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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

被併公司董事會成員之於主併公司企業社會責任績效 / Post merger target board-director impacts on the acquirer's corporate social responsibility

彭馨儀, Peng, Hsin-Yi Unknown Date (has links)
企業社會責任對於企業經營之重要性日益提高,本文研究標的為公司企業社會責任之提昇,將藉由併購事件,關注被併公司董事會成員的加入與主併公司併購前後企業社會責任績效差異之關聯。本文使用單變量分析法及最小平方法。實證結果主要有兩個發現,首先,不論併購前被併公司之企業社會責任績效較主併公司好或壞,被併公司董事會成員加入主併公司對於主併公司之企業社會責任績效有負向的影響。顯示被併公司董事會成員之加入整體而言降低了併購後公司的企業社會責任能力及資源運用。第二,當被併公司之企業社會責任績效好時,前述的負向效果顯著較被併公司之企業社會責任績效壞時小,顯示來自企業社會責任績效較好的董事會成員可以減低此負向效果。 本文貢獻主要有三,第一,過去少有同時結合併購、董事會成員變化、企業社會責任績效三項議題之文獻,透過這三項議題,能幫助我們從不同的角度來探討董事會成員與企業社會責任績效的關聯。第二,併購後被併公司董事會成員加入主併公司與企業社會責任之關聯過去少有文獻提及,本研究有利於後續關於董事會新成員之決策效率等方面之研究。第三,本文發現不同來源之被併公司董事會成員可以為帶來不同程度的效果,後續可研究董事會成員是否能帶給主併公司學習效果。 / This thesis examines the relevance of post-merger target board directorship on the acquirer’s corporate social responsibility (CSR). Our empirical results suggest that appointing board directors from target would impair the CSR performance of the acquirer, and that, acquiring a more socially responsible target would in fact alleviated such negative impact. Our findings add to the surprisingly scarce literature on the relationship between board directorship and CSR performance under the context of merge and acquisitions. Most important, we provide new insights on post-merger acquirer CSR performance in consequence of director appointments from social responsible/irresponsible targets.
42

論公開發行公司財務報告不實之民事責任--以董事責任為中心

吳啟順 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來公司財報不實之案件屢見不鮮,如美國的安隆(Enron)、世界通訊(WorldCom)、全錄(Xerox)、默克藥廠(Merck)等一連串公司爆發財報不實之情形,二○○四年日本的西武鐵道、日本テレビ放送網公司也傳出財務報表虛偽記載的消息,而我國從早期的丸億案到近期引起軒然大波的博達案,也都涉及到虛飾財務報表以掩飾公司財務狀況不佳的問題。鑑於公司董事依公司法第228條為財報之編製主體,其能否善盡其職責攸關財報之正確性與否。復考量到相較於刑事責任,民事責任之成立與否與廣大投資人求償的可能性較具關連,故本文限縮研究重心於公開發行公司董事就財報不實應負之民事責任。 由於我國證交法或公司法上關於公開發行公司董事財報不實之民事責任規定,多係參考美國法或日本法之規定,故本文於架構上於第二章及第三章部分先行探討美國法、日本法上董事財報不實之民事責任規定,最後再藉比較法觀點,於第四章部分檢討我國現行公開發行公司董事財報不實之民事責任規定。 本文以為我國法上公開發行公司財報不實董事之民事責任,可分為第三人責任與對公司責任兩個面向予以觀察。就對於第三人責任,主要規範於證交法第20條第1項證券詐欺規定、同條第2項資訊不實規定,以及第32條公開說明書不實規定。惟此等規定賠償義務人範圍、主觀要件、請求權人、適用範圍,甚至是請求賠償時之因果關係證明及損害賠償範圍,學說及實務判決上常有不同看法,應有確立該等規定構成要件內涵之必要性。另外公司法第23條第2項公司負責人之侵權行為責任、民法第28條法人之侵權行為責任規定,亦涉及董事於財報不實時對第三人之責任。 董事於財報不實時對公司之責任方面,主要檢討董事有無違反公司法第23條第1項善良管理人之注意義務。此外,關於美國、日本法上之董事責任減免機制,我國法上僅有公司法第231條股東會承認會計表冊規定及董事責任保險制度較為相關。惟本文以為在現行股東代位訴訟制度尚未修正前,並無引進與其配套之董事責任減免機制之必要。 至於獨立董事與內部董事責任應否區分?本文考量到獨立董事依公司法規定仍為執行業務者,且獨立董事與內部董事現實運作上難以劃定責任區分之標準,認為於我國現行法下,獨立董事與內部董事就財報不實所負之民事責任並無區分之必要。
43

我國企業董事會功能之研究

李俊德, Li, Zun-De Unknown Date (has links)
董事會為企業主要決策中心,欲健全企業經營,首應發揮企董事會之功能。本論文乃 在闡述董事會功能如何發揮,以提高企業經營效率。 第一章「緒論」,訧本論文之研究動機及目的,研究架構、研究對象、方法及限制說 明之。 第二章「企業董事會之組織」就董事會的組織結構探討,包括董事會組織型態,職權 及其規模。董事之選任與酬勞等。 第三章「企業董事會執行運作」在說明董事佰權力來源,職權的行使方式,決策規劃 過程及董事會會議的運作等。 第四章「我國企業董事會現況分析」乃就我國企業目前企業董事會之情況加以調查分 析。 第五章「企業董事未能發揮功能原因」乃就調查分析結果,檢討企業董事會無法發揮 其功能的主要原因。 第六章「企業董事會功能之強化」企業董事會功能強化乃在,健全董事個人特質,董 事會的有效運作,有關法律的配合,及企業整體各項資源的協助。 第七章「結論及建議」。
44

董事身份特性與董監經理人相關資訊揭露程度關係之研究

李亭誼 Unknown Date (has links)
企業須揭露的資訊,並不以財務資訊,甚至營運資訊為已足。美國標準普爾公司所做的公司透明度與揭露調查,不僅包括財務資訊,也注重非財務資訊。這些非財務資訊包括所有權之結構及與投資者之關係,以及董事會結構與運作過程二類資訊。OECD建議,企業至少應揭露七項資訊中,有一項為「董事會成員及主要經營階層,及其報酬」,可見「董監經理人相關資訊」的重要性,不亞於財務資訊與營運資訊。但我國企業所揭露的非財務資訊,常有不足,且國際評等機構對我國企業資訊揭露的評價亦不高。 本研究認為,若能掌握影響企業董監經理人相關資訊揭露程度之因素,將有助於我國企業透明度之提升。在我國公司法制的設計下,企業資訊之揭露係由董事會負責,然董事會是否重視資訊揭露,可能與其成員之身份特性有關。因此,本研究欲檢視董事成員身份特性因素是否是影響董監經理人相關資訊揭露程度的重要因素。 本研究為我國首次關注企業非財務、營運資訊之揭露,所關心的資訊包括董監經理人之背景能力與薪資酬勞二類資訊。資訊揭露程度之衡量,係將樣本公司年報、財務報告中相關揭露內容,與本研究自行設計的揭露索引表之揭露項目逐一比對,並考慮資訊揭露詳細程度之差異,進行項目評分,再加總得出一揭露總分之方式。提出探討的董事身份特性變數包括家族董監事、法人機構董監事、法人股東是否同時選任為董事與監察人、獨立董監事,以及董事長是否兼任總經理等五項。 研究樣本為民國90年度已在台灣證交所上市之公司,排除金融保險業、官方色彩濃厚公司、判斷資料不全公司後,共計樣本數426家。實證結果顯示非關係法人董監事席次比例、獨立董監事席次比例與資訊揭露程度呈正向顯著關係,表示二者之監督,有助於提升企業資訊揭露程度。法人股東同時選任為董事與監察人時,資訊揭露程度較低,可見此情形有削弱企業監管機制,有礙資訊揭露的傾向。但家族董監事席次比例、董事長是否兼任總經理二變數,則與資訊揭露程度間未發現顯著關係。 / The information that enterprises should disclose is not limited to financial and operating information. The “Company Transparency and Disclosure Survey” by Standard & Poor’s not only includes financial information, but also focuses on nonfinancial information, including ownership structure and investor relations, and board structure and process. OECD suggests enterprises at least disclose seven kinds of material information, and one of them is “ members of the board and key executives, and their remuneration.” Thus it could reveal that “the information related to board and executives” is no less important than financial and operating information. But in our country enterprises disclosure level in nonfinancial information is not enough. Besides, national evaluation institutions set a low value on information disclosure level of our country’s enterprises. This study presumes that if we can control the influential factor of the disclosure level about information related to board and executives, it will help to enhance enterprises’ transparency in our country. In our country’s Company Law system, board is responsible for the information disclosure of enterprises. We surmise whether board emphasizes on information disclosure has relationship with characteristics of directors’ identities. So the study wants to examine if the characteristics of directors’ identities are the important factors influencing the disclosure level of the information about board and executives. This is the very first study in our country to focus the information disclosure on nonfinancial and nonoperating information, that related to background and remuneration of board and executives. The way to measure the disclosure level is that the study designs a disclosure checklist to examine if these disclosure items appear on sample enterprises’ information disclosure of annual report and financial report, and also scrutinize to what extent the disclosure detail of information reaches. Finally the study gives each item a point, and sums up a total grade. The study has five directors’ identities characteristics variables, including family directors, institutional directors, whether institutional shareholder serves as director and supervisor simultaneously, independent directors, and whether the board chairman serves as the CEO simultaneously. The study samples are companies listed in Taiwan Stock Exchange in 2001, but exclude banking and insurance industry, and government-involved companies or companies with insufficient judging information are excluded. The rest amount to 426 samples. The empirical result indicates that the proportion of nonrelated institutional directors and independent directors on board are positively related to the extent of information disclosure. If a company has an institutional shareholder serves as director and supervisor simultaneously, it has lower extent of information disclosure. The proportion of family directors on the board and whether the board chairman serves as the CEO simultaneously reveal no significant relationship with the extent of information disclosure.
45

我國獨立董事與獨立監察人之屬性與盈餘管理之關聯性研究

馬瑜霙, Ma, Yu-ying, Unknown Date (has links)
「獨立董事與獨立監察人制度」對我國而言,為一種因法規強制要求而產生的新現象。2002年2月時,在台灣證券交易所股份有限公司及財團法人中華民國證券櫃臺買賣中心等單位的努力下,正式引進「獨立董事與獨立監察人制度」,規定自2002年2月22日起新申請上市上櫃的公司,需設置獨立董事至少二人,及獨立監察人至少一人,期望以此制度革除積習已久的公司治理弊端。 本研究自選任獨立董事及監察人之事前與事後,從選任席次、素質差異、專業背景差異檢視聘僱事前公司是否有特殊考量,並進一步從盈餘管理的角度,檢視選任事後獨立董事與監察人之預期功能是否對企業整體發揮實際之效用。 實證結果支持本研究認為因監察人得以單獨行使職權,故獨立監察人實際選任席次超過最低法定門檻之比例確實較獨立董事實際選任席次超過最低法定門檻的比例高,且企業所選任的獨立董監素質,因企業之規模大小不同而有顯著差異,另外,亦發現企業確實會考量職能別的差異,進而聘僱不同專業背景之專家。最後,關於獨立董事與獨立監察人在監督管理當局從事盈餘管理行為時之作用部分,未獲得實證結果支持,推測原因,可能係因我國企業於設置獨立董事與監察人後,僅將其視為專業地位崇高的「名譽」董事與監察人,但並未賦予其監督的實際權力,因而造成獨立董事與監察人未能涉入企業核心,致使其無法發揮監督管理當局之預期功能所導致。 / The institution of independent directors and independent supervisors is a new phenomenon arisen from forced enactment made by Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation and Gretai Securities Market on February 22, 2002. It claims all new listed corporations to employ at least 2 independent directors and 1 independent supervisor in order to enhance corporate governance in Taiwan. This thesis examines if enterprises have special considerations when employ independent directors and independent supervisors from the viewpoints of actual numbers, grade level and governance expertise. Furthermore, this thesis also examines the actual contributions of them to reduce the earnings management behaviors. Consistent with our hypothesis that due to the different way to oversee the management, this thesis finds that besides achieving the minimum standard threshold, it is more likely for an enterprise to employ much more independent supervisors than independent directors. Moreover, empirical results support that the bigger size of the company, the better independent directors and independent supervisors it will employ. Additionally, this study also finds that corporation will employ different kinds of experts owing to the different functions between independent directors and independent supervisors. Finally, as for reducing earnings management behaviors, this study can’t offer proper evidences. It may result from that enterprise views independent directors and independent supervisors as “reputable” experts, so they can’t have actual power to oversee managements. In other words, independent directors and independent supervisors can’t exercise the role well because of lacking actual power.
46

我國行政法人運作問題之研究-以國立中正文化中心為例

呂世壹 Unknown Date (has links)
行政院於九十一年底提出「行政法人」的概念,並於九十二年四月擬具「行政法人法」草案並送請立法院審議,截至目前,我國僅有一個行政法人-國立中正文化中心,於九十三年三月一日正式掛牌運作,其餘行政法人尚未完成立法程序。各界對於此一制度有諸多的批評與探討。 我國行政法人制度是參考了英國、日本,甚至是德國的制度,事實上它是一個政策學習的過程。國立中正文化中心-身為我國第一個的行政法人,其年度經營績效及運作成果,除作為中心次一年度經費核撥的參考依據外,更是未來我國是否繼續推動行政法人,以及全民是否支持的重要關鍵因素。為了讓這個政策學習化過程能夠順遂,凝聚共識,實有必要研析國立中正文化中心行政法人過程中遇到的困難,或是規劃不盡合宜之處,俾使此一制度的落實更臻完備。 本論文試圖參考國內外學者文獻之方式,並參酌相關法令規定,從公共行政的觀點,來瞭解推動行政法人背後的基本理念,參考英國、日本目前推動法人化的經驗,探討我國第一個行政法人-國立中正文化中心運作機制,以及瞭解發現目前運作窒礙或規劃不盡合宜之處,並試圖找出未來可以改進或修正相關作法。
47

董事會結構、會計財務專家對分析師預測行為影響之研究

楊馥慈 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討公司設置獨立董監事及其專業性,對於分析師進行公司盈餘預測時是否會產生影響。由於上市櫃審查準則的規範,本研究將樣本分為兩群,第一群樣本為受此準則規範,須強制設置獨立董監事之IPO公司,第二群樣本為不受此準則規範之上市櫃公司,以研究透過獨立董監的設置,是否會對分析師行為產生影響。 研究結果發現,獨立董事的設置有助於降低分析師預測離散度,尤其是具有專業背景之獨立董事,對於降低分析師的預測誤差及預測離散度有顯著影響;在獨立監察人方面,僅具專業背景之獨立監察人對於提升分析師跟隨人數有顯著影響。另外,亦發現受規範公司樣本對於分析師預測行為之影響力明顯大於不受規範公司樣本,本研究推論其原因為國內除了新上市櫃有因應法規之需求而設置獨立董監事外,一般上市櫃公司並無強大誘因促使其設立獨立董監事,造成自願設置之樣本數量過少,而導致其實證結果不顯著。 / This study investigates the effect on the forecasting behavior of analysts through employing independent directors or independent supervisors and their professional background. According to the listed examination criterion of TSEC and OTC, the samples are classified into two groups: companies regulated by the law and non-regulated companies. The empirical results suggest that independent directors contribute to reducing forecasting dispersion of analysts. Furthermore, independent directors who have professional background contribute to reducing forecasting dispersion and forecasting error of analysts. In terms of independent supervisors, only people who have professional background are positively related with analyst following. The results also show that regulated companies have more significant influence on analysts than non-regulated companies do, indicating that in response to the listed examination criterion of TSEC and OTC, regulated companies have to employ independent directors and independent supervisors. On the other hand, there is no motive for non-regulated companies to employ independent directors and independent supervisors, resulting in no significant impact on forecasting behavior of analysts.
48

董事會之獨立、專業、參與對企業績效及風險之影響 / The effect of board independence, expertise, and attendance on firm performance and risk

陳宜伶, Chen, Yi Ling Unknown Date (has links)
董事會組成、結構與運作的特性影響董事會功能的發揮,而董事會功能的強弱則決定企業經營的良窳。董事會的策略功能若能發揮,應可增進公司績效;董事會若能盡到監督的職責,應可降低企業的風險。因此,本研究探討董事會特性對企業績效與風險之影響。有別於其他公司治理的相關文獻多以董事會的獨立性衡量董事會之效能,本研究額外針對董事會成員發展其專業性及參與程度等衡量董事會特性之變數,探討這些變數與公司績效及風險間之關聯性,並進一步納入市場競爭程度與研發強度,分析公司經營特性對董事會特性與公司績效、風險關聯性之影響。 本研究以資產報酬率(ROA)、股東權益報酬率(ROE)、Tobin’s Q (Q)、Jensen Productivity (Jensen)來衡量企業績效,以信用評等(TCRI、RankRisk)、資產報酬率的標準差(sdROA)、股東權益報酬率的標準差(sdROE)來衡量企業風險,從董事會之獨立性、專業性以及參與度探討其對企業績效與風險之影響。研究結果發現,董事會之獨立性可以提升企業績效(ROA、ROE)、降低企業風險(TCRI、RankRisk、sdROA、sdROE)。董監具備會計或法律專業可以提升投資績效(Jensen),董監之聲譽可以提升企業績效(ROA、Q、Jensen),但董監若兼職過於忙碌,反而會提高財務風險(sdROA、sdROE),而董事會之參與度則可以提升企業績效(ROA、ROE)且降低信用風險(TCRI、RankRisk)。此外,市場競爭程度與研發強度影響董事會之獨立性、專業性以及參與度與企業績效、風險之關聯性。相對於低市場競爭程度,在高度市場競爭的環境下,董監具備會計或法律專業可以降低信用風險(RankRisk),董監過於忙碌會增加企業風險(TCRI、RankRisk、sdROA、sdROE),而董事會之參與度可以提升企業績效(Q)。相對於低研發強度,在高研發強度的環境下,公司需要內部董監的專屬知識,董事會之獨立性會降低投資績效(Jensen),但董監具備會計或法律專業可以提升企業績效(ROA、ROE、Q、Jensen)且降低信用風險(TCRI),董監之聲譽可降低信用風險(TCRI、RankRisk),而董事會之參與度則可提升企業績效(ROA)。 / The board composition, structure and process influence the effectiveness of the corporate board. The strategy function of the board helps to improve firm performance, while the monitoring function of the board assists to reduce firm risk. This research investigates the impact of board characteristics on firm performance and risk. Different from prior studies that focused mainly on board independence, this research expands board characteristics to include the expertise and attendance aspects of corporate boards. Furthermore, this research incorporates market competition and R&D intensity to analyze their moderating effects on the association between board characteristics and firm performance and risk. This research uses ROA, ROE, Tobin’s Q and Jensen Productivity (Jensen) to measure firm performance, and uses TCRI, RankRisk, sdROA and sdROE to measure firm risk. The research results indicate that boards with higher independence have higher ROA and ROE and lower TCRI, RankRisk, sdROA and sdROE. The boards with accounting or legal expertise directors have higher Jensen, while the boards with more reputable directors have higher ROA, Q and Jensen. However, boards with busy directors have higher sdROA and sdROE. The more attentive boards are found to be associated with higher ROA and ROE and lower TCRI and RankRisk. In addition, the levels of market competition and R&D intensity affect the association between board independence, expertise and attendance and firm performance and risk. For firms operating in the high market competition environment, boards with accounting or legal expertise directors have lower RankRisk, boards with busy directors have higher TCRI, RankRisk, sdROA and sdROE, and more attentive boards have higher Q. For firms with high R&D intensity, boards with greater independence are associated with lower Jensen since these firms require insider directors who have firm-specific knowledge. Moreover, boards with accounting or legal expertise directors tend to have higher ROA, ROE, Q, and Jensen and lower TCRI and more reputable boards have lower TCRI and RankRisk, while more attentive boards have higher ROA.
49

董事及重要職員責任保險之研究

蔡佩君, Tsai, Pei-Chun Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
50

我國上市公司管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之實證研究 / An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Earnings Management on the Public Companies in Taiwan Stock Exchange

陳家慧, Chia-Hui, Chen Unknown Date (has links)
由於當公司管理機制設計出了問題時,盈餘管理動機會較容易通過篩檢,甚至管理機制本身可能都會產生盈餘管理動機,並使得管理當局可能容易操縱公司決策或是報表數字,又從國內報章雜誌的報導,我們可以發現一些台灣管理機制上的亂象,如董監一家親、董事不懂事、監事不監視或是一個家族、機構投資包辦董事會席次的情況。 在此環境之下,為了維護股東權益、降低盈餘管理行為與促進證券市場的穩定發展,本研究擬針對三構面—與股東有關、與董監事有關、與經理人有關之管理機制,如:機構投資者持股比例、外部大股東持股比例、董事會規模大小、最大家族成員董事持股、監察人是否具獨立地位、董事長是否兼任總經理、經理人持股比例、總經理薪資總額等管理機制設計,探討其與盈餘管理程度之影響。 本研究為了達到學術與實務結合,採用會計師與會計經理之實地訪談與實證研究兩種方法,以兼具深度之訪談與廣度之實證研究,探討公司管理機制設計對盈餘管理程度之影響。 一、會計師與會計經理之訪談 本訪談目的係為了瞭解國內上市公司管理機制設計與操縱之情形,因此挑選對於實務運作有深入瞭解的執業會計師與上市公司會計經理,透過依研究問題所設計的各項訪談問題,最後依照所獲結論彙總形成研究假說。而訪談結果大部分的會計師與會計經理皆認為,有些公司的確會在股東部分、董監事部分與經理人部分的管理機制作刻意的安排,以使得其盈餘管理目的較易達成。 二、實證研究 透過以上訪談形成研究假說之後,本研究以上市公司為研究對象,蒐集民國84年至87年間盈餘管理程度與各管理機制之相關資料,進行複迴歸分析,經由會計師與資深會計經理之訪談與實證研究,本研究得出以下綜合性結論: (一)股東部分之管理機制: 1. 機構投資者持股比例:從訪談中得知,機構投資者持股對於公司盈餘管理程度有相當程度之影響,但由於其身份真假難以區分,因此較難確定其所發揮之角色,及其對盈餘管理程度之正負影響;在實證分析結果部分,此管理機制則未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。 2. 外部大股東持股比例:從訪談結果中得知,由於國內企業普遍存在董事席次安排的問題,因此外部大股東對於公司決策有一定程度之影響;但由於較難確定此管理機制所發揮之角色,因此較難確定其對盈餘管理程度之正負影響;在實證分析結果部分,此管理機制則未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。。 (二)董監事部分管理機制: 1. 董事會規模大小:從訪談結果中發現,若具有共通性的成員越多,可能越容易從事盈餘管理行為,且在實證分析部分,民國八十七年度樣本分析中發現,董事會規模大小與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正相關,即表示董事會規模越大,公司之盈餘管理程度越高。此實證分析結果與專家訪談所獲結論相符。 2. 最大家族成員董事持股比例:從訪談結果中發現,若最大家族在董事會中勢力越大,則對公司影響程度越大,而在實證分析部分,於民國八十七年度樣本分析中發現,最大家族成員董事持股比例與盈餘管理程度呈顯著正相關,表示最大家族成員董事持股比例越高,公司盈餘管理程度越高。此實證分析結果與專家訪談所獲結論相符。 3. 監察人身份是否獨立:從訪談中發現,若是機構監察人可能由於較容易操縱,不易維持獨立地位,因此較自然人監察人不易發揮監督功能,而在實證分析部分,則未與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 (三)經理人部分管理機制: 1. 職務雙重性:從訪談中得知,若具有職務雙重性較不易執行相互報告與負責之制度,可能使得盈餘管理行為較易發生,但可能由於仍有其他董事會成員兼任經理人之情況未納入考慮,使得實證分析部分,未與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 2. 經理人持股比例:從訪談中發現,有些產業偏好以股票招攬或鼓勵員工,因此對於經理人的激勵有相當大的誘因,但也可能因此產生盈餘管理的動機,但可能由於未能考慮不同持股來源之不同動機程度,使得在實證分析部分未能與盈餘管理程度呈顯著關係。 3. 總經理薪資總額部分: 從訪談結果中發現,總經理的薪資通常包括本薪與依照盈餘計算之紅利,因此可能由於未能詳細區分薪資內容之盈餘管理動機,使得在實證分析部分,未與盈餘管理程度成顯著關係。 目 錄 第一章 緒 論………………………………….............1 第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………… 1 第二節 研究問題…………………………………………… 3 第三節 研究方法…………………………………………… 4 第四節 研究架構…………………………………………… 6 第二章 文獻探討…………………………………............8 第一節 盈餘管理相關文獻………………………………… 8 第二節 公司管理機制之相關文獻…………………..…….. 10 第三節 公司管理機制與盈餘管理相關文獻……………… 21 第四節 文獻彙總…………………………………………… 30 第五節 研究延伸…………………………………………… 38 第三章 資深會計經理與會計師之訪談………........ 43 第一節 訪談目的……………………………….…….……... 43 第二節 訪談問題之形成………………………….………… 43 第三節 訪談結果記錄…………………………….……….... 48 第四節 訪談內容比較與分析…………………….………… 58 第四章 研究方法論……………………………........ 61 第一節 觀念性架構………………………………...……….. 61 第二節 研究方法………………………………….…..…….. 62 第三節 研究假說…………………………………….…..….. 62 第四節 變數衡量………………………………………...….. 74 第五節 實證模式………………………………….……….... 81 第六節 研究期間與抽樣限制條件……………….………… 82 第七節 資料來源………………………………….………… 83 第八節 資料分析方法……………………………...……….. 84 第五章 實證研究結果…………………………... .........85 第一節 敘述性統計…………………………………….…… 85 第二節 複迴歸分析結果…………………………….…….... 86 第六章 結論與建議……………………….…….. .........93 第一節 研究結論………………………………………...….. 93 第二節 研究限制……………………………………………....96 第三節 建議及未來研究方向……………………….…….... 96 參考文獻………………………………............…………….99 表 次 表一、國外盈餘管理文獻彙總表………………………………. 31 表二、國內盈餘管理文獻彙總表………………………………. 31 表三、國外管理機制文獻彙總表—屬理論探討者……………. 32 表四、國外管理機制文獻彙總表—屬實證分析者……………. 32 表五、國內管理機制文獻彙總表………………………………. 34 表六、國外管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之文獻彙總表………. 35 表七、國內管理機制與盈餘管理相關性之文獻彙總表………. 36 表八、研究延伸彙總表…………………………………………. 42 表九、研究問題與訪談問題對照表……………………………. 44 表十、訪談問題形成之彙總表…………………………………. 45 表十一、問題一結論彙總表……………………………………. 49 表十二、問題二結論彙總表……………………………………. 50 表十三、問題三結論彙總表……………………………………. 52 表十四、問題四結論彙總表…………………………………… 53 表十五、問題五結論彙總表……………………………………. 54 表十六、問題六結論彙總表……………………………………. 55 表十七、問題七結論彙總表……………………………………. 56 表十八、問題八結論彙總表…………………………………… 56 表十九、問題九至十六結論彙總表……………………………. 57 表二十、會計師與會計經理訪談結果比較表…………………. 58 表二十一、變數衡量彙總表……………………………………. 80 表二十二、所有樣本之產業分布表……………………………. 82 表二十三、敘述統計分析表……………………………………. 85 表二十四、總樣本分析VIF值表……………………………… 86 表二十五、總樣本迴歸分析表…………………………………. 87 表二十六、各年度樣本獨立性假設分析表……………………. 90 表二十七、各年度樣本迴歸分析表……………………………. 90 表二十八、管理機制與盈餘管理程度之研究結果彙總表……. 94 圖 次 圖一、研究方法概念流程圖…………………………….……... 5 圖二、研究架構圖……………………………………….……... 7 圖三、訪談問題形成流程圖…………………………………… 44 圖四、股東部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖………... 61 圖五、董監事部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖……… 61 圖六、經理人部分管理機制與盈餘管理之觀念架構圖……… 62 附 錄 附錄一、國內外管理機制整理表…………………………….. 105 附錄二、統計結果彙總表……………………………….….… 110 附錄三、依照產業別估計裁決性應計項目之迴歸分析….…. 114 / If there are some deficiencies on corporate governance structure, the motivations of earnings management will pass through the corporate governance easier. The corporate governance will even create some motivations, and managers (might be owners also) will tend to manage the decisions or reported earnings. Hence, whether the corporate governance of public companies be designed and works well is the hottest topic in Taiwan, in order to assert stockholders’ rights, decrease the behaviors of earnings management, and improve the stock market develop steadily. This thesis combines interviews (with CPAs and accounting managers) and empirical study to investigate the relation between corporate governance and earnings management. 4. Interviews with CPAs and accounting managers: The main purpose of interviews is to understand how the corporate governance of public companies be designed and manipulated, so the interviews are made with CPAs and accounting managers who realize the true meanings of CG more profoundly. By the conclusions of the interviews, I can further ascertain the foundations of my assumptions and give the outcomes of empirical tests stringent explanations. In the conclusions of the interviews, most CPAs and accounting managers consider that the corporate governance in stockholders, members of board, and managers’ dimensions are indeed manipulated to achieve some purposes of earnings management in many public companies in Taiwan. 5. Empirical study: My study objects are the public companies in Taiwan Stock Trade. I collect financial and corporate governance data and run regression analysis. The comprehensive conclusions of interviews and empirical tests are as followed: 3. Stockholders’ dimension: (1) Institutional stockholders’ holdings: From the contents of interviews, I realize that institutional shareholders’ holdings have some impacts on earnings management, but the real roles of institutional shareholders are hard to clarify. As the result, it’s hard to predict the relation between institutional holdings and earnings management as positive or negative. In the empirical test, there is no significant relation between institutional holdings and the level of earnings management. (2) Outside big stockholders’ holdings: From the contents of interviews, I realize that most of big shareholders of some family company have been in the board of directors, and in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between outside big stockholders’ holdings and the level of earnings management. 4. Members of board’s dimension: (1) Size of board of directors: From the contents of interviews, I realize that the more the number of members of board with similar characteristics, the easier will they manage reported earnings. In the empirical test of 1998 samples, there is significant positive relation between size of board of directors and earnings management. It means that the bigger the board of directors, the higher the level of earnings management. (2) The holdings of the biggest family members of directors: From the contents of interviews, if the biggest family has more power in the board of directors, it influences the board of directors more. In the empirical test of 1998 samples, there is significant positive relation between the holdings of the biggest family members of directors and earnings management. It means that the higher the holdings of the biggest family members of board, the higher the level of earnings management. (3) Whether the supervisors have independent roles: From the contents of interviews, I realize that because of some regulations of supervisors, the institutional supervisors are manipulated easier than natural supervisors and hard to supervise the behavior of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between supervisors’ independent role and the level of earnings management. 5. Managers’ dimension: (1) Duality (whether the chairman of board and CEO are the same): From the contents of interviews, I realize that if the chairman of board and CEO are the same, there might be deficiencies of reporting and mutual responsibility and higher level of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between duality and earnings management. (2) Managers’ holding: From the contents of interviews, I realize that some companies of particular industries are preferred to give stocks to recruit or encourage employees, so the holdings of managers are very incentive. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between managers’ holdings and the level of earnings management. (3) CEO’ compensation: From the contents of interviews, the CEO’s compensation is often included fixed salary, bonus based on the earnings, so it might has some relation with the level of earnings management. But in the empirical test, there is no significant relation between CEO’s compensation and the level of earnings management.

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