由於全球環境競爭激烈，使研發服務業在產業中所扮演的角色越趨重要，為對該產業的前景有更清楚的了解，本研究以研發服務業的未來發展策略為題，對其作深入的探討。 本研究先分析整個大環境為研發服務產業所帶來的機會與威脅，完善的國家基礎設施、放寬融資管道限制、B-B電子商務商機無限、系統整合需求大幅提升，為該產業提供了許多機會；再從內在分析來看，由於研發服務產業競爭者眾，為求與同業形成差異化，擁有專精的產品研發能力與全面性的服務已不可或缺。 研究結果發現國內研發服務業的關鍵成功因素為:大型專案之標價競爭能力、具備專業知識、新產品與技術之研發與開發能力、多元化的資訊軟體與硬體技術、與上游軟體與硬體供應商良好關係等。 本研究從公司使命與目標著手，設定公司未來發展方向，並訂定根本策略、競爭策略和營運策略： 1.個案公司根本策略最適合採取成長策略，才能發揮個案公司的核心能力，尤其是應該在短期對國內市場採行產品擴張策略，在中長期對國外市場採取地理擴張策略。 2.個案公司的競爭策略為差異化，個案公司擁有多樣化產品及服務、專業技術團隊、豐富的相關經驗、擅長開拓業務的人員等，透過這些優勢，個案公司可以建立產品差異化。 3.對個案公司內外在分析、擬定根本策略及競爭策略之後，進而對個案公司擬定相關的營運策略包括行銷策略、財務策略、人力資源策略、組織策略以及控制策略等。

對企業而言，所謂二十一世紀先進國家的社會、經濟為「知識基礎社會」(knowledge-based society)、「知識基礎經濟」(knowledge-based economic)。為謀求所謂「競爭力的改善」、「國家財富的創造」、「生活品質的提升」等國家利益，「知識」即為社會、經濟發展的基礎。對直接面對激烈競爭的企業來說，知識是一個贏得競爭的重要手段。以大學為代表的高等教育機關，在任何一個國家都扮演著知識生產之重要角色。因此，企業必須與大學共同合作，研究先端的學術理論、並進一步共同協力開發先端的科技技術。 產學合作在台灣已是日漸蓬勃的重要議題，尤其自從民國九十年政府通過了「科技基本法」，明確指出智慧財產權與成果的歸屬，從國科會轉移到研究機構或企業所有，激勵了學校和業界有更多的合作計畫，尤其如台大、清大、交大等明星大專院校，和業界的合作計畫更是一年比一年增進。 因此，本研究欲透過實際訪談產學合作的個案，深入了解在合作過程中，雙方如何克服不同的文化，達成最後成功的果實，藉由分析結果的呈現，作為政府推動產學合作以改善我國研發體系的政策建議，並且提供未來欲進行產學合作之學界和企業界的重要參考，使整個機制運作順利，提高我國之創新成效。 透過研究實際成功的產學合作個案，訪談大學在產學合作中執行的人員，以及訪談學校的研發處，目的在於了解實際的合作過程當中，大學實驗室和企業雙方實際碰到的問題，以及解決方式，以及大學研發處現在的管理做法對產學合作的影響。消極面希望歸納相關產學合作個案中，雙方合作成功的關鍵因素。積極面則希望尋找不同個案中，是否可以歸納重要的合作模式，加以複製到未來產學合作的計畫中。 本研究的研究發現摘要如下： 一、 大學實驗室領導者的角色與風格對產學合作進行程序之影響 □ 在大學實驗室中，教授若越希望博士學生未來能迅速成為一位專案管理者，就越會授權給資深的博士生學生進行實驗室的管理，也越會將產學合作計畫授權給資深的博士班學生。 □ 實驗室進行產學合作計畫時，實驗室的產學合作計畫負責人偏向T型人的角色。 二、 大學實驗室激勵制度與成員投入產學合作意願之關聯性 □ 大學實驗室採取越多元化的激勵措施，似乎越可提高成員參與產學合作計畫的意願。 三、 大學實驗室團隊溝通與合作機制對產學合作知識管理的影響 □ 大學實驗室內部，越將平日學術研究、產學合作計畫等不同性質的meeting加以整合，越有助於產學合作計畫的知識擴散與創造。 四、 大學實驗室教育訓練的機制對產學合作知識管理的影響 □ 實驗室有著越有效的知識管理作法，似乎越有助於產學合作的創新。 □ 實驗室師徒制傳承制度，有助於產學合作知識的傳遞。 □ 大學實驗室將知識予以文件化的做法，有助於產學合作知識的蓄積。 五、 大學研發處的做法對於產學合作的影響 □ 我國大學的研發處，對於徵求廠商進行產學合作，漸趨向透過更多的活動，使廠商更易對學校專長有所了解。 □ 我國大學的研發處，基於教育部的規定，對於產學合作案，均必須透過校方才能簽訂。 □ 我國大學的研發處，對於產學合作的進行過程，有關教授的研究，採取較寬容的態度，交由教授自行管理。 □ 我國大學的研發處，對於產學合作計畫結束後成果歸屬，逐漸更加重視，並且訂定相關辦法或透過法律協助以維護教授的權益。 六、 實驗室和廠商間的互動對產學合作創新成果的影響 □ 在產學合作中，透過和廠商舉行的的討論會議，以及面對面的直接溝通，有助於知識經驗在結合過程中的創造，將內隱知識有效加以擴散，並建立雙方的信任。 □ 產業界和學術界，雙方宜建立長期的合作關係，有助於了解彼此並增進雙方的合作 本研究的研究建議如下： 一、 對大學本身及大學的研發處 □ 大學應舉辦更多的組織性活動，增進廠商對於學校內研究資源的了解。 □ 積極將校內規定的相關產學合作辦法及訊息放置於學校的網路上 □ 積極將校內規定的相關產學合作辦法及訊息放置於學校的網路上 □ 學校主動訂出產學合作後成果歸屬分配的規定 二、 對於大學的實驗室 □ 實驗室的研究方向和產學合作計畫的方向儘可能相關 □ 實驗室採取多樣的激勵措施鼓勵成員投入產學合作的計畫 □ 強化實驗室成員分享產學合作的經驗 三、 對於進行產學合作的廠商 □ 產業界的廠商，宜和大學實驗室建立長期的關係 四、 對於產學雙方的互動 □ 產學合作過程中，雙方的互動必須秉著互信合作的精神 □ 產學合作計畫的專案領導人，宜具備多樣化的能力 □ 產學雙方宜盡量分享知識，達成互利雙贏的結果 五、 對於政府推動產學合作的政策 □ 政府宜多設立鼓勵辦法，鼓勵學校進行產學合作。 □ 政府宜鼓勵學校組成跨領域的合作聯盟，有助於進行複雜性、大規模的產學合作計畫。 / For companies and enterprises, the 21th century is a kind of knowledge-based society and knowledge-based economic environment. In order to enhance competitiveness and improve life quality in every country, knowledge is the most important fundamental element of social and economic development. Actually, universities have played a role of “producer of high-level information and knowledge” in many countries. Therefore, companies have to cooperate with universities so that they can learn advanced theories and to develop high technologies. “University – Industry Cooperation” has become an important topic in Taiwan nowadays. Since the government enacted a law of “Science and Technology Law” in 2001, it has encouraged universities to conduct more cooperative plans with industrial companies. For prestigious universities, like National Taiwan University, National Chiao-Tung University, and National Tsing-Hua University, their number of cooperation plans with companies have increased tremendously recently. Therefore, through case study of “University – Industry Cooperation”, the research aims to know how to solve the problem of cultural difference between universities and companies during the cooperation process and how to get the successful result. After analyzing the factors, the study comes out with suggestions to the government. Universities and companies can refer to the research results if they want to work together in the future.

傳統產業區位理論主要在探討人類活動對空間之影響，其所著重者乃為經濟面之分析觀點，相較於傳統產業區位理論，網絡發展理論更加著重產業發展非經濟因素之探討以及網絡體系在空間結構中之建構與快速交流、互動，故近年來，產業網絡之研究受到台灣學術界的甚多重視，眾多研究指出，健全且緊密聯結的產業合作網絡，為台灣廠商國際競爭力的重要來源。而新竹科學工業園區與新竹工業區在政府政策的推動下，已引導出各自不同的產業群聚現象，並賦予其特有的任務與角色，尤其二工業（園）區距離僅約10公里，在空間上已具有鄰近性的特質，故本文主要是從廠商地理鄰近性的觀點，探討在新竹地域此一生產環境下，新竹科學工業園區與新竹工業區廠商之原料購買與產品銷售關係向外伸展的生產網絡，其地理空間結構分布情形，以及二者上下游廠商生產、研發合作網絡之連結關係，及其是否因地理鄰近性而產生影響。 　　本研究首先藉文獻回顧以瞭解產業生產網絡之特性與型態，以及地理集中現象對於產業群聚及廠商間的互動，具有之衝擊與影響；並針對新竹工業地域之發展情形、產業結構之轉變以及新竹科學工業園區、新竹工業區二大產業聚集地內各項重大產業之網絡連結情形作進一步之探討。再配合問卷調查方式，以得出二工業（園）區廠商生產、研發合作網絡之連結關係與區位選擇考量情形；最後運用二元羅吉特迴歸模式逐步篩選擷取出影響廠商選擇設廠於新竹科學工業園區及新竹工業區之重要變項，並進而分析論述地理鄰近性與生產、研發網絡二者之關係。 本研究實證分析結果如下：一、地理鄰近性與廠商區位之選擇有關；二、新竹科學工業園區呈現跨國界性的生產網絡關係，而新竹工業區則屬於跨區域性之生產網絡；三、新竹科學工業園區內廠商在上下游投入產出關係中是較為密切，這也正是其吸引六大產業廠商在此群聚之原因，同時促使產業群聚現象亦愈為顯著；四、地理空間的鄰近促使互動的限制隨著鄰近性的增加而減少，同時也增加了成員間溝通的速度，故在新竹工業地域產業群聚的環境下，地理的鄰近對新竹科學工業園區及新竹工業區廠商生產網絡之連結建立了更佳的平台；五、地理鄰近對工業(園)區廠商研發合作網絡之形構助益不大，而產業型態之不同，應是彼此合作網絡連結簿弱之主因。 最後建議政府在規劃整體工業(園)區環境時，尤應因應產業性質之不同，提供廠商資訊交流平台，以增進產業交流。同時應協助工業(園)區廠商建立垂直、水平或異業間研發合作網絡關係，俾使彼此互享生存資源並有效降低研發成本與風險，而新產品或技術創新之時間也得以縮短，相互合作進而提升產業競爭能力。此外，日後工業(園)區服務中心除了收取經費或場地租借外，亦應兼具訊息交流功能，並從生產鏈或價值鏈之觀點，尋覓適合之廠商進駐，以活化工業(園)區產業群聚效益，進而促進彼此生產或研發合作網絡連結關係。 / The industry location theory mainly discusses the impact of human activities on space from mainly the economic perspective. Compared with this conventional theory, the network development theory puts a stronger emphasis on the non-economic factors in industrial development and a network system’s construction, development, and interaction in a spatial structure. In recent years, much academic attention has been paid to the study of industrial networks in Taiwan. Many studies have pointed out that a firm and closely-linked network of industrial cooperation is the main source of international competitiveness for Taiwanese firms. Under the promotion of the government, industrial clusters have been created in Hsinchu Science Park and Hsinchu Industrial Park, with each cluster given a specific role and missions. As the two parks are only 10km away from each other, they can be said to have the characteristic of geographic proximity. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate, from the perspective of geographic proximity, the geographic structure of the production network developed under the demand for raw materials and sales of products among the firms in the two parks. Besides, it further probed into the linkage in production and R&D among upstream/downstream firms in the two parks as well as the impact of geographic proximity on inter-firm cooperation. 　　Literature review was first conducted to understand the features and patterns of production networks and the impact of geographic concentration on industrial clustering and firm interactions. Geographic development, transformation of structure of industries in Hsinchu and the networks formed by major industries in the two parks were further investigated. Through a questionnaire survey, the linkages in production and R&D among firms in the two parks and factors considered in their location choice were explored. Finally, variables affecting firms’ location choice were progressively extracted using the binary logit model. Based on these variables, the relationship between geographic proximity and production and R&D networks were further analyzed. From this empirical analysis, the following results were obtained: (1) Geographic proximity is correlated with location choice of firms. (2) The production networks in the Hsinchu Science Park are cross-national, while those in Hsinchu Industrial Park are more cross-regional. (3) Upstream/downstream firms in Hsinchu Science Park have a closer input-output relationship, which is the main reason why firms across six industries cluster in this park and industrial clustering is becoming more significant. (4) Proximity in geographic space reduces constraints on firm interactions and facilitates communications among members. Thus, in Hsinchu where industries cluster, geographic proximity provides a better platform for firms in the both parks to establish production networks. (5) The positive effect of geographic proximity on the buildup of an R&D network among firms in the two parks is limited. Difference in industry patterns is probably the main cause of the weakness of their cooperation linkages. Finally, the following suggestions were proposed: In the planning of an industrial park, the government should provide a firm information exchange platform according to properties of each industry to facilitate industry exchange. Besides, efforts should be made to assist firms in the park to establish horizontal, vertical or cross-industry R&D networks, so that these firms can share resources of survival and effectively reduce R&D cost and risks. Besides, through cooperation, their new product development or technical innovation time can be shortened and their competitiveness can be enhanced. In the future, in addition to collection of funds or administration of lands, the park service center should also provide information exchange services. From the perspective of production chain or value chain, it can proactively seek suitable firms to move into the park. Thus, the effect of industrial clustering can be increased, and production or R&D network linkages among firms can be further strengthened.

生技產業是一個具有豐富無形資產之產業，需透過研發活動創造無形資產，以增進產業價值。因此，生技公司所投入之研發費用係生技產業發展的重要關鍵因素。 本研究旨在探討生技公司所投入之研發費用與其股價報酬間之關係。本研究選取2003至2007年台灣40家上市櫃、興櫃之生技公司及美國76家NASDAQ之生技公司為樣本，將股價報酬作為生技公司績效之衡量變數。本研究運用敘述性統計、Pearson相關係數和複迴歸分析以達到研究之目的。 實證結果顯示，不論台灣或美國之生技公司，其研發費用、研發密度、研發生產力、市場佔有率及員工分紅，皆與股價報酬具有顯著正相關。研究結果亦證實，生技公司研發活動確實會影響股價報酬。此外，本研究亦發現，市場佔有率與研發密度之交乘項，以及員工分紅與研發密度之交乘項，皆與股價報酬呈現顯著相關。 / The biotechnology industry has abundance of intangible assets. It creates intangible assets through research and development activities to add value. Therefore, R&D plays a key role in the development of the biotechnology industry. This research aims to explore whether R&D is associated with stock returns of biotechnology companies in Taiwan and in the United States. The sample consists of 40 Taiwanese and 76 NASDAQ biotechnology companies with data from 2003 to 2007. The empirical results are as follows. R&D, patents, market shares, and employee bonus are all significantly associated with stock returns both in Taiwan and in the United States, suggesting that R&D activities of biotechnology companies affect their stock returns. In addition, the interaction of market shares and R&D intensity and that of employee bonus and R&D intensity are both significantly associated with stock returns in Taiwan and in the United States.

在主要的文獻中皆認為工業地域能帶來外部經濟，諸如: 廠商在工業地域中能受益於外部知識以及依賴外部知識的資源、仰賴外部知識的關係，而成為廠商創新的動能。 據此，我們以生物科技產業作為觀察對象，觀察工業地域廠商研發績效的研究。首先，將台灣劃分為北、中、南三個主要之工業地域，其次以「工業地域」、「產業群聚」、「地理鄰近性」以及「研發網絡」等四項外部性因素觀察在此區域下廠商之研發績效，第三，我們同時分析影響生物科技產業研發績效的內部因素，包括「研發部門」、「員工人數」、「研發人數」以及「研發支出」。 研究結果顯示，地理鄰近性有利於知識的分享，交互作用在廠商的學習與創新。而我們也發現，產業群聚對生物科技產業之研發績效是很重要的影響因素。除此之外，一般研究所實證的「員工人數」以及「研發人數」對廠商之研發績效有影響，在本研究也得到了一致性的證實，由此顯示豐沛的知識是生物科技產業的核心。最後，我們驗證低研發支出對生物科技產業的研發績效呈現負相關，以及生物科技產業之研發績效在劃分的三個工業地域表現中，無顯著之差異。 關鍵字：工業地域、研發績效 / The body literature tends to assume that industrial district can increase external economies. For example, all the competitiveness firms in a industrial district can get the benefit from external knowledge. Depending on exteral sources of knowledge and relationships will be the energy of innovation. Accordingly, our research examines the effect of industrial district on the R&D performance of biotechnology industry . In this study, first we demarcate three main industrial clustering districts in Taiwan. Second, we observe the R&D performance in the three main industrial clustering districts by four external factors which are industrial district, industry cluster, geographical proximity and R&D network.; and third we also analyze internal factors on the impact of performance of biotechnology industry, which are R&D department, number of employees, R&D personnel and R&D expense. Results show that geographical proximity facilitates knowledge sharing and interactive learning and innovation. Moreover, we find that industry cluster is an important factor of R&D performance of biotechnology industry. In addition, the general claim that number of employees and R&D personnel are helpful to firm’s R&D performance. In our research we find the same conclusion, that shows abounding knowledge is the core of the biotechnology industry. Finally, the empirical results indicate that low R&D expense is negatively related to R&D performance, and there is no different performance on Taiwan’s three main industrial clustering districts. Keywords:Industrial district, R&D performance

面臨產業全球化的時代，產品製造過程因專業化分工而逐漸形成緊密連結。而以研發創新為主要目的所建構的產業連結，稱之為研發網絡。大量的技術知識流於研發網絡內產生，成員彼此間分攤重大創新技術的開發成本和風險，同時有助於提高成員的學習能力。然而，於此知識技術交流互動與資源共享基礎上，隱含著技術機密外洩與資訊盜用風險。此時，廠商間信任的建立可降低研發不確定性，防止夥伴的投機行為，進而增進研發合作的機會。故與合作夥伴的信任關係是影響研發網絡運作與廠商績效的重要因素。 據此，本研究以生物技術產業為例，探討生技研發網絡內廠商間信任建立與廠商績效之影響關係，藉以了解生技產業中信任所扮演的重要角色。本研究以研發合作之問卷設計，對台灣地區的生技廠商作問卷調查，並以因素分析與結構方程模式作為資料分析方法。實證結果得知，生技廠商的研發合作乃需透過信任建立方能正面影響廠商績效。 / Facing an era of globalization of industry, the product manufacturing process gradually formed tight links between firms due to specialization .And the industry links based on R&D and innovation as the main purpose are known as R&D network. Great deal of technical knowledge flows in R&D network, and a major share among the members is the costs and risks of innovative technology development, while helping to improve the members on learning. However, these knowledge exchange and resource sharing are based on technical confidential information leakage and misappropriation hazards. At this point, the establishment of trust between firms can reduce high uncertainty of R&D, and prevent partners from doing opportunistic behavior, thereby enhancing R&D cooperation between firms. Therefore, the trust among the partners is an important factor of the impact of R&D network and firm performance. Accordingly, the study takes the biotechnology industry for example, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of trust and firm performance among R&D cooperation in biotechnology R&D network, and explore that trust plays an important role in biotechnology. In research method, the questionnaire was designed for R&D cooperation between biotechnology firms in Taiwan for survey. Both factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze for the study. Empirical results show that the R&D cooperation of biotechnology firms should be established through the trust to effect the firm performance positively. Keywords: R&D Network, Trust, Firm Performance, Path Analysis

中小企業是台灣企業的主體，對於經濟發展扮演著重要的角色，而過去關於中小企業成長的研究主題相當多元，影響成長的因子亦相當多，但並無具體一致的結論。本研究嘗試以出口策略與研發策略做為影響中小企業成長的主要原因，並一併探討兩策略間的關係。 本研究以台灣上市公司之電子產業為研究對象，利用台灣經濟新報資料庫篩選出371家電子產業公司，其中符合本研究所設定之中小企業標準者共127家，以此127家2007年至2010年之資料做為研究樣本的範圍，並以各企業出口外銷比率、研發密集度做為判斷是否採取出口策略或研發創新策略的標準，探討其對於中小企業獲利成長率（以ROE成長率及ROA成長率衡量）的關係。 研究結果發現，採取出口策略對於中小企業獲利成長率並無明顯的影響；採取研發創新策略則對於中小企業獲利成長有顯著正面的影響；另外，同時採行兩策略對企業獲利也無明顯互補或替代的關係。 / Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are the main structural form of most companies in Taiwan and they play an important role in a whole to the development of the economy in Taiwan. Many past researches focus on factors affecting the growth of SMEs, but despite being informative, these researches are unstructured as in considering Taiwan’s business environment and often without specific conclusion of an overview picture in the reasoning of growth. Therefore, this study sought to explore the influence of export and R&D strategy on affecting the growth of SMEs. Furthermore, this study put a particular focus on unearthing the difference between these two strategies in company development. Using a qualitative methodology, the study presents data from TEJ(Taiwan Economic Journal database)selecting 127 electronic industrial companies out of a total of 371 as the representatives of growing enterprises. Out of these 127 samples, raw data of export ratio and R&D intensity was collected between the period 2007-2010 to determine the relationship of the strategies with the different standard of earnings growth rate for SMEs (ROE growth rate and ROA growth rate measurement). The results showed that the implement of export strategies has no significant impact on the growth of SME. However R & D and innovation strategy has significant positive influences on profit growth for SMEs; And as for those that implement both strategies at the same time, there are no significant complement or substitute relationship in regards with its profits.

在激烈的競爭環境下，汽車電子業者面對產品上市時間和產品成本的考驗，如何在這之中取得先機，為保持競爭力的一個重要因素在於將設計鏈與供應鏈適當的銜接起來，像是透過跨部門專案團隊的建立來有效整合研發與採購，當採購人員能夠早期投入研發設計，帶來不僅研發效率的提高，更加快了新產品上市的速度。 為了研究和了解現階段汽車電子業者的研採整合現況，本文以生產繼電器的A公司為研究對象，透過深入訪談和實地觀察整理，本次的研究有3個目的，首先，探討新產品研發過程中，研發與採購整合的問題，其次針對適合A公司的專案團隊整合模式的探討，最後探討研發採購整合模式所產生的效益。 經過蒐集A公司的基本資料以了解企業概況、產品組合、企業發展近況，其次透過實地查訪與訪談，進一步的了解公司內部研發部門與採購部門的互動模式，而後將所有資料彙整、分析與歸納，整理出目前研發部門與採購部門整合的癥結點，最後從中提出企業應改善的部分，並給予改善建議。 研究中發現研發人員與採購人員在整合的過程中，產生許多整合上的問題，我們將這些問題做一個簡單的歸類，分成三個領域來檢視：部門目標、溝通協調、產品開發程序。針對這三個領域的癥結點，本文結合文獻與訪談的結論，使研究能夠結合目前的產業狀況，給予研發與採購整合上更佳的建議。

由於資訊科技的發達，使全球資訊的分享加速，一方面使得企業創新的刺激源源不絕，另一方面也使得消費者的需求慾望越來越廣，造成產品生命週期不斷縮短，在現今的環境下，企業若要長久經營甚至維持成長，就必需積極從事創新之新產品開發。雖說新產品或技術的創新對企業的貢獻相當大，但研發專案往往存在高度不確定性且耗時耗力，一旦專案失敗，亦會對企業造成相當程度的傷害，導致許多企業望之卻步。因此，1960年代初期，Mansfield(1968)等學者開始從事研發支出費用與產業或公司生產力相關性的研究。其後，由於財報資料取得的方便性與客觀性，加上個別研發專案的效益較難追蹤、亦難以評估，大多數研發投入與研發績效相關的研究，首先，在變數上都是以財報上的財務數字為基礎，如研發費用、研發密度、公司獲利、營收等；其次，在研究個體上則是以企業整體為主。然而，過去許多研發投入與績效相關之研究，不論在投入面或效益面皆提出了許多非財務性的項目，此外，在現今即將邁入第四代研發管理的環境下，組織企業的研究發展工作多以「專案」的方式來進行，而非以年度企業整體預算進行管理。綜合上述兩點過去此類研究與實務上之落差，本研究採用經濟部工業局「主導性新產品開發計劃」之計劃成效追蹤問卷資料，以個別研發專案為研究對象，並將投入面擴大區分為成本、人力、時間三個構面，探討研發專案投入對非財務面之技術產出及財務績效之影響，期能彌補過去此類研究與實務上之落差。 本研究依照研發專案投入所產生之非財務與財務績效構面，分成兩大研究主題，研究結果顯示： 一、研發專案投入對技術產出之影響：專案投資金額對專利權與創新技術數有顯著正向的影響，專案研發人員之教育程度只對創新技術數有顯著正向之影響，研發時間與專案技術產出皆無顯著相關。 二、研發專案投入對財務產出之影響及其遞延效果：專案投資金額與專案研發人員之教育程度對開發產品銷售額具有顯著之正向影響，且從產品銷售第一年起，沒有時間上的落差，且專案投資金額之影響可延續三年，專案研發人員之教育程度之影響可延續兩年，研發時間與開發產品銷售額無顯著相關。 此外，吾人並針對實證結果與實務界人士進行訪談，瞭解與假說不符者之原因，結果發現：專案研發時間較長，不完全是因為企業願意投入較多的心力，有很大的可能是研發瓶頸的發生與研發人員的不效率，這些部份不但對專案產出沒有顯著貢獻，還可能危害專案的成功。 / As a result of the progression of information technology, the speed of information sharing is getting higher and higher. On one hand it makes companies get the stimulation of innovation more easily than before, on the other it also makes the desire of customers becomes wider and wider. Thus, the life cycles of all products in the world then become shorter and shorter. In this environment, companies who want to survive or even get growth have to do their development and research activities more aggressively than before. Although the benefits of R&D is great, lots of companies still shrink back at the sight. That’s because of the high uncertainty of R&D and the needs of huge amount of time and money, and companies always get incredible harm once they fail. Therefore, many researchers have tried to clarify the relationship between R&D inputs and R&D performance. Due to the accessibility and objectivity of financial report, the past researches in this field always used the information from financial reports, and set their research objects as the whole companies. But many researchers have pointed out that there are not only financial inputs and outputs of R&D activities but also non-financial ones. In the global trend to 4th generation of R&D management, R&D organizations have changed their management way form total budgeting to project management. To eliminate these two gaps between theory and practice, in this research we use the questionnaire data of Leading Product Development Programs from Industrial Development Bureau Ministry of Economic Affairs to make our research stand on a project view point and get other non-financial inputs and outputs data that we can’t get from financial reports. Hope we can earn more practical results to help companies making their decisions of R&D activities. According to the two perspectives of R&D project performances, non-financial and financial, we separated this research into two subjects, the results showed that: 1. The effects of R&D project inputs on technical outputs: we found that the project dollar investment has significant effect on the number of patents and innovative techniques, and the education degree of the project’s R&D engineers only has significant effect on innovative techniques but on patents. On the other hand, R&D time of the project has no significant effect on both patents and innovative techniques. 2. The effects of R&D project inputs on financial performance, their time-lag effect and their continuity: we found that project dollar investment has significant effect on sales of the product that developed from the project since the first year it was sold, which means the time-lag doesn’t exist in this situation, and this effect can last for three years or even more. The education degree of the project’s R&D engineers has significant effect on sales of the product that developed from the project, from the first year it was sold. So, there is no time-lag, but this effect can only last two years. Besides, R&D time of the project has no significant effect on any year’s sales of the product that developed from the project. Finally, we have interviewed some practitioners discussing about our results that were not consistent with our hypotheses. According to their opinions, the reason why some projects spend longer R&D time is not just because those companies intend to pay more effort on those projects. It also includes the inefficiency of R&D engineer and the bottleneck of that project. These inefficiency and bottlenecks are not only non-value-added but also sometimes harmful to a R&D project. That’s why we found in this research that there is no significant relationship between R&D time of a project and its performances, neither financial performances nor non-financial ones.

知識經濟時代與全球化潮流下，創新是廠商提升自我競爭力的重要途徑。創新乃原始概念到將知識商業化的一連串過程，而過去探討廠商創新的研究取向多元，研究觀點則以經濟地理學、企業管理學為主，綜合相關研究，大致可將影響廠商創新的因素歸類為三大面向：廠商內部屬性、對外網絡連結關係、廠商所處地區的環境條件。其中，創新氛圍乃是特定地區的行動者透過偕同作用及集體學習過程所產生的社會關係，提升了地區的創新能力，同時提供有利於廠商創新的環境條件，是近來區域發展的重要議題。本研究即綜合上述三大面向因素來探討廠商創新活動(研發投入與研發合作)與創新成效之影響因素。 創新氛圍理論從早期”某種東西之地方化”的探討，演變到後期關注於地方生產系統的運作是受到地區創新氛圍的影響所致；其中，創新氛圍量化指標的缺乏、探討領域的侷限，乃是本研究所要突破之處。本研究以工業區分佈情形、自然與人文界線、通勤圈範圍等原則，先將台灣地區分為46個地區分析單元，再參酌地方生產系統概念，以兩個指標：LQ大於1與製造業就業員工數大於50000人，篩選出26個地區作為研究範圍，最後以科技與傳統產業LQ大於1指標，區別出9個科技產業群聚地區、17個傳統產業群聚地區，藉以比較不同產業領域、地區發展程度不同之創新氛圍。準此，本研究以8個創新氛圍的相關指標，經過因素分析後萃取出2個創新氛圍因素：「創新綜效」、「創新成效」；藉此將台灣46個地區劃分為4種創新氛圍類型：創新氛圍、有創新無氛圍、有氛圍與創新、無創新無氛圍。 於廠商創新活動與成效實證分析方面，本研究採取兩個階段進行，分別皆以三個面向因素(廠商內部屬性、研發合作、地區創新氛圍)的影響因素來探討廠商創新活動與成效之差異。針對創新氛圍方面，於第一階段以不同產業群聚地區的虛擬變數作為隱含地區創新氛圍的概念，測試其對廠商創新活動與成效的影響，第二階段則以地區創新氛圍因素(創新綜效、創新成效)進行科技與傳統產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效之測試。整體研究結果顯示，科技產業群聚地區的廠商傾向自身的研發投入，而傳統產業群聚地區的廠商則多以研發合作居多，但科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效較佳；地區創新氛圍確實對於廠商的創新活動與成效有顯著的影響，尤其對於科技產業群聚地區的廠商創新成效更有顯著的貢獻；而研發合作對於廠商創新成效的影響則不如預期。因此，從基礎產業發展環境、知識設施的聚集、地區網絡的建構等方面，來促使各地區創新氛圍之形塑，將有利於地區廠商的創新，特別應加強傳統產業群聚地區的創新氛圍；此外，提倡廠商強化內部基本體質亦是促進廠商創新效率之關鍵所在。 / Under the wind of the knowledge-based economics and globalization, innovation is an important way for firms to increase their own competitiveness. Innovation is the process from original concept to business. The past researches on firm innovation branch widely, most focus on economic geography and corporation management. From those related researches, we can simplify the elements which can influence the innovation of the firm into three: firms’ inner attributes, relation of the connection to outside network, and the environment of the area which firms located. Innovation milieu is the social relationship which actors in the area could make it happen through interactions and group learning, which can advance the area’s innovation ability, and give the good environment condition for firms to innovate. Innovative milieu is the important issue in the present regional development researches, this research will integrate the three elements to discuss the influence on firms innovation activities and innovation success. The theory of the innovative milieu have transformed from discussion of “the localization of something” to focus on the relation of the work of the regional production system and the local innovative milieu. But, the lack of the quantification indicator, and the territory of the research field still need to break through, and is the focus of this research. This research divide Taiwan into 46 analysis area unit, then bring into the concept of the local production system, use two indicators to choose 26 elements as the scope of the research, and farther define 26 analysis area unit into 9 technology industry cluster area, and 17 traditional industry cluster area, to compare the differences of the industry field and the level of the development of the innovation milieu. This research take 8 innovative milieu related indexes, and compress into 2 indexes: “innovation synergy” and “innovation success” through the content analysis; this research use these two indexes to divide 46 areas of Taiwan into 4 types of innovation milieu: innovative milieu, no innovative milieu, innovation but without milieu, and milieu but without innovation. On the analysis of the firms’ innovation activities and the success, this research take two steps to discuss. At the first step, this research use the dummy variables of the different industry cluster area as the concept of the regional innovative milieu, to check the influence it could make on the firms innovation activities and the success; At the second step, this research use regional innovative milieu indexes to check the firms’ innovation success of the traditional and technology industry cluster area. The whole research shows that the firms of technology industry aggregation area are tend to invest on their own R&D, which the firms of traditional industry aggregation area often do their R&D by cooperating with others, and the innovation outcome of firms of the technology industry aggregation area is better. The regional innovative milieu has the conspicuous influence on the firms innovation activities and the success, especially to the technology industry cluster area, but the influence which the R&D cooperation could make on the innovation outcome is not good as expect. Thus, the making of the basic environment of the industry development, the aggregation of the knowledge facilities, and the build of the local network is the good impact for local firms to innovate, especially for the traditional industry aggregation area ones. At the same time, to reinforce the firms’ inner constitution is also the key to promote the firms innovation.