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新創企業策略之形成、評估與執行 ─以焦耳極限自行車功率訓練中心為例莊復凱, Chuang, Fu Kai Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以焦耳極限自行車功率訓練中心為案例,針對新創企業策略的形成、評估與執行進行探討。首先描述案例公司之商業計畫,就公司概念、產品服務、產業概況、競爭環境、目標顧客、公司定位與優勢、運動員需求、功率訓練技術與設備、行銷計畫及財務計畫等各面向做分析與創業規劃。而後針對營運現況與問題做檢討,並使用產業生命週期分析,辨別所處產業之生命週期階段及對應策略重點,以此發展出目前營運問題之改善策略方案。最後參照外部專家意見,進行方案修正與實行。
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自動車足回り部品軽量化のための熱延高張力鋼板の疲労強度に関する研究杵渕, 雅男 23 March 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18943号 / 工博第3985号 / 新制||工||1614(附属図書館) / 31894 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 北村 隆行, 教授 北條 正樹, 教授 星出 敏彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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鉄道車軸の超音波探傷における車軸 ― 車輪のはめ合いの影響に関する研究牧野, 一成 23 July 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19238号 / 工博第4073号 / 新制||工||1628(附属図書館) / 32237 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科マイクロエンジニアリング専攻 / (主査)教授 琵琶 志朗, 教授 北條 正樹, 教授 松原 厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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降雨時の列車運転規制のための大雨の空間分布特性を考慮した降雨量の観測方法に関する研究鈴木, 博人 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13009号 / 論工博第4134号 / 新制||工||1649(附属図書館) / 32937 / (主査)教授 中北 英一, 教授 立川 康人, 准教授 宇野 伸宏 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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自動運転車に対する信頼の規定因の検討 : 道徳判断の一致による効果 / ジドウ ウンテンシャ ニタイスル シンライ ノ キテイイン ノ ケントウ : ドウトク ハンダン ノ イッチ ニヨル コウカ横井 良典, Ryosuke Yokoi 22 March 2022 (has links)
博士(心理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
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コラボラティブ・モデリングによる地域コミュニティの津波避難計画策定に関する実践的研究中居, 楓子 26 March 2018 (has links)
付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21211号 / 情博第664号 / 新制||情||114(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 畑山 満則, 教授 多々納 裕一, 矢守 克也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM
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兩岸強制汽車責任保險法制重要問題比較研究游淑君 Unknown Date (has links)
第一章針對本論文之研究動機與目的、研究範圍與限制、方法,以及研究內容等數點加以說明。第二章比較「政策性保險」與「商業保險」、「社
會保險」之異同,以期確實勾勒出政策性保險之輪廓,同時介紹「自願保
險」與「強制保險」分類。另方面,本章確認我國以及大陸目前皆採取絕
對強制保險制度,就保障汽車交通事故受害人方面採取最高強度。最後,
析論我國以及大陸就有歸責原則之規定是否適當之問題。第三章論述兩岸
法律體系與架構,說明兩岸強制汽車責任保險法之立法沿革、意旨以及特
色,並檢討大陸將《條例》定位為行政法規位階之妥適性。此外,針對兩
岸強制汽車責任保險法究竟採取何種立法模式、單軌制或雙軌制、基本保
障或完全保障制提出分析。最後,檢討在本保險無法提供保障時,兩岸如
何以設立特別補償基金(救助基金)制度以為因應。第四章進入強制汽車責
任保險契約之探討。除了當事人與關係人部分外,主要就契約之成立以及
契約消滅之限制兩大面向做討論,於各節中先將我國《強制汽車責任保險
法》與大陸《機動車交通事故責任強制保險條例》之條文以表格的方式整
理,再提出本文就兩岸法規之分析與評論,期能針對兩岸法制提出些許之
修訂建議。第五章進入契約之理賠範圍之探討。主要討論本保險保障範
圍、保險範圍之特殊規定,以及直接給付請求權。本章延續第四章之研究
方法,於各節中先將我國《強制汽車責任保險法》與大陸《機動車交通事
故責任強制保險條例》之條文以表格的方式整理,再提出本文就兩岸法規
之分析與評論,期能針對兩岸法制提出些許之修訂建議。第六章首先針對
本文之研究事項歸納出結論,其次針對我國之《強制汽車責任保險法》以
及大陸之《機動車交通事故責任強制保險條例》提出建議,以確立強制汽
車責任保險法設立之初,保障汽車交通事故受害人以及整頓並改善交通秩
序之立法目標,促進社會安全。
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新制強制汽車責任險下汽車任意體傷責任險費率釐定 / The Pricing Model for Voluntary Auto Third Party Liability Insurance under the New Compulsory Auto Liability Insurance System王志彥, Wang, Chich-Yen Unknown Date (has links)
從民國87年所通過的強制汽車責任保險,可發現我國強制汽車責任險的理賠上限與承保範圍等有了重大的改變,造成汽車任意責任險的計算費率必須要重新估算,然而國內對此方面的文獻探討卻著墨不多,因此學生將會針對任意汽車體傷責任險費率釐算詳細加以探討。
而若要重新估計任意汽車責任險首先要做的工作就是要收集完整正確的損失資料,不過由於損失資料的收集相當困難,因此只能透過模擬的損失資料進行任意責任險的費率釐算。而在有模擬的損失資料情況下我們就可透過損失分佈理論進行下列的分析:
(1)透過損失資料的特性推估任意汽車責任險可能之損失分佈為Lognormal 分佈。
(2)透過最大概似估計法與特殊法推估Lognormal分佈之參數,並且採用負對數蓋似函數選擇最佳之估計參數。
(3)透過與強制汽車責任險預期損失與汽車任意體傷責任險預期損失之比例關係,釐算汽車任意體傷責任險之純保費。
(4)建立兩種損失趨勢函數,並透過此兩趨勢函數計算汽車任意體傷責任險之高保額係數。
(5)透過上述步驟之計算結果與現行實施之汽車任意體傷責任險費率作比較,以探討是否現行費率是否有超收或不足的現象。
總之,希望此篇論文能夠對未來的汽車任意責任險之費率釐算與保險司費率監督有所幫助。 / Cause the Legislation Yuan passed the compulsory auto liability insurance bill in 1998, we must have a new actuarial pricing of voluntary auto third party insurance. However, all domestic insurers haven’t revised the rate because the absence of the empirical loss data. In addition, only a fewer researches have focused on the actuarial model of this type of insurance. In this paper, we will investigate the pure premium calculation of the voluntary auto insurance, and outline the appropriate model construction procedures.
The data we use are not empirical loss data, we calculate the pure premium by the simulated data. The procedures of this study are summarized in the following:
(1) Find the possible loss distribution of voluntary auto third party insurance policy.
(2) Estimate the parameters of the loss distribution by the maximum likelihood estimate method and the special method of lognormal distribution.
(3) Calculation the pure premium of voluntary auto third party insurance.
(4) Calculation the increased limits factor(ILF)by two trend functions, and compare the results of two trend functions.
(5) Finally, we examine the gross premiums of the voluntary auto third party insurance and compare our results with the actual voluntary auto liability insurance premiums.
Altogether, we hope that this paper could be beneficial to the actuaries and also provide suggestions for the government surveillance.
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中國大陸汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為與績效之分析 / The Market Structure, Firm Conduct and Performance in China’s Automobile Industry夏樂生, Hsia,Lo-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本論文主要是透過產業經濟學中的產業組織研究,運用J. S. Bain及F. M. Scherer 為首的市場結構-行為-績效(S-C-P)的分析方式,來探討中國大陸汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為與績效之間的關係。
運用產業組織S-C-P的分析方式來研究產業的發展及績效的關係已經相當普遍,從早期的E. Mason、J. Bain到W. Shepherd、F. M. Scherer以還,此領域的研究成果相當豐富,然而多集中在實施市場經濟的西方國家,對經濟轉型的國家如東歐、中國及蘇聯等則較為少見。
本論文研究的主要目的,即在探討大陸地區汽車產業之市場結構、產業特性、產業內廠商之營運行為及彼此間的競爭型態;並進一步運用現有的資料,以實證方法對汽車產業市場結構、廠商行為及利潤之來源加以檢定,再由實證中所發掘出的資訊,評估研判大陸汽車產業發展的走向及相關問題。由於中國大陸是一個在二十世紀八十年代開始才自計畫經濟體制逐漸轉型為市場經濟體制的國家,本身仍具有計畫經濟的一些特質,產業政策的制訂及強制實施,對大陸汽車產業結構及行為均具有一定的影響力,因此本文亦透過大陸官方頒布的汽車產業政策來探討其對汽車產業的影響。
經由本文對中國大陸汽車產業的分析顯示,產業組織中市場結構(S)、行為(C)與績效(P),彼此間是處於相互影響之動態關係。而實證研究亦顯示,市場結構及行為對廠商績效的產生有密切的關聯。
在市場結構方面,大陸汽車產業的市場結構有逐漸大型化、集團化的趨勢,大型企業的市場占有率也逐年提升,市場集中度(CR4、CR8)相對提高;唯有轎車生產廠商在進入業者增多及競爭激烈之下,市場集中度有下降的現象,未來大陸汽車產業整體的市場結構有進一步緊縮並向寡頭壟斷發展的趨勢。在廠商行為方面,廠商的併購重組及價格競爭行為有助於市場結構的改善,投資研發及行銷策略等廠商行為則與市場結構及績效有相互影響。另外大陸汽車產業政策對市場結構、行為、績效則有大小不一的影響,部分產業政策目標得以實現,部分政策目標則無法完成。
在汽車產業集中度與績效之直觀性分析方面,根據1995至2003年的相關數據顯示,不論是整車生產廠商、企業集團或轎車生產廠商,其市場集中度愈高,其績效表現相對較佳(工業增加值率愈高)。
另外從實證分析的結果來看,與市場結構相關的5個變數,其中市場集中度(H)、市場占有率(MS)與績效為正相關;而市占率平方(MS²)及勞動密度(Labor)為負相關,大致上與我們的假設相符。另外資本密度(Capital)的實證結果則與假設有所不同,其中34家車廠樣本的檢定為正,而15家集團的結果為負,顯示大陸汽車產業目前並不具資本優勢,尤其是部分汽車集團的資產對績效的產生並不具正面效益。在行為變數方面,投資行為(Investment)對績效的影響為正相關,與我們的假設相同,顯示持續的投資對汽車廠商績效的產生具有重大正面的影響。時間趨勢(Time)變數也有所不同,實證顯示34家車廠的績效隨時間趨勢有逐漸下降的情形,而汽車集團的績效則隨時間趨勢呈上升現象。
正如產業組織理論所述,廠商的績效可以有多個評定考核的標準,一般均以利潤最大化或搶占最大的市占率為目標,但以大陸目前汽車產業狀況而言,本土汽車企業或大陸官方控股的汽車集團能否開發出知名的自有汽車品牌應當是重要的績效之一。根據本文的研究也發現,中國大陸目前汽車集團或大型汽車企業的短期目標是做大規模,利用規模經濟及擴大市占率來鞏固利基。但卻忽略其基本目標或長期目標應是做強企業,所謂做強企業應是運用研發成果或提升經營效率使成本降低,以提高企業的利潤率或附加價值,才算是一個成功的企業。做大企業固然不易,做強企業更是困難,但唯有持續不斷地突破、創新、研發,才能在競爭激烈的中國汽車大戰中脫穎而出,立於不敗之地。 / This thesis aims to explore the relationship between market structure, firm conduct and performance of the automobile industry in mainland China by applying the structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P) model of industrial organization.
There are many outstanding studies using S-C-P approach to examine the dynamics between industrial development and performance, such as E. Mason, J. Bain, W. Sherpherd, F.M. Schere, etc. However, most of them focus on the market economies in western countries. Few of them discuss the situations in Eastern Europe, China and former Soviet Union countries that undergo economic transitions.
The thesis intends to explore the characteristics of the market structure, firm conduct and economic performance in China’s automobile industry, to examine the dynamics of S-C-P in automobile industry by regression analysis, and to evaluate the development and problems of the automobile industry in mainland China. Although China has been undergoing economic transitions from a planned economy to a market economy since 1980s, not all the characteristics of the planned economy are replaced. The regulatory policy making and implementation have significant impacts on its automobile market structure and firm conduct in this industry. In this regard, the thesis intends to discuss how China’s policy influences its automobile industry.
Paramount findings of this research suggest that, in China’s automobile industry, market structure, firm conduct and performance interact with one another. Regression analyses indicate that market structure, firm conduct and performance are strong associated.
The market structure of the automobile industry in China characterizes large firms and groups, the growing market share rate of large-scale enterprises on a yearly basis and the rise of market concentration degree (CR4, CR8). However, the value of market concentration degree of sedan manufacturers decreases due to the increase of competitors in this market. As a result, the market structure of China’s automobile industry will evolve to oligopoly in the future. Firm conducts such as merger, reorganization and price competition help to improve the market structure. Other firm behaviors like investment, R&D, and marketing strategies influence the market structure and performance and vice versa. Moreover, China’s automobile industrial policies have various impacts on market structure, firm conduct and performance. In practice, some goals of the automobile policies are attainable, however, others are unattainable in practice. Based on the data between 1995 and 2003, a statistical analysis of concentration degree and performance in automobile industry suggest a positive relationship that higher market concentration degree results in better performance (higher industrial added-value rate), regardless whole-car manufacturers, group enterprises or sedan manufacturers.
The multiple regression analyses of five variables related to market structure represents that the values of concentration degree (H) and market share (MS) alike have positive effects on the value performance whereas the values of market share rate squared (MS²) and labor density(Labor) alike have negative effects on the value of performance. These results support our hypotheses in this study. Nevertheless, the result of a relationship test for capital density(Capital) and performance is different from our hypothesis. The value of capital density of 34 car firms and the value of performance have a positive relationship, which echoes our assumption. Yet the hypothesis test for capital density of 15 groups leads to the opposite. It suggests that: capital advantage does not emerge in China’s automobile industry so far. In particular, assets of some automobile groups do not have beneficial effects on business performance. Firm conduct includes one variables: investment. Regression analysis indicates a positive relationship between investment and performance. The result is consistent with our hypothesis and concludes: constant investment contributes to automobile firm performance. Relationship testing for time and performance shows that: when the value of time increases, the value of 34 automobile firms’ performance decreases whereas the value of 15 groups’ performance increases, accordingly.
The theory of Industrial organization provides multiple criteria to assess firm performance which usually aims to maximize profit or market share. In the case of current automobile industry in China, whether or not local automobile firms or state-owned enterprises achieve a successful brand building of China-made vehicles should be an important indicator of performance. This research also discovers that on one hand the automobile groups and large-scale enterprises in China embrace short-term goals to maximize firm scale and market shares so as to maximize revenues by exploiting the advantages of economy of scale, however, on the other hand, they ignore fundamental, long-term goals to be sustainable, successful and competitive corporations that invest R&D to increase business efficiency, reduce costs, and boost marginal revenue and added-value rate. Being a big firm is never easy yet being a competitive enterprise is even more difficult. Only with constant improvement in management, investment in R&D, the invention of production can an enterprise survive and succeed in the competition in China’s automobile market.
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中國汽車產業的政治經濟學:國家資本主義的觀點 / The political economy of automotive industry in China: aspects of state capitalism宋旻哲, Sung, Min Che Unknown Date (has links)
上世紀80年代中國產生了許多的變化,在經濟上採取較為開放的態度。汽車產業也在這樣的趨勢下與國外的跨國汽車企業合作,發展自己的汽車製造工業,至今中國已經成為最大的汽車製造國。為了發展汽車產業,中國透過國有企業與跨國企業合作成立許多合資公司,本文所取用的東風汽車集團與廣汽集團旗下都存在許多這樣的子公司。國家透過國有企業作為帶動產業發展的火車頭,但國有企業複雜的所有權問題牽涉中央與地方關係的運作,影響著汽車產業的發展。運用國有企業作為中介制度的同時,中央與地方關係也同時在運作,在長時間的發展下因國企所有權差異而產生的不同發展模型也逐漸變化,最終中國的汽車發展模式趨於類似。在這過程中,國家的影響實際上分做中央與地方同時進行,短期而言似乎看不到到中央的影響力,但就長期而言中央確實引導了中國汽車產業並助其發展。在理論方面,筆者以為中國汽車產業的成長長久以都是在國家資本主義的途徑上進行的,而非是發展型國家或管理型國家的模式。因為中國雖然引進市場經濟相當長的一段時間,但是實際上不管是中央還是地方的手都不曾離開過這個領域,即便是現在中國最主要的汽車生產與銷售仍舊以國有企業為主。 / China had has series transitions since 1980s years, and it had adopted open attitude at economical work. In this trend, state owner enterprises cooperated (SOEs) with foreign cross-national enterprises (CNEs) to develop self’s automotive industry. Now, China had become biggest country of automotive produce. For developing automotive industry, it established many companies by Chinese SOEs and foreign CNEs, for example Dongfeng motor group, Guangzhou automobile group. SOE like locomotive that it brings development, but it has problem of property that affect working of central-local relationship. While state utilizes SOE to be intermediary institution, central and local is continually interaction. In long time, ownership led to differently developmental model that was changed that trend to similar model. In fact, national affection is divide two parts: central and local. In short term, we difficultly observe central affection but, in long term, central affection is remake. In theoretically, I argue that Chinese automotive industrial development below to approach of state capitalism and it is not developmental state and regulatory state. China had work market economy but government, central and local, still intervenes domestic market, instead of major firm of Chinese produce and selling is SOEs.
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