwanese and Hongkongese investors have invested in China and their numbers increased due to the globalization. The main concerns of this dissertation are as following: Would it be possible for Taiwanese and Hongkongese investors in China to reduce their prejudice toward Chinese and to change their identities because of their interaction with society in China? Through the field study in Dongguan in 2008. After interviewing Taiwanese investors and Hongkongese investors in Dongguan. This thesis indicates that “the culture of invested place” would cause different effects to Taiwanese and Hongkongese investors. The same language and culture create the “cross-categorization” and the sense of belongingness toward local community. Therefore, due to the close language and culture with Hong Kong and Dongguan, the Hongkongese investors reduce their prejudice to China. The phenomenon causes the identities of Hongkongese investors begin to change. Thus, it is difficult for them to integrate into local community. For that reason, they maintain their “Taiwanese identity” still.

本文主要探討的是韓國自90年代以來，公廣在特定的歷史結構下，當進入數位化後，政府在政策邏輯和KBS實際因應策略的發展歷程。從韓國公共廣電發展的歷史經驗來看，KBS從80年代便建立起垂直壟斷的廣電結構。此結構的形塑過程，涉及了各利益團體在不同權力多寡的互動；包括國家這個唯一大股東、政策制定者、美國政府與新興科技產業的涉入、韓國電器大廠、廣電經營業者和內部工會成員。這些參與者歷經衝突、談判、協調，而達成最終的妥協，也就是KBS在各個發展層面的優勢地位。即便進入數位化時代，革命性的科技變革，導致各國公廣皆面臨自身存在正當性的搖搖欲墜；身為廣電大國的英國，甚至採取市場結構重整的作法，以因應數位化挑戰。然而，韓國的公共廣電，卻仍在韓國歷史時空背景所形塑出的同一個特定結構中，進行角色轉換；而轉換新角色所需的工具，則是偶然歷史機遇下所產出的DMB─數位多媒體廣播服務。 因此，推動T-DMB，並不是KBS自行決定的數位化發展途徑，T-DMB亦非KBS維繫正當性地位的必要策略，而是能使KBS突破原有科技困境的「數位行動接收」這項技術。但此科技困境，卻也是整個歷史結構的發展結果，使公廣與政府之間的主從關係失去變動的可能性，而導致後來出現特定的數位化困境、以及隨之而生的特定因應模式。

自1980年代末期以來，政府宣佈開放大陸探親，並逐步解除外匯管制等相關限制，兩岸之「經貿互動」於焉展開。台商到中國大陸投資二十餘年，由克服地域障礙、轉移企業資源，進而遂行經營管理的當地化，其融合速度快得驚人。現今，隨著08年「520」馬政府的上任，兩會協商、包機直航、兩岸開放大三通、陸客來台觀光…，「常居對岸」或「兩岸流動」的人數，亦隨之持續攀升，兩岸之間的互動更加日益密切。大陸台商面對因文化與生活習慣的差距所產生的生活適應問題，也成為台商赴大陸投資管理或台商個人生涯規劃上的重大考驗。過往，針對此主題之經驗研究如鳳毛麟角。因此，本研究聚焦於大陸台商生活層面當地化的情形，以及生活適應之現況，務其爬梳出具學術價值之研究論述。 本研究採取深度訪談的方式，以大陸台資企業負責人或高階幹部為訪談對象，對其生活適應及當地化的情況進行研究。雖然台商當地化的進展速度很快，但在其「安居落戶」方面，未來似乎仍充滿了變化，此乃今日極敏感、極富爭議的議題，值得台灣官方與學界高度關切。冀望透過本研究，使吾人對於「大陸台商生活層面當地化」問題，得到較完整、確切的廓清。 / The economy and trade between Taiwan and China has been continuously expanding since Taiwan Government allowed people on the island to visit their family relatives in China and gradually relieved some restrictions on Foreign Exchange Control Regulations in 1980s. It has been over 20 years since the first wave of Taiwan business people overwhelmingly entered China and started their own business. Demonstrated by their way of how to overcome any geographic barriers, how to successfully transfer desired business resources and how to localize and globalize their business, the acceleration speed of emerging in China for Taiwan business people these years has been so amazing. After President Ma’s taking office on May 20, 2008, never in the past six decades have relations between Taiwan and China been as good as they are today. Furthermore, with the help from affair negotiations between Strait Exchange Foundation (SEF) and Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits (ARATS), cross-straits direct charter flight(s), direct transportation across the Taiwan Strait and the increasing number of China tourists in Taiwan, the population of Taiwan business people nowadays in China (either they are permanent residents in China or frequent flyers between Taiwan and China) has been growing drastically. Due to the cultural difference in business and life style between Taiwan and China, it has also become a great challenge for most Taiwan business people to figure out how to live, work or do business in China. In the past, the research or study for “The localization of Taiwan business people’s life in China” has been very rare in Taiwan. My research and study here will primarily focus on the localization and adaptation analysis for Taiwan business people’s life in China. This research analysis provides a thorough overview of in-depth interviewing of Taiwan business owners or upper management executives for their localization process in China. Also, a list of further readings that provide you with more detailed information on conducting interviews is included in this paper. Despite the fast pace of the localization process of today’s Taiwan business people in China, it is believed that the ever-changing challenges of how to live and settle in China for them are still increasing. Some sensitive and controversial issues addressed in this paper will be definitely worth the close attention of government officials and academic scholars in Taiwan. Hopefully, this research paper will also provide us a complete understanding of how to help sweep away some barriers to the localization of Taiwan business people’s life in China.

台北市房地產延續前幾年全球景氣，加上海峽兩岸前所未有的和諧狀態，2008年上半年房市仍持續樂觀且交易熱絡，房地價大漲直到下半年全球金融風暴來襲而急轉直下。而金融風暴的起因恰好就是美國經營房地產次級貸款公司倒閉所引發的連鎖效應。金融風暴襲捲全世界經濟，以出口為導向的台灣首當其衝，台北市房地產景氣也隨之急速降溫，但雖經濟環境造成需求萎縮，台北市土地價格卻未受影響反而屢創新高，加上政府救經濟的財政與貨幣政策，使得台北市預售屋房價並未明顯下跌，2009年甚至因兩岸交流頻仍、中資來台等議題發燒，精華區房地產市場一掃2008下半年陰霾而帶頭上揚。但在消費需求面卻因實質薪資所得並未提升，使得實際自用住宅市場追價力道薄弱，房地產泡沫危機隱約呈現。 因台灣房地產市場存在如此詭譎的內外在環境，供給與需求、作多與看空的勢力拉扯，本篇論文研究從外部環境觀察鄰近各國總體經濟與房地產景氣連動關係的歷史軌跡，進而探究近年與未來台北市房地產業景氣發展趨勢，瞭解建商面對外在經濟環境變動下所存在之機會與威脅，來發現適合小型建商生存之利基市場所在。而內部環境則以房地產預售市場之賣方與買者交易關係探討，分別從廠商供給面與消費者需求面之成本觀點進行研究，尋找小型建商本身擁有的優劣勢所因應之預售屋消費者注重的各項成本屬性，藉由4C策略行銷分析降低消費者各項購屋成本，最後提出策略建議，提升小型建商之核心競爭力。 / The real estate market in Taipei was booming during the first half of 2008, during which time the economy was good and tensions between Taiwan and China began to ease. Housing prices had been rising until they were hit by the global financial crisis in late 2008. The storm of economic downturn, resulted mainly from the chain reaction caused by the collapse of US financial institutions, had swept through the world. Taiwan was deeply affected due to its export-oriented economy. As a result, the once prosperous real estate market had slowed down because of the decrease in demand. However, in 2009, not only had the prices of lands in Taipei not fallen, the presale home prices in the wealthiest districts began to rise again, due to the government’s stimulus financial policy that heavily relied on its friendlier stance with China and the belief that there would be a flow of cash coming from China. Nevertheless, the rise of housing prices could be a gigantic bubble since the median household income has not gained and demand for new homes have not increased. Under the unusual and unpredictable economic circumstances, this thesis focuses on the research and analysis from the viewpoints of maximizing the competitive edges, profits and surviving advantages of small builders in the current housing market in Taipei. Historic macroeconomic trends in real estate in Taiwan and nearby countries were analyzed. Supply and demand in the presale housing market in Taipei were examined, with an emphasis on not only the cost analysis between small builders and buyers, but also the advantages and disadvantages faced by both sides. 4C strategic marketing analysis was carried out to minimize the buying cost from the consumer’s viewpoint; at the same time, tactical marketing recommendations to success are provided to small builders to meet the present challenges.

本研究運用台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（Taiwan Education Panel survey）之2001年與2003年針對同一批國中生（N=16,530）蒐集的資料，檢證James Coleman代間封閉性網絡有助於學生學習成效之理論。對於Coleman的理論，過往實證的研究發現並不一致。台灣亦有研究顯示，在升學制度的壓力下，家長間網絡不見得出現效力。本研究旨在檢證兩種不同家長網絡形式在學校與個體層次對學生學習成效的影響，研究結果發現：（1）個人層次方面，僅校外家長連帶有益於學習成效，但社會經濟地位具有間接影響力；（2）學校層次方面，則僅代間封閉性網絡具影響力，封閉性越高越有益於學生學習成效，且其影響力與社會經濟地位無關。

中國大陸於一九九五年施行《勞動法》，卻因施行多年，部分內容無法因應環境變遷，而產生許多勞動糾紛。為求政權穩固與社會和諧，中共於二○○八年公布施行《中華人民共和國勞動合同法》（以下簡稱為《勞動合同法》），企圖以此法調整勞動關係，促使勞資雙方權利義務取得平衡，以維護社會和諧。 然《勞動合同法》自立法之初至公布施行，引發「傾斜保護勞動者」之疑義，不斷被各界所批評，尤其對台商企業而言，早期勞力成本低廉、招募容易的利基不再，現今勞動力的取得必須簽訂勞動合同，以兼顧勞動意識的抬頭與法令規章的保護，使台商在經營管理上備感壓力，甚至必須遷移他地或轉移他國。 儘管投資環境丕變，台灣企業與台籍人士仍持續前往中國大陸投資、設廠與工作，在此前提下必須了解《勞動合同法》對台商的影響與因應之道。 本研究透過台商企業人才招聘與任用之實務案例，藉由文獻資料分析法，對《勞動合同法》之立法、特色、重要條款與實務案例等進行初探。了解《勞動合同法》對台商企業管理之影響，除了經營成本提高之外，其促使台商企業必須重視勞動法令規章、勞資關係和諧、經營管理風險等問題，同時致力於建立健全的規章制度，招聘與任用安全、穩定的人力，此乃有利於提升企業的競爭力，維護企業生存與發展的因應之道。冀望後續在企業人力資源管理的應用層面進行深入探討，以作為台商企業、台籍幹部、政府部門及有志於中國大陸研究者之參考。 / The mainland China implemented the Labor Act in 1995. However, its partial content cannot cope with the environmental changes due to its implementation for too many years and generated a lot of labor disputes. In order to have a stable government power and social harmony, the CPC issued to implement the PRC Labor Contract Act in 2008 (hereinafter referred as the “Labor Contract Act”) for the purport to adjust the labor relationships by this Act for the balance promotion of rights and obligations between both parties of employees and employers in order to maintain social harmony. However, the Labor Contract Act induces the doubtful concern of inclined protection of labors since its legislation till its issued implementation. It continuously subjecting to the criticisms from all parties; especially for Taiwan enterprises, the niches of lower and cheaper labor costs and easy recruitments in the earlier phase are no longer appeared. Currently the acquirement of labor power should be signed with the labor contract for given considerations on the rising of labor conscious and protection of legal regulations and decrees, which make Taiwan enterprises to subject multiple stresses on their operations and managements and even make them need to move toward other place or transfer to other country. Although the sudden change of investment environment, Taiwan enterprise and Taiwan people still continuously go to mainland China for their investments, factory installations, and workings. Under this premise, it needs to realize the effects of Labor Contract Act on Taiwan enterprises and the coping ways for it. This study conducted the initial investigation on the legislation, feature, important provisions, and practical cases of the Labor Contract Act through the practical cases of personnel recruitments and employments by Taiwan enterprises via the literature data analysis method. It realized the effects of Labor Contract Act on the administrative managements of Taiwan enterprises. Besides the increases of operational costs, it pushes Taiwan enterprises to have their necessary emphasizing on those issues such as the labor provisional regulations and decrees, harmony of employees and employers, and the risks of operations and managements, etc. At the same time, they should strive on the establishments of robust provisional regulation systems, recruitments and employment safety, as well as stable human powers. These are the coping ways that will benefit the competition powers of enterprises as well as maintain the enterprise survivals and developments. We expect to conduct the in-depth subsequent investigation on the application layer of human resource managements in the enterprises in order to have a reference for the Taiwan enterprises, Taiwanese cadres, government divisions, and the researchers who have their interests on mainland China.

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1980年後工業時代，全球經濟轉向以服務和商業經濟為主，全球化影響在地經濟，傳統產業式微，迫使傳統城市面對空間重組之議題，並且回應市民的新需求。大稻埕曾是人文薈萃的寶地，更是台灣的的經濟中心，如今卻面臨相同的問題。此時，世界各地颳起文化創意產業的風潮，英國的成功經驗，讓文創產業成為各國眼中振興經濟的一帖良藥。台灣亦陸續出現相關政策，從社區總體營造到都市再生前進基地計劃，到後來出現民間單位世代群。世代群提出創業育成、街區營造、文化運動三大目標，用不同角度提供一個重塑都市形象的解答。 Landry用都市規劃的角度提出「創意平台」之概念，他認為創意平台串連散落城市各地的創意能量，帶領城市轉型。本研究以陳威如與徐卓軒提出的「平台機制設計方法」做為理論基礎，檢視世代群是否達到Landry提出的「創意城市七項要件」。本研究希望透過研究結果，回答下述三個研究問題：（1）世代群推動創意平台之平台機制如何運作？（2）世代群內部運作具備哪些創意街廓之要件？（3）世代群與大稻埕他者關係，如何促進大稻埕發展為創意街廓？ 本研究得到的初步結論：（1）世代群透過嚴格的身份認證機制，控管平台品質，再對被補貼方釋出優渥的補貼政策，吸引其進入平台後，建立其歸屬感增加黏著度。（2）多元的創意人才與中高度的授權組織文化，讓組織與地方保持創新活力。（3）對內於地方深耕經營，並與他者相互合作，孕育共同地方認同感；對外打造國際藝術節，建立內外部認同感。 / In the 1980s, known as post-industrial society, service industry and the commercial economy started to dominate the global economy. Globalization affected the local economy which leads to a decline of traditional industries, and the issue of space reorganization was raised in the traditional cities, and responded to the new demands of the residents. Dadaocheng used to be the cultural and economic center of Taiwan, but nowadays it stuck in the same transformation issue. In the same time, cultural and creative Industry was booming around the world, and the UK successful experience made the cultural and creative Industry become the solution to stimulating the economy in every country. Relevant policies were made in Taiwan as well, such as Integrated Community Development, Urban Regeneration Station, and Sedai Group－a private sector later appeared. Sedai Group proposed three objectives, including creativity cultivation, community development, and cultural movement to provide a solution to reshaping the image of a city from a different perspective. Landry proposed the concept of Creative Platform from the perspective of urban planning. He argued that the Creative Platform reorganized the creative energy scattered in the city and led the city transformation. This study takes the Platform Mechanism design method proposed by Chen and Yu as the theoretical basis, and check out did Sedai Group achieved the seven elements of Creative City which proposed by Landry. This study tries to answer the following three questions with the research findings: (1) How does the Platform Mechanism of Creative Platforms promoted by Sedai Group operate? (2) What are the internal operating elements Sedai Group possess to become a Creative Platform? (3) How does the relationships of Sedai Group with other sectors urge Dadaocheng to become a creative city? The preliminary conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) Sedai Group uses the strict identity authentication mechanism to control the quality of the platform, offers the preferential subsidy policy to attract the subsidy side to join the group, and establishes the sense of belonging to increase the user’s stickiness. (2) Multiple creative talents and the medium-to-high-altitude empowered organizational culture to allow the organization and the city sustain their creativity. (3) Richly cultivate the city and cooperate with other organizations to nurture local identity domestically, and organize international festivals to establish the internal and external identity.