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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

新竹縣國中學生家庭結構及家長社經地位對其性別角色影響之研究

黃增新, Hwang,Tzeng Shin- Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要以新竹縣國中學生為對象,探討「學生家庭結構及家長社經地位與其學生性別角色」之關係。其中包含國中學生性別角色類型分布與性別角色特質發展情形,及「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」之各變項與「學生性別角色」之相關性。更著墨於「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」對「學生性別角色」之影響,藉此提出親職教育及學校教育之建議,以供相關單位之參考。 本研究以問卷調查的方式,以「學生性別角色量表」為施測工具,採非比例分層隨機取樣的方法,抽取新竹縣十三所國民中學一至三年級學生,得有效問卷998份,其中男生525人,女生473人。以SPSS統計套裝軟體進行描述分析、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析及卡方分析等。其獲得的結果如下: 一、國中學生的性別角色特質部分 (一)從年級來看,正向之男性特質與正向之女性特質有隨著年級增加而增長的趨勢。 (二)1.在正向男性特質上 (1)學生性別與子女數在性別角色發展上,對男性特質確有影響存在。 (2)不同學生性別與子女排行對男性特質確有影響存在。 (3)家長屬高社經地位的男女生,其男性特質高於低社經地位者。 (4)不同學生家庭類型與家長社經地位對男性特質確實產生影響。 (5)因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (6)因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 2.在正向女性特質上 (1)因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (2)因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (三)在「性別」為重要因子的前提下,子女數、子女排行、家長的社經地位及家庭類型的交互作用下,均對性別角色特質產生決定性的影響。 二、國中學生性別角色類型部分 (一)國中學生性別角色類型分化情形,會因「年級」或「性別」或「家庭類型」或「子女數」或「家長社經地位」的不同而有差異。 (二)國中學生性別角色類型未因子女排行而有顯者著差異。 (三)對於國中學生性別角色類型影響較大者(主要因素)分別為性別、年級及家長社經地位,其次要因素為家庭類型與子女數 (四)在性別角色類型分化上,性別是分化的主因。隨著年級的增加,性別角色類型也產生較多的「兩性化」,「未分化」的比例在各年級間的差異不大。 (五)在性別角色類型分化上,男女生在國中階段依然存在著男女性別角色偏向。 本研究根據研究結果提出建議,以提供親職教育、學校教育及未來研究者之參考。 / The subjects of this study are the students from the junior high schools in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The study deals mainly with the mutual relationship among the structures of students’ family , the social and economic status of parents, and the sex-role of the students, including the current sex-role types and the development of sex-role characteristics. It also deals with the relationship between all the different factors in the structures of the students’ family and the social and economic status of their parents, and students’ sex role. The influence of the structure of the students’ family, the social and economic status of their parents and the sex-role of the students are much emphasized in this study. This study leads to the suggestions concerned parental guidance and school education, and provides referential information for educational administration. The data in this study are mainly based on questionnaires. And “student sex-role inventory” is used as measurement tool. A separate layer random collection sampling method has been used to draw out 998 valid surveys ( 525 males and 473 females) from the first to the third grade students at thirteen different junior high schools in Hsinchu County. After this a SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Science ) was used to run descriptive statistics-- one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-Square analysis. And the results are as following: A. Characteristics of junior high school student sex-roles I. As far as grade is concerned, positive male and female characteristics are much related with their age, that is, they become obvious as their age increases. II-1. Positive male characteristics: (1) The students’ sex and the number of siblings in the development of sex-role have much influence on male characteristics. (2) Different sexes of the students and seniority among siblings have much influence on male characteristics. (3) Students whose parents have high social and economic status have more male characteristics. (4) Different types of the students’ family and social and economic status of their parents have obvious effects on student’s male characteristics. (5) The different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics. (6) The seniority of the students in their family and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics . II-2 On the Positive Female Characteristics (1) The interaction between the different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents is quite obvious. (2) The interaction between seniority among siblings plays an influential role in students. III. As the premise of sex being the prime factors, sibling numbers, seniority of the children, social and economic status of parents and family types have strong influence on the quality of sex-role. B.Types of sex-role of Junior High School Students: I. The types of sex-role of junior high school students are decided by students’ sex , grade, family types, the number of siblings, and the social and economic status of their parents. II.The seniority among siblings do not much affect the sex-role of the students. III.The major factors that form the sex-role of the students are sex and grade of the students and social and economic status of their parents. The minor factors are family types and the number of siblings . IV. Sex is the main reason for the division of sex-role types. As the grade level of the students getting higher, sex-role types become androgynous. Undifferentiated ratio among different grades is not great. V.In respect to sex-role types, both males and females carry tendencies towards their respective sex-role types. The suggestions based on the study are raised here to be used for further study in school education and parental guidance.
72

國中生親子衝突及因應策略之相關研究

張怡華 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討國中生性別、排行、家庭結構、父母管教方式與親子衝突議題及親子衝突因應策略之關係。 本研究採取問卷調查法,以便利取樣的方式,選取台灣地區(不含離島)的國中學生共799人為研究對象,以「父母管教方式量表」、「親子衝突議題量表」、「親子衝突因應策略量表」為研究工具。所蒐集資料以描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、典型相關等方法進行統計分析。 本研究主要發現如下: 1.當前國中生親子衝突議題以課業、個性、父母行為最高。 2.當前國中生面對親子衝突時採取積極策略、忍耐策略的頻率高於消極策略。 3.國中男生與父親發生衝突的頻率顯著高於女生 4.男生為課業及偏差行為議題與母親發生衝突的頻率顯著高於女生,女生為社交議題與母親發生衝突的頻率顯著高於男生。 5.獨生子女為母親行為議題與母親發生衝突的頻率顯著高於排行中間的子女。 6.來自單親父親家庭的國中生與父親發生衝突的頻率顯著高於來自雙親家庭者。 7.父母管教方式不同,國中生親子衝突頻率有顯著差異:大致而言,父母採用「專制權威」管教方式者,衝突頻率高於「忽視冷漠」、「寬鬆放任」者。 8.國中男生在父子衝突中採用積極策略的頻率顯著高於女生。 9.來自單親母親家庭的國中生在母子衝突中採用積極策略的頻率顯著高於來自雙親家庭者。 10.父母管教方式不同,國中生親子衝突因應策略有顯著差異:父母採用「開明權威」、「寬鬆放任」管教方式者,使用積極策略較高;父親採用「開明權威」管教方式者,使用消極策略較低;父母採用「開明權威」、「專制權威」管教方式者,使用忍耐策略較高。 11.親子衝突頻率與消極策略間具有中度正相關。 12.國中生背景變項、父母管教方式、親子衝突議題與因應策略間具有顯著典型相關:大致而言,父母愈採用「開明權威」管教方式,國中生愈會採用積極策略因應。
73

臺灣外籍家庭看護工之現象與省思兼檢視長期照顧政策 / A study of foreign nursing labor in Taiwan and a critical review on long-term care policy

蔡幸嶧, Tsai, Hsing Yi Unknown Date (has links)
「長期照顧」係指對具有長期身體功能失常或有重大疾病者,提供一段持續性的協助。臺灣社會的整體人口結構已逐漸朝向高齡化,根據推估,臺灣目前65歲以上的老年人口約208萬人,約占總人口的9.2%,但是因為戰後嬰兒潮即將邁入老年,因此只要再過25年,我國老年人口所占的比率將超過20%。再以身心障礙者為例,2005年底領有身心障礙手冊者達93萬8千人,其中屬於重度與極重度障礙者占29萬人。相對於老人對長期照顧需求的逐漸增加,目前更有大量的身心障礙者需要長期照顧服務的介入協助。臺灣社會對於長期照顧服務的迫切需求不言可喻,因此國家若忽視這類的需求,所造成的不單是個人或個別家庭的困境,更將是整體的社會問題,因此國家身負無可回避的責任。 臺灣社會的長期照顧服務一直高度依賴外籍家庭看護工,為減緩此一情況,國家試圖以投入大量資源扶持機構式照顧服務,與逐步充實社區式與居家式照顧服務等方式改善,但是外籍家庭看護工在台人數卻是不減反增,顯見國家長期照顧政策並未獲得失能者家庭的認同。臺灣外籍家庭看護工現象,其實是一種相當複雜的社會建構過程,是「父權」的家庭文化、「私化」的國家政策與「家庭負擔能力」的鉗制,三者交互影響而建構出失能者由家庭照顧為主的處境。如此過程是值得深入去了解的。 本文以文獻回顧與整合研究法,作為主要的研究方法。本文研究後認為,臺灣現存的整體照顧資源,會與現有文化觀念交互影響,進而強化家庭對「家人照顧」與「照顧行為女性化」的偏好。當女性照顧者面臨愈來愈強的照顧負荷與危害時,終將在國家政策、經濟能力、傳統文化與父權主義的交互影響下選擇具替代性的照顧服務,即便對失能者及其家庭而言並非最佳選擇。很明顯的,臺灣選擇以「外籍家庭看護工」做為傳統長期照顧方式的主要替代照顧方案,即便國家大幅改革長期照顧政策(照顧服務福利及產業發展方案),情況依舊未獲得改善。因此,臺灣如要建構一套完整的長期照顧政策,就必須先理解失能者家庭在選擇照顧服務時,是同時面對「經濟能力」和「文化輿論」等照顧困境。因此,一般的女性照顧者應從「無償照顧者」的社會弱勢角色,轉變為長期照顧政策的思維中心與主導者之一;而外籍家庭看護工的角色與價值更應該被重新定位與肯定,更應尋求將其融入臺灣整體照顧政策的可能性。 / Long-term care service in Taiwan depends on foreign nursing labor for a long time. In order to improve this situation, The government has provided more resources for institutional care services, and community care services and home care services. but foreign nursing labor in Taiwan still increased slowly. It means disabled person’s family can’t relate to The Long-term care service in Taiwan. In fact, foreign nursing labor in Taiwan is a social construction, and was affected by Patriarchy, private policy and home capacity. Finally, disabled person still in their home. This situation need to research. This research is based on document analysis. According to the result of this research, the resource of caring and the traditional culture concept have influenced to each other and emphasized. When female caregivers face heavy pressure of family care, they would choose other caring Long-term care service in Taiwan has been dependant on foreign nursing labor for a long time. In order to improve this situation, The government has provided more resources for institutional care services, community care services and home care services as well. but foreign nursing labor in Taiwan still increased slowly. It means the disabled person’s family can’t relate to The Long-term care service in Taiwan. In fact, foreign nursing labor in Taiwan is a social construction, and is affected by patriarchy, private policy and home capacity. Finally, disabled person is still in their home. This situation need to research. This research is based on document analysis. According to the result of this research, the resource of caring and traditional culture concept have influenced each other. When female caregivers face heavy pressure of family care, they would choose other caring service, and even it’s not the best one. Obviously, Taiwan chose foreign nursing labor as an alternative route, although the Government have launched a new program of long-term caring (Caring Service welfare & Industry development program). If Taiwan plans to establish a sound caring policy, it must understand the patriarchy, private policy and home capacity. The female caretaker should change from the one who used to be unpaid family caretaker to become the center of the long-term care policy. In addition, we should improve the role and value of foreign nursing labor, and Long-term care service in Taiwan should take foreign nursing labor as its regular as well as essential component. Key Words:long-term care, Foreign Nursing Labor
74

家庭決策與家務分工:已婚男性與已婚女性的比較分析

陳怡吟, Chen, Yi Yin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究試圖通過實證研究來一探夫妻家庭生活中權力關係的樣貌,並試圖釐清究竟是哪些重要因素影響了這些權力的結果。在蒐集過去相關文獻後,我們認為夫妻的權力關係展現,可以重大家務決策和家務分工作為檢視的代表性指標。過去的相關研究也發現,個人所擁有的資源以及性別角色態度將會影響重大家務決策的權力運作;而在考量夫妻權力關係的另一個指標 - 家務分工時,因家務工作為耗費時間的活動,因此也必須將個人從事家務工作的時間可得性納入討論。此外,本研究也特別針對個人的性別角色態度做多樣化的討論,希望能對性別角色態度在夫妻權力關係中的作用有進一步的了解。 在夫妻權力關係中可以觀察到的現象是,夫妻間權力關係的平等由分享家中決策權力開始,妻子參與家中重要家務決策的機會愈來愈增加;然而在家務分工上,仍無法脫離傳統規範的束縛。本研究所得結果顯示,夫妻間的權力關係除了受到個人資源的影響之外,性別角色態度的影響也不容小覷。個人在婚姻關係中的權力除了來自個人資源作為交換之外,個人的態度也對其行為發揮影響力。社會傳統觀念對於性別角色的種種期待,雖透過社會化的機制內化至個人心中,然而隨著社會文化、經濟與家庭結構的變遷,使得原本規範丈夫與妻子權利義務的界線逐漸模糊,已婚男性與已婚女性的性別角色態度在面對實際家庭生活面向時,逐漸趨向彼此認同、諒解而愈來愈平等。但從家務分工的研究結果裡,似乎可以觀察到已婚男性的態度、意向在目前仍不平等的家務分工上有較決定性的影響。這樣的結果也顯示出,婚姻關係中男性仍是較有權力的一方。
75

家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度之相關性研究 / The relationship between home reading environment and attitudes toward reading in early childhood

林婉君 Unknown Date (has links)
閱讀是未來二十一世紀人才的關鍵能力之一,且閱讀態度是個體發展閱讀能力、展現智慧的動力。然而,我國卻又瀰漫一股過於強調閱讀能力,反而忽略閱讀態度的風氣。因而引發研究者關懷該項議題─父母如何從小開始在家中培養孩子一顆願意喜愛閱讀的心。 故,本研究目的為探討家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度兩者間之關係、以及不同背景變項下家庭閱讀環境和幼兒閱讀態度之差異情形。本研究以214對就讀台北市公立幼稚園大班幼兒及其父母作為研究對象,由研究者到校發放改編賴苑玲(2006)之家庭閱讀環境調查問卷,請園方代為轉交至父母填寫,並根據回收有效問卷後,採用Saracho(1988)發展的學前閱讀態度量表詢問幼兒他們對於閱讀活動的喜好程度。將父母與幼兒填寫完畢的資料進行統計軟體處理與分析。 研究結果顯示,社經地位愈高者,其家中的閱讀資源、家長閱讀行為等情形愈佳,但親子閱讀互動方面則無差異,且無論來自何種社經地位,幼兒的閱讀態度皆無差異。而女生在家中的親子閱讀互動較男生頻繁,但男女幼童的閱讀態度卻無差異。此外,家庭閱讀環境與幼兒閱讀態度也無顯著的相關性,其可能原因來自於家中親子閱讀互動不足、家長閱讀信念強調能力導向,或受幼兒個人內在因素等影響。因此,本研究建議低社經地位的家庭宜補強家庭閱讀資源、家長閱讀行為的部分,無論何種社經地位的家庭、幼兒的性別為何皆應同等重視親子閱讀互動。並且家長宜培養積極正向的閱讀態度,幫助孩子理解閱讀是種享受、樂趣,進而喜愛閱讀。最後,鼓勵父母親多關心幼兒在閱讀自我概念、閱讀行為、閱讀能力等方面的發展,以便培養幼兒更積極正向的閱讀態度。 / Recently, Reading is important to everyone, relating someone’s reading ability and so on. However, Taiwan thinks highly of reading ability and neglect the importance of reading attitudes.Therefore,researcher is interested in how to cultivate children’s reading attitudes by home reading environment.The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between home reading environment and Child’s attitudes for reading, regardless of socioeconomic status(SES) or the child’s gender.Subject, 214 students and their parents ,were given the Questionnaire of home reading environment and early reading attitudes scale. The results showed that the higher the socio-economic status, their home reading resources, and parents reading behavior are well, but there is no differences in parent-child reading interaction. And regardless of what socio-economic status, children's reading is no difference in attitude. Girls at home, parent-child interactive reading frequently than boys, but men and women with young children no difference between reading attitude. In addition, the home reading environment and child’s attitudes for reading doesn’t significant correlation, the possible reasons for the lack of parent-child interactive reading, parents emphasized the ability of faith-oriented reading, or by internal factors, such as children affected individuals. Therefore, this study suggests that low socio-economic status of the family wish to reinforce family reading resources, acts the part of parents to read, no matter what socio-economic status of families, children and sex should attach equal importance to both parent-child reading interaction. And parents wish to cultivate a positive attitude toward reading, help children understand that reading is an enjoyment, fun, and enjoy reading.
76

家庭結構對青少年子女學習成就之影響

王枝燦 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究為次級資料分析,運用「台灣長期教育追蹤資料庫」中接受四波次追蹤調查的樣本資料。本研究以家庭中父母是否曾發生離婚或分居事件,及其發生之時間點,作為區分不同組別的方式。將家庭結構組別區分為雙親家庭、高中時期成為單親家庭、國中階段成為單親家庭,以及國中之前成為單親家庭。在本研究中運用家庭系統、家庭內教育資源及家庭歷程等理論觀點,並在研究設計上,使用長期追蹤資料,並以固定效果模型及潛在成長模型進行研究分析。探究家庭結構的改變,對不同階段青少年子女之學習成就的影響。而所獲得相關分析結果亦驗證本研究之研究假設。 茲將本研究之重要發現摘要如下: 一、家庭結構的改變對子女學習具有負面影響。 二、當家庭結構發生改變之時點,如果是在子女幼年時期,會對子女學業能力後續發展會產生長期持續累積的負面影響,並與雙親家庭子女學習成就差距持續擴大。 三、子女在國中階段成為單親家庭對學習成就影響最大。 四、高中階段單親家庭組則存在當下近期效果之影響。 五、家庭結構亦會透過家庭資源、父母教育期望與家庭教育歷程,發揮間接影響青少年子女學習成就效果。 六、運用固定效果模型與傳統迴歸模型進行比較,固定效果模型所獲得之估計值較小,縮減了傳統迴歸模型之估計誤差。 綜合言之,本研究將時間概念納入家庭結構之動態分析,克服了過往研究所存在的內生性偏誤,並強化因果之說明,並補充過往理論觀點不足之處。 / The method to carry out this study was using secondary data, which included four waves with the same participants. The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of family structure the change were related to adolescent learning achievement. The secondary data is adapted from Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS). This study by family in parents whether once to have the divorce event and the event timing takes the discrimination different groups. Family structure groups divide into “the intact family”, “the senior high school stage becomes the single-parent family”, “the junior high school stage becomes the single-parent family” and “early life becomes the single-parent family”. The research viewpoint is from family system theory, family educational resources theory and family process theory proposed. Inquires into the family structure the change, how to influence children learning achievement in different life cycle? The research was longitudinal study design. The study used the fixed effect model and latent growth model to carry on the research analysis. Accordingly, the results support our proposed model and its connection with academic achievement of students. Author summarizes the findings as follows: 1. Family structure's change for the children has the negative influence in learning achievement. 2. When the family structure change time point was in children childhood time. IT has the negative accumulates influence. And the learning achievement disparity with the intact family children to expand continually. 3. The children become the single-parent family in junior high school stage to learning achievement influence to be biggest. 4. The high school stage single-parent family group will have immediately in the near event influence of the effect. 5. The family structure will also penetrate the family resources, the parental educational expectation and the family process , make indirect influence on adolescent’s the learning achievement. 6. The fixed effects model and the tradition regression model carries on the comparison. The fixed effect model obtains the estimated value to be small. The fixed effect model reduced of error of estimation the tradition regression model. To sum up, this research integrates the time concept with the family structure in the dynamic analysis. Explanation of the strengthened causes and effects, the outcome supplements the passing theory viewpoint deficiency.
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家庭暴力加害人處遇計畫之法規範與實施現況初探研究——以觀護人在網絡中可能扮演之角色及相關配套修法為中心 / Preliminary research on laws, regulations and implementation of domestic violence inflicter treatment programs, with focus on networking role of probation officer and relevant regulation required.

周瑋芸 Unknown Date (has links)
本文針對家庭暴力防治法中與加害人處遇相關之法規範,進行整理摘要,並透過質性研究的深入訪談法,探討觀護人在家暴防治網絡及加害人處遇網絡中,可能扮演的角色,以及如何讓防治網絡及處遇網絡更加緊密的修法意見。 本論文之架構分為六章,分別為:緒論、家庭暴力防治法所建構的網絡運作、家庭暴力犯罪理論與加害人處遇模式、從觀護人觀點看加害人處遇計畫及家暴加害人之觀護工作、觀護人在家庭暴力防治工作可能扮演之角色及加害人處遇計畫法規範修訂方向建議、結論與建議,各章節撰寫重點分述如下: 第一章為緒論。於此章先敘明本文研究動機與目的,研究方法與限制,並限定研究範圍及研究架構之方向。 第二章是從家庭暴力防治法的立法精神與內涵出發,進一步探討家庭暴力防治法所建構的防治網絡及處遇網絡,最後聚焦到加害人處遇計畫法源依據的介紹。 第三章為家庭暴力犯罪之理論解釋及處遇模式的介紹。由於有效的處遇模式必定是從犯罪原因理論衍伸而來,但犯罪行為的原因解式理論通常相當多元且百家爭鳴,因此,本章分別就家庭暴力的犯罪循環、社會生物學、心理學〈個人病理〉、社會心理層面〈人際互動〉、社會學、女性主義〈文化情境〉及系統生態觀點所發展出來的犯罪原因論加以介紹,賦與加害人處遇計畫發展之理論正當性。最後,再針對現有的處遇模式加以介紹。 第四章是從觀護人的觀點,透過對於質性研究訪談內容的分析整理,對於家暴加害人的觀護工作,以及觀護人目前在加害人處遇工作上所扮演的角色〈包括家暴專股運作情形、與防治網絡之結合情況〉進行描述與討論。 第五章是針對未來觀護人在家庭暴力防治工作上可能扮演的角色、優缺點,提供加害人處遇計畫及觀護工作相關法規範之配套修法的建議,期能讓防治網絡及處遇網絡都更緊密。 第六章為本文之結論。於本章擬做一整合性之歸納摘要,整理出筆者的意見及相關配套措施之建議,期能從實務經驗中提供加害人處遇計畫及觀護工作相關法規範修法之淺見。 本文主要的研究發現有幾大部分。首先,從家暴專股觀護人實際從事加害人觀護、處遇的實務經驗看來,家暴防治網絡及加害人處遇網絡對於觀護人的角色其實是有所期待的,但受限於觀護人的工作執掌缺乏行為作用法,家庭暴力防治法中又沒有用特別法的方式,給予觀護人在刑事程序或社區處遇上的法定角色,家暴專股的工作僅能依據著政策的風向球來跑,在法務、檢察系統行政工作資源的相互擠壓下,甚至可能僅採取一些表面校度的作法, 讓觀護人無法發揮、培養其對於加害人監督、輔導的專業能力,相較於受訪者對工作的用心,著實可惜。 再者,目前家庭暴力案件走入司法可能透過民事保護令或刑事程序,加害人處遇計畫目前是屬於民事保護令之一款,處遇前的審前鑑定及後續處遇計畫的執行,目前都是由縣市政府的家暴中心(衛生局)負責辦理、協調各種專業鑑定、處遇的資源。單純走刑事程序進來的加害人,可能沒有機會接受鑑定,也不一定有機會接受處遇計畫。家庭暴力防治法第三章在刑事程序的部分,雖然有課予法務部要負責辦理家暴受刑人之加害人處遇計畫,但對於假釋、緩刑之受保護管束人,甚至是緩起訴的被告所需要的加害人處遇計畫,則漏未規定。雖然法務部有透過政策下達,要求地檢署觀護人每年必須辦理家暴加害人治療小團體,但對於團體的內涵、預期目標成效的要求卻相當鬆散,導致各地檢署家暴專股觀護人各自為政,其中如果是邀請心理師或社工師來帶領類似於加害人處遇計畫中的「認知輔導教育團體」,就可能造成有加害人重複參加民刑事的團體,造成司法資源的浪費,卻也可能有另一些加害人完全沒有接受處遇計畫的機會。 最後,本文也針對觀護人在家暴網絡中可能扮演之角色及相關配套修法提出觀察與淺見,期能做為後續相關研究之參考。
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智慧家庭具服務品質感知的頻寬分配研究 / QoS aware banwidth allocation for smart homes

黃麒瑋, Huang, Chi-Wei Unknown Date (has links)
隨著智慧家庭概念與技術的興盛與成熟,未來ISP(Internet Service Provider)業者勢必面臨管理大量智慧家庭中各種不同應用競爭頻寬資源的情況。為因應大量且繁雜類型的應用服務彼此競爭智慧家庭端及ISP端的頻寬資源,考量並應用適當的頻寬分配法則以盡可能優化使用者體驗(QoE)是本研究的研究動機。相關文獻的排程演算法如TDPSS (Time Domain Priority Set Scheduler)、MSCDL (Mac Scheduler)、Proportional Fair (PF)及Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First (AMLWDF)等。若要用以管理大量智慧家庭的頻寬資源時,ISP業者須將家庭申辦頻寬方案以及ISP端的系統頻寬分開考量。ISP在整合(aggregate)多個家庭的頻寬資源請求時,會依服務類別分配頻寬,最後依據不同類別採取適當處理,進而提升不同應用的QoS品質。 本篇論文著重於延遲時間的考量,提出能分類來自各個智慧家庭中,屬於不同 QCI (QoS Class Identifier)級別的頻寬請求並以不同佇列存放,依DADS (Delay Aware Dynamical Scheduling)演算法計算優先權值。我們利用保障頻寬與動態配置頻寬給不同用戶服務佇列,並優先分配頻寬給較高優先權的用戶服務,以期在維持一定公平性的前提下,盡可能地降低延遲來提升QoS品質。 在我們的實驗數據分析中,我們將DADS和其他方法如MSCDL、PF、TDPSS以及AMLWDF進行公平性、產能、延遲以及抖動率等效能優劣的比較與分析。最後在總結與未來研究方向,我們歸納與整理了DADS與PF、MSCDL、TDPSS以及AMLWDF等演算法的效能優劣。實驗結果顯示,在延遲上,DADS勝過PF和TDPSS,但略輸MSCDL及AMLWDF;在抖動率及產能上,DADS均較其它四者為差;公平性上則是劣於TDPSS、PF及MSCDL但優於AMLWDF。雖然DADS在整體的表現並非最好,但在特別重視延遲時間的Category1類別(包含QCI級別為1、2及5的應用服務)的延遲效能僅輸AMLWDF些許,而產能卻明顯勝過AMLWDF,由此可見DADS在Category1的表現最佳。 / With the concept and technology of smart homes becoming more and more mature and popular, Internet service provider (ISP) must face managing large set of various applications from smart homes which competing for bandwidth resources. In order to enhance Quality of Services (QoS) of a lot of various applications while they are competing bandwidth resources of both smart homes (home internal) and Internet service provider (home external), we propose a QoS aware bandwidth allocation criterion to optimize Quality of user Experience (QoE). Since ISP has to manage bandwidth resources of large set of smart homes, in the proposed criterion each ISP separates the bandwidth resources for home external bandwidth and system bandwidth of ISP, respectively. Then, aggregates bandwidth requests of large number of smart homes according to distinct service classes. This thesis focuses on the performance index of delay. We proposed to classify bandwidth requests from smart homes and put them into different queues, finally, calculate priority values by DADS (Delay Aware Dynamical Scheduling) algorithm. The proposed method is able to effectively reduce delay time with certain degree of fairness guarantee by dynamically allocate bandwidth resources for services with distinct service priorities. In the experiments, we compared DADS with other algorithms such as MSCDL (Mac Scheduler), PF (Proportional Fair), TDPSS (Time Domain Priority Set Scheduler) and AMLWDF (Adaptive Modified Largest Weighted Delay First), etc. in terms of fairness, throughput, delay and jitter. The experiments results show that DADS performs much better than PF and TDPSS but a bit worse than MSCDL and AMLWDF in terms of delay. However, DADS shows no better performance than all other algorithms in terms of jitter and throughput. In fairness comparison, DADS is worse than PF, TDPSS and MSCDL but is better than AMLWDF. Though DADS has no superior performance on overall indices, it is a bit worse than AMLWDF in delay of Category1 (including QCI 1, 2 and 5), its throughput is better than AMLWDF. Therefore, DADS’s performance is the best on Category1 considering overall indices.
79

家庭主婦志願工作者社會支持、婚姻滿意度、親子關係之研究

黃曼婷 Unknown Date (has links)
現代社會中的家庭主婦面臨許多困境,其中最主要的困境是社會支持來源的減少。一般而言,社會支持網絡有助於個人身心健康,增進個人應付壓力的能力。當家庭主婦走出家庭參與志願服務後,是否能得到更多的社會支持呢?另外,參與志願服務是否有助於婚姻滿意度或親子關係呢?以上的問題都急待研究加以釐清。 本研究探討的重點是以實徵性的資料驗證家庭主婦個人特質是否會對婚姻滿意度、親子關係與社會支持造成影響。再者,比較一般家庭主婦與家庭主婦志工的社會支持、婚姻滿意度與親子關係,以瞭解兩組家庭主婦在各個變項上是否有不同的表現。最後,探討家庭主婦參與志願活動的動機為何?參與志願活動的動機、婚姻滿意度、親子關係與社會支持是否有相關性存在。 本研究的樣本包括一般家庭主婦以及家庭主婦志工共369份問卷。一般家庭主婦共有156份樣本。家庭主婦志工總共來自六個機構,分別是法鼓山基金會72人、馬偕醫院34人、張老師中心19人、國泰醫院26人、慈濟松山區分會22人、萬芳醫院32人及其他8人,總共213位樣本。 一、家庭主婦基本特質對親子關係、婚姻滿意度的影響 (一)家庭主婦的親子關係:有過全職工作經驗之家庭主婦,親子關係顯著較無工作經驗者為佳。 (二)家庭主婦之婚姻滿意度:(1)教育程度在大學或大專以上學歷組婚姻滿意度顯著高於國小及國小以下組;(2)婚姻滿意度隨著配偶的月收入而遞增。 二、家庭主婦基本特質對社會支持的影響 (一)家庭主婦工具性支持的品質:有過全職工作的家庭主婦工具性支持的品質顯著高於曾經兼職過的家庭主婦。 (二)家庭主婦情緒性支持的品質:就整體平均數而言,有過全職工作家庭主婦情緒性支持的品質得分最高,其次是現在有兼職工作組、曾經兼職組、以及無工作經驗組。 (三)家庭主婦社會支持的品質:分析各組的平均數發現,社會支持品質最高的是61-70歲組、其次是41-50歲組、51-60歲組、31-40歲組、21-30歲組。 三、家庭主婦志工參與志願活動的動機 (一)家庭主婦志工參與志願活動動機類型 家庭主婦參與志願活動動機可萃取出三類,一為自我收獲之動機、二為回饋社會動機、三為無特定目的動機。 (二)家庭主婦志工基本特質對參與志願活動動機的影響 1.在自我收穫動機方面: (1)就其平均數而言,曾經兼職過的家庭主婦志工在自我收穫上的動機最高,無工作經驗的家庭主婦在自我收穫的動機上最弱。 (2)就各組平均數來看,結婚在10年以下者,自我收穫動機最強,結婚在21-30年者,自我收穫動機最弱。 2.在回饋社會動機方面: (1)就其平均數而言,結婚年數在0-10年間者,回饋社會動機最強,其次為結婚31-40年者。 3.在無特定目的動機方面: (1)國小及國小以下組此類動機顯著高於高中組,且國小及國小以下組此類動機高於大學畢業組。 (2)51-60歲組此類動機顯著高於41-50歲組。 (3)最年幼子女年齡在30歲以上組,此類動機顯著高於11-20歲組。 (4)子女數目在四人以上組此類動機顯著高於子女數一人組,子女數目在四人以上組此類動機顯著高於子女數二人組。 (5)無工作經驗組此類動機顯著高於有過全職工作組,曾經兼職過組顯著高於有過全職工作組。 四、一般家庭主婦及家庭主婦志工的親子關係、婚姻滿意度、社會支持之比較 (一)有參加志願活動的家庭主婦其婚姻滿意度顯著高於未參加志願活動的家庭主婦。 (二)家庭主婦志工社會支持之數量及品質皆顯著高於一般家庭主婦。進一步探討後發現,工具性支持、情緒性支持、資訊性支持也有顯著差異存在。 五、家庭主婦親子關係、婚姻滿意度、社會支持相關性探討 (一)家庭主婦的婚姻滿意度愈高,親子關係愈高。 (二)家庭主婦的社會支持的數量及品質愈高,親子關係愈好。 (三)家庭主婦社會支持數量及品質愈高,婚姻滿意度愈高。 六、家庭主婦志工參與志願活動動機與婚姻滿意度、親子關係、社會支持的相關性 (一)家庭主婦志工參與志願活動動機與親子關係的相關性 1.自我收穫動機愈強,親子關係的得分愈高 2.回饋社會動機愈強、親子關係愈良好。 (二)家庭主婦志工參與志願活動動機與社會支持的相關性 1.自我收穫動機愈強,社會支持數量愈多。 (1)自我收穫動機愈強,情緒性支持數量愈多。 (2)自我收穫動機愈強,資訊性支持的數量愈多。 2.回饋社會動機與社會支持相關性 回饋社會動機愈強,社會支持的品質愈高。
80

男性家庭照顧者之研究 / Research on Male Home-caregivers for the Elderly

陳奎如 Unknown Date (has links)
我國面臨高齡化社會的趨勢,為因應老人照顧需求快速增加,家庭作為老人照顧支持體系的一環,有關老人家庭照顧者的議題得到來自各種專業領域的重視。檢視國內外既有文獻的討論,對於家庭照顧者的照顧經驗及困境,已累積有豐富的研究成果,然而,相關研究成果基本上著重於日益增加的照顧需求如何影響女性照顧者的生活。有鑑於前人研究發現,兩性在照顧工作方面的投入與影響確有差異,因此,為求對我國家庭照顧者有更全面性及完整性的思考,確有需要對從事家庭照顧的男性加以瞭解。本研究立基於國內既有研究成果及國外相關研究的啟發,透過性別關注的角度切入家庭照顧議題,以我國佔三至四成的男性照顧者為對象,瞭解我國男性家庭照顧者的獨特照顧經驗。本研究目的包括:(一)探討男性家庭照顧者形成的歷程;(二)男性照顧者對照顧工作的經驗感受及其影響;(三)男性家庭照顧者的應付策略及社會支持;(四)提出具性別敏感的政策參考。 本研究採用質性研究方法,深入訪談十二位正在從事家庭照顧工作的男性。重要研究發現為:(一)男性家庭照顧者形成的歷程,依序決定於「勞動就業狀況」、「性別角色規範」以及「親屬關係」。(二)男性家庭照顧者的經驗感受,在情緒認知、表達方式及角色自主性方面,存在男性氣概與照顧者被期待特質之間的矛盾拉扯,同時面臨就業及照顧工作的衝突。(三)男性家庭照顧者的應付策略,傾向以工具性問題解決模式,運用個人經濟資源的優勢,解決照顧工作的困境,其方法包括:創新照顧方法、調整自己的想法、及分攤照顧責任。最後,本研究分別從「保障老人權益減少依賴」、「提供性別適切的照顧者福利支持措施」、「解構照顧工作之性別分化」三個方面提出政策建議。 / As a response to the increasing demand of elder care in the modern aging society, the issue of home care for the elder has attracted more attention in several academic fields. In the literature, there have been some research findings about the experiences and challenges of home caregivers. However, these discussions primarily focused on the impact of caring works on the female caregivers. According to the previous research, there exists significant difference between male and female caregivers in their ways of input and impact from caring work. There is a need to study the topics of male caregivers in order to have a thorough understanding of home caregivers. This thesis studies the relations between gender difference and caregiving by exploring the unique experience of male caregivers, who take 30% to 40% share of total caregivers in Taiwan. The main purposes of this research include: (i) the formation of male caregivers; (ii) the experience and impact of caring work on the male caregivers; (iii) the coping strategy of male caregivers and their social support; (iv) the accordingly policy suggestions with gender-sense. This study adopts qualitative research methods by interviewing twelve male caregivers in Taiwan. The major findings can be summarized as (i) The formation of male caregivers depend on the job market condition, the normative gender role, and kinship relations. (ii) There exist conflicts between socially expected characteristics of care providers and male care provider's masculinity in the caregiving process. Examples include the conflicts between recognized and actual ways of emotion expression, between autonomic and constrained (defined) role playing, and between personal career development and home care works. (iii) The male caregivers develop several innovative problem solving strategies, such as using personal economic resources, adjusting predominate thinking, and sharing care responsibilities with others. Finally, this study provides concrete policy implications in three aspects: reducing elders' dependence, increasing governmental support with gender-sense for caregivers, and de-constructing the division of gender on caregiving systems.

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