對於私部門儲蓄（private saving）之組成成分──公司儲蓄（cor- porate saving）與家庭儲蓄（household saving）間究竟存在著什麼樣 的互動關係，因涉及政府之租稅重分配政策是否可提升私部門儲蓄的課題 ，一直是關心資本形成的經濟學者所爭論的焦點。本文即希望透過 Granger- Sims檢定法則，首次透過因果關係的角度澄清兩者之間的關連 關係，確立可能存在的因果方向及型態，以作為政府施政時的參考。臺灣 地區之實證結果顯示：公司儲蓄(SC)、家庭儲蓄(SH)不論在所得稅負變數 是否存在下，均呈現同向之回饋因果關係。個體儲蓄決策過程中，超理 性 (ultra rationality)並不存在，一旦公司儲蓄、家庭儲蓄兩者之一有 所增減，必帶動另一者作同方向之變動，對整體私部門儲蓄率之變動只有 加劇而無抵消之效果。是故在所得稅負重分配政策的採行上，政府須審慎 考慮其對私部門資本形成所帶來之負面打擊。

在人類社會中，失能老人大多由家庭來承擔照顧責任，也因此帶給照顧者相當重的負荷。在此脈絡下，家庭照顧者的相關政策與措施逐漸受到大眾的重視，期望藉由各式的措施與服務以減少照顧對生活的不利影響，進而增加照顧者的生活福祉。在心理性的支持服務中，自助團體能夠有效舒緩照顧者的身心壓力，但照顧者自助團體研究甚少，且照顧者自助團體之研究未正視團體成員先前團體參與的經驗，及既有研究忽略照顧者支持團體的延續性效益之探究，是故，本研究目的包括：一、從接觸自助團體的起源—探討照顧者參與支持團體的經驗；二、分析照顧者參與自助團體的經驗；三、以增強權能觀點探究照顧者參與自助團體的經驗；四、從自助團體成員及社工員的角度看自助團體的未來發展；五、依據研究結果，提供建議作為辦理照顧者自助團體的實務工作者及家庭照顧者相關團體之參考。 本研究使用質性取向的研究方法，以「台北縣家庭照顧者關懷協會」作為研究場域，本研究共計訪問八名受訪者，一名社工員及七位照顧者。照顧者皆為女性，年齡介於53-64歲之間。照顧狀況方面，有1位仍持續照顧中，6位已結束照顧工作。照顧者參與自助團體方面，僅有1位非團體幹部。 主要的研究結果如下： 1.照顧者參與支持團體經驗中，透過醫療單位及個人熟識者得知活動訊息。照顧者支持團體前的處境大致可區分心理壓力、生理壓力、缺乏社會支持網絡及不清楚照顧方面的資訊。照顧者實際參與支持團體的條件為能擁有自己可支配的時間，以及有人協助暫代照顧工作。支持團體活動內容包括身心成長類、藝術治療類、活動肢體類、人際學習類，其中團體領導者的角色為教育者、催化者及使能者。領導者與成員的關係會隨著時間而改變，隨著時間的發展，許多不在正式的團體中的互動行為跟關係開始產生，此互動經驗讓成員與領導者在團體之外仍保持密切互動，彼此約定舉辦定期的聚會，逐漸形成自助團體。 2.照顧者參與自助團體之經驗中，北縣家協每個月會安排一次三小時的座談分享會，座談內容偏向靜態主題如舒壓、按摩穴道等。自助團體成員的角色可區分為活動發起者、訊息傳遞者、聯繫者、支持者及追隨者。團體互動歷程包括三個階段：互動初期、關係建立期及關係維持期。成員彼此互動的情形中，共享相似的照顧經驗及用支持的力量陪伴成員走過艱辛路，此外，單身、結束照顧工作的成員與他人互動的頻率較高。 3.以增強權能觀點分析照顧者參與團體的經驗中，在個人面的改變部份，照顧者能夠「減少負面感受」、「改變認知」、「增加知能」、「增加自信」、「支配自己的生活」；在人際面的改變中，照顧者「以同理心與被照顧者互動」、「普同性的照顧經驗」、「利他性的互動」、「知識訊息分享」、「建立同儕友誼關係」及「擴大社會網絡」；在社會面的改變中，照顧者開始從事「志願服務」、「贊助協會」，對「家庭照顧者議題及政策」也有所看法。 4.從自助團體成員與社工員的角度看自助團體的未來發展：從照顧者角度看自助團體，可發現自助團體目前運作狀況為擴大服務據點至偏遠地區，北縣家協與自助團體彼此具有雙向的互動關係。照顧者建議將活動資訊發給每個社區的健康中心，透過增加資訊管道以使訊息更具有可近性。從社工員的角度看自助團體發現，照顧者喜愛輕鬆的聚餐，期待設計自助團體相關教材，並成立自助團體的關懷小組，及補助自助團體的運作經費。 / On an aging society, the disabled elderly usually cared by families that becomes a heavy load of caregivers. In this context, the policies and measures of family caregiver are valued by the general public gradually, and hope to reduce the negative effects, to increase the well-being of caregivers. Self-help groups can effectively reduce the ca-regiver physical and mental pressure, but there are few related studies. In addition, the experience of caregiver involve in previous groups few mentioned in current studies, and caregiver support groups of the continuity of the effectiveness is neglected to explore in existing studies. Accordingly, the purposes of this study are as following: first, examine the expe-rience of caregivers involved in the support group; second, consider the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group; third, explore the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group --analyze from the perspective of empowerment; fourth, the expectation of the future development of self-help groups of members from the self-help groups and social workers; fifth, according to research findings, provide suggestions for caregivers’ practitioners and relevant groups. This study employs a qualitative research approach, and data collection is gotten from " Family Caregivers Association in Taipei County", including semi-structured in-depth interviews with a social worker and seven caregivers, aging from 53 to 64. One caregiver who still cares her family members and one caregiver is not the cadre. The study findings are listed below: First, caregivers get information through the medical units and individuals who are familiar to them. Caregivers have psychological stress, physical stress, lack of social support networks, and lack of care information. Caregivers can involve support groups because they have their own time, or someone help to take care temporarily. Support group include physical and mental growth activities, art therapy classes, common activities and interpersonal learning classes. The role of support group leader is a educator, catalyst and enabler. The relationship between leaders and members change over time, as time goes on, members and leaders still remain in close interaction, therefore a self-help group formed gradually. Second, when caregivers involve in the self-help group, the Association arrange a three-hour discussion sharing monthly. The role of self-help group members can be divided into active sponsors, messengers, associates, supporters and followers. Group interaction process consists of three stages: the initial interaction, relationship building and relationship of the maintenance phase. Members interact with each other, sharing similar experiences and support each other .In addition, caregivers who are single, or do not have to care their family members have higher participation rates to involve in self-help group. Third, explore the experience of caregivers involved in the self-help group --analyze from the perspective of empowerment. Changes in the personal aspect include "reduce the negative feelings", "change the perception", "more knowledge", and “more confident”, “control their own life”. Changes in the interpersonal aspect include " empathy the care receivers "," same experiences in taking care "," altruistic interaction "," knowledge and information sharing "," establish peer friendships and relationship "and" expand the social network ". Changes in the social aspect include "engage in voluntary service "," contribute money to Association ", besides caregivers have ability to suggest for family caregiver issues and policy. Fourth, the perspective of self-help group members is self-help groups expand services to remote areas. The Association and self-help groups also have good interaction. Caregivers suggest activities distributed to each community's health information center, make information more accessibility. The perspectives of social workers is design teaching material about self-help group, and set up a support team, and grant funding for self-help.

街童是指大部分時間在街上生活的兒童。大多數的街童已經和家裡斷絕往來，依靠街童團體在現實世界生活下去。俄羅斯聯邦存在許多的街童。在俄羅斯轉型時期，國家將注意放在政治和經濟上，並且削減大幅度的社會福利，因此，創造出一波街童潮。 俄羅斯街童的生活方式不僅促使他們早夭，還惡化社會問題。本文從蘇聯制度遺緒、社會環境變遷，和家庭系統失衡來探討這一批街童的成因。最後，討論俄羅斯官方與非政府組織的因應街童措施，發現俄羅斯政府的態度與應對街童的措施是杜絕街童問題的關鍵。 / Street children are groups of children who spend most of their time living on the streets. Most of them have already cut their relationships with their families, and they depend on members of their street children group to survive in real world. There are many street children in the Russian Federation. When Russia was in transition, the government put the attention on politics and economy, besides that, the government reduced the scope of social welfare, therefore creating a wave of street children. The way of life of Russian street children does not only cause them to die young, but also is a factor for the deteriorating social problems. This study discusses cause factors of this group of street children from the soviet institution, the change of society, and the imbalance of the family system. Finally, this thesis discusses Russian official and NGO’s measures those responding to street children, and concludes that the attitude of the Russian government and how it reacts to the street children is a key factor in putting an end to the problem of street children.

我國自1993年進入高齡化國家以來，人口老化的速度相較於歐美國家更為迅速驚人，高齡少子化的影響下，人口結構呈現倒金字塔，此意味著對老年退休生涯的重新詮釋。退休是生命歷程中的重大轉折點，現代退休者通常需面臨20-30年以上漫長退休生活，如何能活得老、活得好，增進老年退休的生活適應，是當前重要課題。 本研究旨在了解台北市退休人員於退休後的生活適應歷程，以及在適應過程中其家庭、社會支持的支援現況，採用深度訪談法，共訪談了10位年齡為56歲至82歲、居住於台北市且從職場退出2年以上之已退休人員。 本研究結果發現如下：1.受訪者的家庭支持之於家庭適應的支援情形，係以情緒性支持為最重要，獲得的主要來源為子女、孫子女，其次為配偶、兄弟手足，顯見晚輩的陪伴與所提供的情緒慰藉是退休後生活適應的重要影響因素。2.其次在工具性支持方面，則隨著社會結構的變遷，由傳統仰賴子女轉變為傾向自我規劃、準備，甚至還需要提供子女、兄弟手足協助；至於在意見、資訊傳遞的訊息性支持，則是採雙向交流、互動的溝通模式進行。3.退休代表著社會地位的改變、人際關係的疏離等，然而透過休閒娛樂的選擇安排、終身學習及志願服務的參與等，甚至從中獲得自我成長與貢獻的成就感，降低喪失社會地位的失落感。4.經由政府單位、社會機構等主動提供有關健康、居住安養、休閒娛樂及教育、志工等訊息，使得人們得以尋求合適的支援甚至提前準備。5.從支持的來源區別，志同道合的老友與其他親友鄰居則提供簡易的物質支援或資訊，而老友所提供的情緒支持則非親友或鄰居可相比擬，但是人際關係的窄化確是不爭的事實。6.由於資訊科技的發達與知識水準的提升，受訪者多數無退休適應不良的問題，對於面對臨終的態度與安排，也多能坦然接受。此外受訪者皆認同維持身體健康是適應退休生活的首要目標。 依據本研究發現，提供以下建議：1.未來能透過教育來加強家庭傳統價值，維持優良孝道觀念。2.在老年生活消費上建立補貼或優惠制度，紓緩經濟壓力、加強居住硬體設備並考量安養機構普及化、廣設老人活動中心。3.提供多元休閒選擇以維持人際互動、宣導志願服務以傳承經驗並發揮所長。4.結合社區環境並使老人教育課程多元化、政府主動推廣醫療照護訊息，讓大家能預先認識而預作準備。 / Since Taiwan became an aging country in 1993, increase in population aging rate has been more dramatic than Europe and North America. In addition to being a new aging country, decrease in fertility rate has turned Taiwan’s population structure into reverse pyramid. This phenomenon indicates a need to re-interpret senior post-retirement plans. Retirement is a crucial turning point in life; yet, retirees now face, on average, 20-30 years of retirement which is substantially longer then before. For citizens to - as captured in a Chinese saying- ‘live long live good’, improving the adaptability of post-retirement life becomes a critical question in contemporary society. This study focuses on retirees of Taipei City, their post-retirement adaptation, and family and social support received after retirement. This study conducted in-depth interviews with 10 retirees, between the ages of 56-82 and have retired for at least 2 years. The findings of this study are: 1.In terms of family support, emotional sustainment ranks as the most important element. Furthermore, the majority of interviewees reported that their source of emotional support are their children and grandchildren, then followed by spouse, family and friends. This shows company and emotional consolation provided by junior generations is a critical factor in determining whether or not the retirees adapts to the post-retirement life. 2.Secondly, in terms of instrumental support, traditional tendency to rely on children has changed, retirees now prepare and plan by themselves, as align with the change in social structure. Sometimes the retirees even provide assistance to their children, siblings and friends. In terms of information support, interviewees reported a more balanced two directional and interactive method of communication, yet another difference from traditional understanding. 3.Retirement means change of social statues, distancing of personal relationship, and etc., but through leisure and entertainment arrangement, lifelong learning program, volunteer participations, retirees gain confidence in self development and through contribution, and consequently decrease feeling of uneasiness with the change in social statues. 4.Information provided by government and social institutions on health, living arrangement, leisure and entertainment, education and volunteering opportunities, makes it possible for retirees to find suitable resource and prepare before retirement takes place. 5.From the perspective of support source, old friends and other friends/neighbors may both easily provide material resource and information, yet a major distinction lies in the fact that only old friends can offer emotional consolation. Hence, limited personal relationship still remains an irrefutable fact. 6.With the development of information technology and increase in knowledge accessibility, most of the interviewees reported no serious adaptability issues. Furthermore, they generally hold healthy attitude toward the end of life and their arrangement, accepting the natural course of life with embracement. Finally, all interviewees identified leading a healthy life to be the prime goal in post-retirement life. Recommendations based on the findings of this study: 1.The value of family should be implemented in future education to stress and maintain the concept of filial piety. 2.The government should devote specific senior subsidy and other incentive programs, because relieving financial pressure would be key to stabilizing post-retirement life. Furthermore, policies on facility and hardware establishment should focus on poularizing senior homes and dissemination of senior activity centers. 3.Options for leisure and entertainment should be expanded to maintain personal interaction and volunteer promotion, as these are effective ways for retirees to share their valuable life experience as well as crucial source for confidence-building. 4.Education on the diversity of post-retirement life and information on health care should be community-based, rendering knowledge more accessible to the population would better encourage understanding and preparation before retirement.

臺灣過去幾十年間女性勞動參與率長期的變化趨勢引起國內外學者廣大的興趣。其中20-34歲間女性勞動參與率大幅下降的情況更是備受關注，多數研究皆指出結婚、生育等家庭因素是造成女性離開勞動市場的重要因素之一。然而即便整體女性勞動參與率逐年提升，前述大幅下降情形也越趨減緩，但婚育等家庭因素所造成的離職情形仍持續存在。基於對婦女工作連續性及工作-家庭衝突性的關注，本研究由工作持續時間（duration）的角度出發，以女性個人工作史為主軸，援引 2005年「東亞社會階層與社會流動研究」（Social Stratification and Social Mobility）資料，並採用「事件史分析法」，從個人背景、家庭生命週期不同階段、工作特質及工作時期各面向探討在家庭因素影響下女性就業型態，包含「因家庭因素而『離職』及『退出後重返』」的變化情形及長期發展趨勢，希望能夠從不同以往研究的角度切入，並對此議題提出更多元的解釋。主要發現有下列幾點： 首先，家庭生命週期各階段中，相較於單身階段，「已婚沒有子女」及「育有0-6歲子女」階段對因家庭因素離職的機率有正向效果，重返機率相對為負向效果。而子女6歲以上進入學齡以後，因家庭因素離職的機率明顯下降，重返勞動市場的機率則明顯高於學齡前階段。顯示女性在育有學齡前子女之階段中，工作-家庭間的衝突性較高，因此當家庭責任與工作無法兼顧而必須在兩者間進行取捨時，大多數女性仍然會以家庭為優先考量，選擇放棄工作。 其次，本研究驗證高等教育之優勢確實為影響女性就業型態的重要因素。對於大學及以上教育程度之女性而言，因家庭因素選擇離職的機率相對較低；即便因家庭因素退出，也有較高的機率會重返勞動市場。 最後，對於時期的分析則顯示，女性受到家庭因素影響而離職之機率呈現隨時期下降的趨勢；而高等教育擴張造成的離職機率下降也自90年代開始顯現。整體研究結果顯示女性勞動參與型態除了受個人因素影響外，也受社會型態及產業結構改變之影響，並呈現社會變遷的趨勢。

This business plan is about a system that integrates the process of diet from planning, execution, and result tracking. The author has noticed the wide penetration of smart phone in Taiwan, and the unique benefit of health care mobile device application software (“Apps”) in preventing diseases and managing individual health that traditional medical service fall short to offer. She also has witnessed the growing trend of ecommerce in Taiwan that the items being traded online have further expended to food and grocery. Her idea is to link the diet plan, grocery shopping, and body measurement tracking all together on the same platform to provide household a simple, efficient, and effective way to lead a health life. The system of this business plan doesn’t involve with any new technology, either is it the first diet related software on the market. But it is the first one that links the process with online food and grocery shopping, which is able to help consumers save a lot of time. Another competitive advantage is, unlike competitors offering single objective/method of diet, the nutrition knowledge on this system is designed to be open-sourced, which means it can be applied on diet of all purposes. Consumers are able to choose the diet method that is most effective on them. The business plan is meaningful to carry out. First of all, the usage of Apps is proved to have the positive effect on users’ health. It helps them to understand the linkage of their behavior and health level. It also increases users’ self-accountability on their own health. Second, this system is expected to boots behavior of cooking at home by mitigating the pain in shopping and providing incentive by it with diet. Cooking at home is foundation of healthy eating. The two together is able to enhance the health consciousness and health management implementation at both individual and household level. If wildly adapted, it will be able enhance overall health level of the nation. It will save medical expense, and burden on national health insurance. People of Taiwan will live in a high quality life with better health status. This business is also profitable to carry out, if executed properly. Unlike other items, food and grocery are things that customers have to purchase periodically. Thus, it brings in most stable and sustainable sales. The reason online food and grocery grows slower than other items is because it required substantial trust from customers, which is possible to achieve with sufficient quality control and promotion. Once it is built, such revenue is more resilient than other items which can stand economy downturn. The online shopping of this system is also designed to be an open platform which linked with multiple sellers. The revenue is transaction fee. By investing in this attractive and value added system to customers, investors will be able to enjoy the benefit from growing online food and grocery market. However, since this system doesn’t involve with new technology, it might be mimicked by competitors quickly. The key to success is to attract as many users as possible in a short period of time, leaving no room of survival for late comers. Therefore, this business is more suitable for blue-chip internet/software companies, like Yahoo, or eBay, or Amazon in US, books.com in Taiwan(博客來) …etc. With their existing experience in system development, customer service, and abundant capital, they are able to make this move fast and accurate. To them, developing this business is like opening another revenue stream with the least effort.

家庭暴力防治法實施多年，家暴事件數量逐年攀增，保護令是避免家暴事件再度發生的強制力量，而警察機關與社工人員是目前執行保護令的最重要的主體，對保護令實施之探討研究。 本研究以質性研究方式，訪談對象以新北市永和區參與家庭暴力相關勤業務之警察與社工人員及聲請保護令之受暴婦女計10人為主，另增加學者2人之意見，以多面向取得資料。 一、研究發現 (一) 受暴婦女部分：受暴者對暴力行為多半採取隱忍方式承受而 未在第一次受暴後立即報案、受暴婦女直接向社工尋求協助的比例甚少，報案途徑仍以警察為多、婦女在親友的鼓勵與支持下，較會增強求助的動機、婦女因以離婚來結束家暴後，面臨最大的難題是經濟的壓力。(二) 警察人員部分：警察機關的員警以男性成員居多，而家暴案件的被害人又多為女性，在面臨龐雜事務情況下，員警處理家暴案件時態度多趨於保守而不露情緒，反造成不具同理心的誤解、對於家暴法與家庭暴力案件處理內容之瞭解，女性員警較男性員警熟悉流 程且執行態度亦比較積極、警察人員處理家暴案件時，對約制加害人再發生暴力行為具嚇阻成效。(三) 社工人員部分：社工因年輕社會經驗不足有時甚至使受暴者更感到無助、社工人員大多係資淺之聘用人員，家暴事件的複雜性，已超出年輕社工的生命歷練。 二、研究建議 加強宣導保護令的效能、確實執行加害人的「處遇計畫」、簡化處理程序及表格或表單之填寫及提升行政獎勵、安置場所與方式，應符合被害人之期待、建立網絡間聯繫窗口、強化專業程度、縮短審查核發保護令時間及延長保護令的時效。

近年來國內藉由跨國婚姻形式來台的東南亞籍女性外籍配偶數量不斷增加，相關議題受到各界廣泛討論；另外，台灣在面臨人口老化的趨勢下，所衍生出的老人照顧課題也同樣受到關切。但是關於跨國婚姻家庭中的失能老人照顧問題卻一直被忽略。因此本研究以質性研究方法，訪談了十位居住在台南縣的東南亞籍女性外籍配偶照顧者，以及兩位家人，探討她們成為家庭中失能老人的照顧者之原因與對照顧工作的認知、從事的照顧工作內容與扮演的照顧角色、照顧過程中的正式與非正式社會支持網絡以及照顧工作對其生活各層面所帶來的影響，藉此勾勒出女性外籍配偶家庭的照顧圖像。研究結果顯示，女性外籍配偶成為家庭照顧者的原因有文化規範、性別角色分工、情感上的推拉力以及雙重的生產力身份等等。其扮演的照顧角色為「直接協助者」、「叮嚀與監督者」、「情緒的支持者」、「協同照顧者」以及「家務工作者」。另外，在照顧過程中的社會網絡上，主要由夫妻關係、子女關係、娘家關係、親屬關係、鄰居關係及朋友關係構成的非正式支持體系來提供工具性與情感性的支持；因為其婚姻構成的因素與對資源的掌握能力不足，缺少正式支持體系的協助。而照顧工作對女性外籍配偶照顧者的生活各層面，包括生理/心理層面、家庭關係與社交層面、經濟/財務層面以及工作層面等等都帶來一定程度的影響。總體而言，女性外籍配偶照顧者不但要面對與本國籍女性照顧者相同的照顧情境與問題，因為其特殊的文化及語言背景，還得學習自我調適與生活適應，所承受的生活壓力與照顧負荷可說是加倍的沈重。

本研究主要目的為實際了解家中有0-4歲嬰幼兒的台灣雙薪家庭父母親之親職分工及其親職行為的比較。研究結果發現，就整體而言，台灣雙薪家庭父母親的親職分工仍由母親負責較多的親職照顧，此外，母親與嬰幼兒的情感連結亦較為緊密。在檢視父母親教養信念之後，發現無論父母所持為何種教養觀，皆由母親負責較多的親職責任；另一方面，在基本照顧及情感支持的向度上，父母親的親職行為皆會因教養信念不同而展現差異，其中較為特別的是有關父親的部份，持現代教養觀的父親在基本照顧及情感支持的親職向度，皆較持傳統教養觀的父親參與更多。至於在其他親職向度（常規教導、親子遊戲及身體接觸），父母親則未因教養信念不同而展現親職施為的差異。

本研究以《中時》「家庭版」為例，從1956年11月25日起至2004年12月31日逐日翻閱歷時五十年的該版面。作者以「形式與內容｣為經緯，檢視「家庭版｣變化，將歷史沿革分為五個時期：始自週刊、繼而日日出刊、刊名的改變—各類軟性題材齊聚、報禁解除：「家庭版」重生、周末報時期版面倍增。筆者歸納影響的因素，發現早期因報禁限張政策，使得非藝文、體育和影藝的其餘軟性題材，全都置於「家庭版」中，報禁解除後，家庭類的版面激增，設立與內容轉而受商業力量左右。 「家庭版」與其他版面最不同之處，就是強調讀者參與。讀者參與空間漸增，從限時限定主題的刊登，到每日至少刊登1~3篇讀者投書。近五十年當中，讀者除踴躍參與「家庭版」徵稿外，從讀者筆戰交鋒中更可發現，其對家庭價值捍衛有時更勝於編輯。 「家庭版」中的女性角色，從主內持家轉為家庭與事業兩者兼顧的形象，女性新角色承擔了雙重壓力。家庭不是封閉體系，亦受到外在政治、經濟與社會影響。歷經1980年代經濟起飛、政治開放，女性從事政治、社會運動與社會志工的社會角色漸漸增多，女性角色更顯得多元且豐富。 / This thesis focuses upon the Family section of the Chinatimes and examines its presentations of female roles during the past fifty years on a daily basis, ranging from November 25, 1956 to December 31, 2004. The author discerns that historical evolvements of the Family section into five periods: it came initially as a weekly, followed by a daily format, with the change of its title, the Family section took in more and more various soft subjects. The latest is the arrival of Taiwan’s newspaper deregulation and consequently the revival of Family section and the multiplication of weekend edition. As a conclusion, we should say that the Family section was deeply conditioned by the government’s newspaper policy of limiting the competition of the media. The press landscape has seen a sea-change since the late 1980s though, when topics used to be covered in the Family section gradually expanded into other pages. Commercial forces has by this time overridden political effect. The reader participation is the most important and distinguished characteristic in Family section. Family section is considered to defend our social value. From the reader’s argument, it is found that readers make more efforts than the editors. The female roles are represented in Family section.The changes from housewife image that helps the husband and teaches the children, to the professional women image that looks after both work and family. However, even when economically independent, women have never been released; instead, they take much more stress than before. After 1980s, raise of economic and openness of politics ,the social roles of women have seemed to be more abundant.