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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

環境與自然資源經濟的三個議題 / Three Essays on Environmental and Natural Resource Economics

洪志銘, Hung,Chih-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
本論文由三篇文章所構成。第二章主要針對參考點(reference points)的選擇問題。在綠色國民所得帳中,選擇哪個參考點作為扣除環境質損與自然資源折耗是很重要的。由於既有文獻中的參考點選擇大多過於極端,本文遂針對文獻上的缺失,建議以法定的環保標準做為參考點,使得環境質損、環境效益、自然資源折耗與服務都可顯示出來。 第三章則以台灣的烏魚業為對象,以不合作賽局分析大陸漁民在烏魚迴游路徑上捕魚以及溫室效應對台灣漁業及消費者造成的影響。 第四章則指出Huang and Cai (1994)一文在理論模型設計上的問題,並提出改正,以使其論點獲得支持。 / This dissertation is made up of three essays that address the issues of green net national product, renewable resources and pollution externalities. In Chapter 2, the issue of choosing reference points is discussed. The reference point is a key parameter for estimating the values of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion that are used to adjust the Net National Product. Most of the reference points used in the literature are extreme points in the spectrum of environmental quality and may thus result in estimated values of degradation and depletion that are not consistent with the standard theory of environmental economics. In this chapter, we argue that by using clearly defined standards as reference points, e.g., environmental quality standards, for managing environmental quality and natural resources, correct values of environmental degradation and services, and natural resource depletion and direct nature services, as well as green NNP can emerge. In Chapter 3, we examine the problem of non-cooperative fishing between Mainland China (MC) and Taiwan (TW) as well as the effects of rising sea surface temperature (SST) on the grey mullet fishery. By setting the three stages of the non-cooperative game, it is shown that the expansion of the fleets in MC and the rising SST cause the rent obtained from the TW fishery to decline, and that Taiwan may partially offset such an adverse effect by adjusting its fleet size. This essay also shows that Taiwan can expand its fleet to a greater extent when facing an imperfectly elastic demand for fish than when facing a perfectly elastic demand. In addition, when consumer welfare is included in the determination of the size of the fleet, fleet size can expand more than when profit is considered alone. In Chapter 4, we point out the problems in Huang and Cai (1994) that arise from the absence of a “pollution externality.” We modify their model by introducing the emission tax and find that it supports Huang and Cai (1994)’s claim that the share of private abatement expenditure is constant at all times, a claim that is criticized by Shieh, et al. (2001).
32

台灣綠色電價政策之關鍵因素研究 / The Study on Key Factors of the Green Power Pricing Policy in Taiwan

陳秋伶, Chen, Chiu Ling Unknown Date (has links)
為了因應全球暖化,鼓勵再生能源發展,先進國家逐步推動「綠色電價」。由於再生能源發電成本較一般傳統電力成本來得高,故再生能源電能之價格也會高於傳統電能之價格。對於高成本高售價之再生能源電能,多數國家在市場上透過用電戶自願認購方式進行銷售,並收取所謂的綠色電價,以作為綠色電力基金之來源,或作為未來發展再生能源之資金來源。透過這樣的制度,可以讓整體社會共同參與環境保護的工作,也可提高人民的環保意識和各界環境責任感,也可籌措再生能源發展所需的資金。 本研究透過問卷調查法,以網路問卷-Google Form發放,觀察並探討民眾對於綠色電價政策之購買意願,以及民眾對於當前政策之考量,透過ANOVA檢定,分析民眾填答問卷之結果,了解民眾本身對於環保問題的認知與意識,及民眾對於綠色電價政策之考量因素主要為何。根據問卷分析與檢定結果發現:多數民眾對於綠色電價的概念仍然相當模糊,但是大多會選擇購買綠色電價。 其次是對於本文所歸納的五個政策因素考量存有疑慮-政府政策宣導、綠色電價的制度設計、相關法規制定、執行單位之效能,以及支付額外的綠色電價對國人經濟上的負擔。五項當中,又以執行單位可能效能不佳之疑慮評分為最高。 本研究另外發現,民眾對於綠色電價的願付價格,接受度最高的是綠色電價比一般電價貴10%以下,意即在回收的221份問卷中,當綠電價格每度低於3.18元,一般民眾有五成以上會選購,與目前綠電價格設定3.96元存有落差。據此,在綠色電價政策推行上,和實際民眾購買意願之間,應該如何制訂一個合理的綠色電價,是需要仰賴國內產、官、學各界充分討論,以及民眾意見妥善表達,在國家與社會民眾間,取得一個平衡點,並且參考各先進國家發展自願性綠色電價之經驗。如此,方能在國家發展經濟的同時,又能兼顧環境保護和節能減碳,達到國家永續發展之政策目標。 / In response to global warming, the development of renewable energy is encouraged. Advanced countries are gradually promoting “green power pricing programs”. Due to the higher generating costs of renewable energy’s electricity than conventional one, therefore renewable energy electricity prices will be definitely higher than traditional electric energy prices. The high cost of renewable energy’s electricity pushes most countries in the market to sell this type of electricity to consumers through a voluntary subscription mode and charge a so-called green power pricing. Using green power as a source of funds or as the future development of renewable energy funding sources and with such a system, you can make the whole society participate in environmental protection work. People from all walks of life will have their environmental awareness and responsibility adequately improved. This study uses an online questionnaire-Google Form to survey, observe and explore the public’s reaction towards green power pricing policy, its willingness to purchase and its considerations for the current policies. Through the ANOVA test and the analysis of the results of the survey to understand the public’s cognition and awareness of environmental issues and the public’s main considerations towards the green power pricing policy, for most people such concept is still quite vague but anyhow they will choose to buy green. Secondly, this article summarizes five policy factors for consideration –doubts about government policy and advocacy, the designing of the green power pricing system, the related laws and regulations, the performance of the executive units and the payment of the green power pricing adding to the economic burden of the people. In the above five points, the poor performance of the units will, undoubtedly, carry the highest score. This study also found that the public is willing to pay for green power pricing and there is even a higher acceptance if the price would not exceed more than 10% of conventional electricity price. In other words, according to the response of 221 questionnaires, if the green power price lower than NT$3.18 /kWh, there will be half of people to purchase it. This study conducted a gap analysis between the current green power price-NT$3.96 /kWh and the price people accepted generally. Accordingly, the implementation of a policy on green electricity and the real willingness of the people to purchase such electricity depend on how reasonable the green tariff is. The industry, the government , the academia should all express their opinions. The state and the society must seek and strike a balance while referring to the development of green energy voluntary subscription tariffs in advanced countries. In this way, while simultaneously developing the economy of the country and taking into account the environment protection, energy saving and carbon reduction, we can reach our national goals of achieving a sustainable development.
33

綠色供應鏈中,供應商管理方法對交換成本 影響之探討—以台灣電子製造業為例 / The effect of supplier management practices on exchange costs in green supply chain—an empirical study on Taiwan’s electronics manufacturing industry

林筱雯, Lin, Hsiao Wen Unknown Date (has links)
由於環境保護議題的興起,以歐盟為首,各國對電子相關產品相繼遞出各種法規限制,企業為了因應綠色潮流與各國法規之要求,與供應商體系的緊密配合更顯重要,在此情境之下,企業如何選擇供應商管理的方法,與供應商共同面對綠色趨勢與漸趨嚴苛的法規規定,並且同時避免在交易過程中所衍生出的各種阻礙廠商之間交易效率的成本是本研究之研究重點。 本研究從綠色供應鏈管理的角度出發,以台灣電子製造業為研究對象,了解企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度,兩者對供應商管理方法的選擇、以及企業與供應商交易的過程中所衍生的各種交換成本,即外顯單位效益成本、資訊搜尋成本、道德危機成本與專屬資產陷入成本之影響,並進一步找出對這四個交換成本有顯著影響的供應商管理方法為何。 本研究採用問卷調查的方式,以1263家的台灣電子業上市公司作為抽樣對象,於回收的173份有效樣本之統計分析結果顯示:企業對關鍵零組件供應商的依賴程度、以及企業本身投入綠色活動的積極度,兩者會造成企業在選擇供應商管理方法上有所不同,因而對交換成本有不同程度之影響。當企業投入綠色活動的意願愈高,愈會選擇多種的供應商管理方法來加強對供應商的控制,藉以確保供應商提供的商品能符合企業的需求,而這類型的企業在與供應商交易的過程中,總體的交換成本是相對較低的;相反地,當企業較不積極地投入綠色相關的活動時,也會較不投入於供應商管理,總體的交換成本較高,特別是在企業對供應商的依賴程度愈低時,整體的交換成本愈高。而在供應商管理方法中,最能有效降低交換成本的方法為「關係品質」,即企業與供應商之間擁有共同的目標、將品質列為優先考量、彼此之間存在信任、並且了解雙方的需求。
34

應用區塊鏈技術設計具資料隱私性之綠色供應鏈管理平台框架 / Using Blockchain Technology to Design a Green Supply Chain Management Information Platform Framework with Data Privacy

黃方佐 Unknown Date (has links)
在今日,實施綠色供應鏈管理不僅是遵守法規規範,更積極的是實施綠色供應鏈管理可為企業帶來更多競爭優勢,因此綠色供應鏈管理對企業而言越來越是值得探討與重視的議題。 目前綠色供應鏈管理平台的建立普遍是依賴政府或是第三方機構建立資料交換的機制,或是串接供應鏈上各個企業不同的企業系統達到資料交換的目的,然而這樣的做法有其風險。因為物料資料對企業來說是敏感且有價值的,企業須對提供儲存、資料交換服務的平台有高度信任度,且整個系統亦有中央集權式系統架構之缺陷。運用區塊鏈技術的特性可以解決這樣的問題,區塊鏈技術提供資料永久保存、不可篡改的分散式系統解決方案。本研究更近一步將區塊鏈技術結合加解密機制,讓資料僅有提供者本身以及其同意之查詢者能讀取,如此一來使得區塊鏈系統更具資料隱私之特性,並透過區塊鏈外部儲存系統的設計使儲存空間更易規模化,使得綠色供應鏈中大量、有價值物料資料之儲存、交換且須高度信賴物料資料不被篡改以及綠色認證不被篡改、偽造的這些議題能被解決。 / Nowadays, the implementation of green supply chain management system can bring more competitive advantages for enterprises. This issue is increasingly worthy of discussion. Until now, the establishment of green supply chain management platform generally depends on the government or third parties building the mechanism of exchanging the information, and connecting the various enterprises of different enterprises on supply chain to achieve the purpose of data exchange. However, the approach has risks. The features of blockchain technology can provide permanent preservation and tamper-proof system through the decentralized system solutions. Moreover, this study combines with data-privacy design and off-blockchain storage design to solve the problems of storaging and exchanging the valuable data and ensure material information and green certifications are tamper-proof.
35

綠色品質風險管控模型之研究 / Green Quality Risk Management Model

王昭珷, Wang,Chao Pin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在利用風險管控的方式,來協助電子製造業建立一套可有效的維持產品的綠色品質並降低產品的綠色風險的綠色品質風險管控模型,使得企業不致因產品在出貨後,被檢測出違反RoHS指令而使企業被罰以巨額款項並損失商譽。 回顧1997年12月聯合國氣候變化框架公約(UNFCCC)參加國第三次會議在日本京都舉行,並簽定了[京都議定書]之後,各國陸續制定出其各自的環保法令,其中又以歐盟於2003年2月通過並於2006年7月1日起實施限制鉛,鎘,汞,六價鉻,多溴聯苯,多溴聯苯醚等六項有害物質的RoHS指令的影響範圍最大且最為直接的影響到我國的產業,從而引發起了本研究的動機。 本研究透過與訪談個案的合作,實際從分析個案的產品研發生產的作業中,由影響RoHS的角度從作業一直剖析到管控內容,進而找到會影響RoHS品質不良的16個風險因子,並透過建立的監控系統來進行風險因子的資料採樣,最後經由羅吉斯迴歸模型,建立出一套風險計算模型,以連接RoHS風險因子的監控系統而成為一套綠色品質風險管控模型。 / The objective of this research is to help electronic manufacturers to establish a Green Quality Risk Management Model, which can effectively keep green quality and decrease green quality risk of products. Consequently, companies can prevent huge amount of fine and goodwill impairment caused by RoHS violation of their shipments. After the participants of UNFCCC held the third meeting in Kyoto, Japan and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 1997, every country created its environmental regulations in secession. Among those regulations, the RoHS directive, which prohibits the usage of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Hexavalent chromium (Cr6+), Polybrominated biphenyls (PBB)and Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), adopted in February 2003 and activated in January 2006 by the European Union resulted in most pervasive and direct impact on Taiwanese industry, consequently creating the incentive for this research. By the cooperation of case interview, this research analyze the research and development operations of interviewees with the perspectives from primary operations to floor control in order to identify sixteen risk factors of RoHS quality, and sample the data of risk factors with established control system. Finally, a green quality risk management model was created by the establishment of a risk computation model in connection with RoHS risk factor control system was established using Logistic Regression model.
36

綠色稅制改革所得重分配之研究 / Study on income distribution of green tax reform

許景威 Unknown Date (has links)
綠色稅制改革始於1990年代,在此前歐美主要稅收所得來源為所得稅,隨著歐美國家面臨經濟與財政困境,課稅項目漸漸地轉向環境稅,最先實施的國家為北歐國家,目前我國正面臨經濟衰退,且新政府上任後,增稅政策屢屢遭到民眾的反彈,有些學者認為,環境稅有辦法達成「雙重紅利」,既能增進環境品質且改善所得分配,不失為一向好的課稅工具。 本研究以民國100年行政院主計處的「產業關聯表」與「家庭收支調查報告」估計綠色稅制改革的所得重分配效果,利用投入產出分析法,估計環境稅對於消費支出項目價格影響,再將環境稅稅收金額作為所得稅減免與移轉收入減免用途,最後估計吉尼係數,觀察實施綠色稅制改革後的所得重分配效果。 實證結果顯示,環境稅是一具有累退性質之租稅,故單純課徵環境稅會造成所得分配惡化,且課徵越高之金額,所得分配惡化越嚴重;實施綠色稅制改革後,所得分配都較原始值平均,且綠色稅制改革金額越大之方案,改善所得分配效果則越好。
37

綠色供應鏈協同運作策略之研究--以資訊製造業個案公司為例

謝成章 Unknown Date (has links)
在全球化的經濟蓬勃發展下,環保事件層出不窮,地球環境遭受重大破壞,各種環保議題引起國際矚目與熱烈討論。歐洲議會在2003年初公布了針對十項電機電子設備的兩個環保相關規範,分別是歐盟電機電子設備有害物質限制使用指令(RoHS)與歐盟電機電子設備廢棄物指令(WEEE),另外,歐盟能源使用產品生態化設計指令(EuP)也已在2005年8月11日公布,這些指令對相關產業的營運與發展將造成重大衝擊,其影響深遠供應鏈上下游成員無一倖免。 產業界為因應此一環保規範限制,將環境因素納入到傳統供應鏈管理當中,而形成了所謂「綠色供應鏈管理」的熱門議題。其主要差異乃是後者將生命週期思維融入產品設計、製造、使用與最終的廢棄回收處理的整個範疇。 本研究嘗試由資訊製造業的個案公司實際發展綠色供應鏈的過程中,以個案分析的方式收集其產品發展流程的各種資料,包括綠色設計、綠色採購、綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色資訊平台建置等,並予以整理分析,建立個案公司的綠色供應鏈管理策略架構與協同運作模式。 本研究結果顯示綠色供應鏈管理策略的核心是「源頭管理」,源頭管理落實之後,加上其所衍生出來的綠色供應商評鑑與稽核、綠色產品管理系統、綠色資訊整合等各項活動,始能達到符合環保規範的目標,做到完整的風險控管,讓企業穩健發展。同時,本研究也顯示,建立協同設計機制及PDM資訊平台可以有效分析處理供應鏈上下成員間流通的資料,譬如,原物料、零組件等源頭綠色資料被有效地整合於綠色資訊平台,企業因應環保法規落實到資訊管理裡,營運風險因而獲得保障。 / Accompanying the vigorous economic development, the environment of the earth has been impacted tremendously. There are so many environmental issues that occurred in past decades turning into hot topics among nations. European Parliament published RoHS, and WEEE Directives in early 2003 that mandate ten categories of electric and electronic equipments to be restricted in the use of hazardous substances and wastes disposal respectively. Also, the setting of ecodesign requirement for Energy-Using Products newly announced in August of 2005. All the three mandatory EU Directives has definitely influenced significantly the foregoing development of the related industries. To react to the environmental regulations, the industries try to put environmental element into conventional Supply Chain Management, SCM. Thus, come out with Green SCM. The key differences are the latter mingling life cycle thought through out the whole scope of product life span. This research attempt to establish a collaborative structure and strategy for Green Supply Chain Management, by means of analyzing the information collected from the real developing process, including green design, green procurement, green suppliers’ appraisal, building up green information platform, of an information manufacturing firm. The research revealed that the core strategy of Green SCM is “Source Management”. Only if source management has fully implemented at the site of raw materials and component manufacturers, the environmental regulations can compliant thoroughly. Thus, the risk management is well controlled, so that the firm would operate soundly. Meanwhile, the research also showed that building up collaborative mechanism to link with PDM platform may process effectively the flowing data between the parties of supply chain. As a result, the restricted hazardous substances data of raw material and components are integrated into the green information platform and well managed. The operation risk of enterprise would be secured because of the entire implementation of information management for the environment regulations.
38

移動污染源空氣污染減量之政策工具有效性分析 ── 台灣地區實證研究

梁瀞云 Unknown Date (has links)
機動車輛已成為空氣污染的首要污染來源之一,其所排放大量的一氧化碳、二氧化碳對地方乃至於全球環境皆造成不利的影響。為了因應環境污染與溫室效應,各國除了採取行政管制措施外,亦引進經濟誘因工具來落實污染者付費的原則。本研究的目的即是探討,台灣地區目前所實施的政策工具對於減少來自移動污染源的污染排放量的有效性。 本文利用台灣地區二十三個縣市 1998 年至 2006 年共九年的追蹤資料,以兩種模型進行實證:第一個模型採用的是一階差分後的普通最小平方法迴歸模型,可避免假性迴歸的問題發生;第二個模型為似不相關迴歸模型,藉由誤差項間的關聯性來結合北部、中部、東部、南部四個地區的迴歸式,觀察政策工具在不同區域間對污染減量的效果。 實證結果顯示,管制與稅費這兩種政策工具確實會對移動污染源產生的空氣污染有相當的抑制效果;但是相較之下,管制措施的影響力相對於稅費的徵收來得明顯。因此,已知管制工具具有環境保護的政策有效性外,若欲使得稅費政策對空氣污染減量也有更明顯的成效,便應實施綠色租稅改革,以期能夠對生活環境產生良好的改善。 / Due to its high share in total air pollutant emissions, mobile pollution source is an issue of particular consideration. Vehicles produce large volumes of emissions such as CO, CO2, and so on. These gases can be detrimental to local, regional and global environment. With the increasing concern over rising pollution levels and greenhouse effect, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different environmental policy instruments which are used to reduce mobile source air pollution.   For this paper, a case study of Taiwan is demonstrated for the estimation. Using the first-differenced panel data collected from 1998 to 2006, we use two models, namely “Ordinary least square model” and “Seemingly unrelated regression model” to investigate whether the command and control policy or the economic-incentive tax strategy is better for emission abatement. The first-differenced ordinary least square model can be used to avoid spurious regression, and the seemingly unrelated regression system integrates four sub-equations by assuming their disturbances are correlated, explaining some phenomenon in different areas.   The result shows that both control and tax strategies are worthwhile to be adopted. However, regulation policy results in cutting down much more CO and CO2 than using the excise taxes and fuel fees as an environmental instrument. Therefore, we conclude that it is required to implement the green tax system reform in order to create beneficial changes in our life.
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臺灣電子零組件廠商品質策略的研究--以台達電為例 / The Case Study of Quality Assurance Strategy for Delta Electronics, INC. in Taiwan

鄭子建, Cheng, Tzi Chien Unknown Date (has links)
從設計、材料、製造到管理的品質是追求卓越品質的關鍵成功因素,而卓越的品質產品是能夠留住顧客的重要因素之一。 本研究借由對個案公司的深入訪談與分析,整理近5年來品質績效資料及訪談的結果,依重要性與急迫性四象限分類,確認問題的所在,再作深入的設計、材料、製造及管理品質的要因分析。在面對未來更為競爭及多變的環境下,經由波特的五力分析模式,探討零組件產業的競爭環境,同時運用優勢、劣勢、機會與威脅的相互交叉,分析個案公司所在的產業環境,找出面對的問題與挑戰,以調整品質保證策略的方向。因本研究採個案研究方式,主要結論如下: 一、電子零組件專業製造廠商的品質保證關鍵成功因素為: 穩健性產品設計的品質工程能力、專業的製程工程能力及快速的改善效能、良好的供應商、變異小(5~6 sigma range)的材料、專業的一流管理及工程人才、及健全的品質系統。 二、從個案公司的經營使命「環保、節能、愛地球」,因應國際品質保證標準及環保要求的分析來看,個案公司已經主動提昇系統品質的策略,將品質系統提昇到「對社會負責的企業」,並積極投入「綠色設計」的產品研發。 三、品質保證策略是整體性的,要達到品質產品的目的,個案公司運用同步工程同時從設計、製造、材料及管理去努力。 個案公司的品質保證策略,是以六標準差(6-Sigma)為主要改善工具,精進設計及製程的DFx並相互檢討,並導入在品質系統中,以達到零ppm 的境界。 四、良好的供應商、及品質穩定且變異性在合理的一定範圍裡的原材料,對個案公司的品質及供應商管理的成本有非常密切的影響,選擇具有良好競爭力的供應商、再有完善的供應商管理制度及真正落實執行供應商的獎懲,是確保供應商材料品質及個案公司的品質產品的最佳手法。 五、好的經營使命、好的政策理念、好的策略、及完善的管理制度及流程,一定要有一流的人才及有效能的組織去落實,因此,個案公司必須積極的規劃執行「人才培育」、外聘管理及工程的國際化「專業經理人」,同時對於品管組織應予以獨立,以便能徹底執行品質保證的要求。 卓越的設計、材料、製造及管理品質,可透過平衡計分卡的顧客滿意度來確認,而內部的績效,經由財務面的品質成本,作業流程面的直通率,以及學習面的六標準差及DFx成果來驗證品質保證策略的方向是否正確。 關鍵詞:品質保證、關鍵成功因素、綠色設計、平衡計分卡、六標準差
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伊朗最高宗教領袖與核能政策 演變關係之探討:2009年到2015年 / The linkage of Iranian supreme leader and the evolution of nuclear policy: 2009-2015

王宣文 Unknown Date (has links)
自2002年秘密運作的核能設施曝光後,伊朗的核能政策一直是國際爭點且令人費解。若要討論伊朗核能政策是如何產出及其未來的走勢,本文認為伊朗本身的動機才是決定核能政策的關鍵。 本文以「個人-國內政治-國際政治」三層次作為分析架構,首先討論核能政策的發展歷程及其對伊朗的意義;其次分析伊朗最高宗教領袖Khamenei及伊朗政治派系如何影響核能政策;最後聚焦於2009年綠色運動後至2015年JCPOA簽訂這段期間,伊朗最高宗教領袖Khamenei與核能政策演變的關係。 本文發現伊朗的政治菁英對核能政策有高度共識,認為發展核能政策代表著實踐伊朗的大國意識與民族尊嚴、經濟與能源多元化的自主發展以及安全上的保障。另外,從政治派系角度出發,核能政策也被視為派系鬥爭中的槓桿,是政治菁英獲得權力的工具。同時,基於伊朗特殊的政治體制--教法學家體系,最高宗教領袖Khamenei為伊朗權力體系中的第一人,其態度與政治取向決定了核能政策的走向。而在最高宗教領袖Khamenei決定核能政策的走向時,其必須將國內外政經局勢納入考量,並時時權衡當前的局勢是否會影響其作為最高宗教領袖的合法性。本文認為,若能繼續對最高宗教領袖Khamenei加以觀察,並分析其與國內政治派系的互動,將有助於未來對伊朗核能政策的了解並對伊朗政治帶來更全面的研究。

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