Archivists have many times been compared with librarians, which is done in this master thesis. The two professions have changed in recent years. One of the reasons is digital development. The digital age has changed the way people live and the need of information, but also processes within organisational structures. In order to be able to provide relevant and efficient services, the archives and libraries have strived for new skills that are useful in the digital environment. Therefore, the need of competence has increased. There are different types of knowledge required of archivists and librarians, but both have their theoretical knowledge from information science. Through digital development, similar interests can be developed that can be a good reason for collaboration between the two professions. The purpose of the study is to see how the two professions have changed as a result of the digitalisation. Literature studies provide a long-term perspective, which provides an opportunity to see how well something has been discussed and relevant to research that has been conducted. Therefore, the study uses this approach. Literature that has been searched for was limited between the years 2000 to 2020. Assessment of the relevance of literature is done by reading through the abstract and title from searches results in databases. The study collects a total of 40 literature for analysis. Theory of profession is used as a tool to analyse the result. In archival research and information science, digital curation has emerged. The concept is about the availability and usability of data in a long-term perspective. There is a connection to the concept for both archivists and librarians. Digital data needs to be planned and managed at an early stage, to ensure the life cycle of records. Leadership in archives and libraries is something that has developed more, because project management has become important for developing services and the profession. This may be due to threats about the relevance of the professions, but it can also be about being able to develop better services, strategy and different standards, which are more adapted to the digital possibilities. Collaboration between archivists and librarians can be useful in projects where the focus is on developing data management and services, also for promoting research and accessibility and in terms of assisting researchers in their research with information retrieval. Further studies can focus more deeply on areas of expertise that are being developed, which are relevant for both archivists and librarians.

Denna studie undersöker hur traditionella turistbyråer ser på digitalisering samt hur denna utveckling förändrar verksamheternas strukturer och arbetsprocesser kring marknadsföring. Frågeställningarna som har undersökts i denna studie har handlat om hur turistbyråer ser på den digitala utveckling som skett i samhället i förhållande till den bransch de befinner sig i, samt hur deras nuvarande marknadsföringsprocess påverkas av digitaliseringens framväxt. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten bygger på forskning kring internets utveckling, digitalisering, marknadsföring och information kring turistbyråns roll inom besöksnäringen. Studien har en kvalitativ metod i form av telefonintervjuer som genomfördes med representanter från sju olika turistbyråverksamheter i Värmland. Syftet med intervjuerna var att undersöka hur de olika verksamheterna arbetar med marknadsföring samt att få en inblick i hur de ser på digitalisering och hur detta påverkar dem i deras marknadsföringsarbete. Det empiriska materialet har visat att digitaliseringen ses som ett komplement snarare än en konkurrent till den fysiska verksamheten, vilket inte helt överensstämmer med vad forskning påstår. Dilemmat som dock har uppstått är att ju mer digitaliserad en verksamhet är, desto mer exkluderas äldre och andra som inte har tillgång till eller kunskap om internet och sociala medier. Samtidigt bör verksamheterna digitalisera sig för att kunna fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga samt för att kunna nå den yngre målgruppen. Att hantera sociala medier och digital marknadsföring kräver kompetens och tid, något som några av verksamheterna påpekar och menar sätter höga krav på dem. Även om forskning visar att behovet av personlig service kommer att minska med tiden, ämnar verksamheterna att fortsätta att finnas kvar som fysiska verksamheter så länge det är möjligt. / This study examines how traditional tourism agencies view digitization and how this development changes the structures and work processes of the businesses around marketing. The questions examined in this study have been about how tourism agencies view the digital development that has taken place in society in relation to the industry in which they are located, and how their current marketing process is affected by the growth of digitization. The theoretical starting point is based on research on the internet's development, digitization, marketing and information about the role of the tourist agency in the tourism industry. The study has a qualitative method in form of telephone interviews conducted with representatives from seven different tourist agencies in Värmland. The purpose of the interviews was to investigate how the various businesses work with marketing and to gain an insight on how they view digitization and how this affects them in their marketing work. The empirical material has shown that digitization is seen as a complement rather than a competitor to physical activity, which is not entirely in line with what research claims. The dilemma that has arisen, however, is that the more digitalized a business is, the more the elderly and others who do not have access to or knowledge of the internet and social media are excluded. At the same time, the businesses should digitize themselves in order to remain competitive and to be able to reach the younger target group. Managing social media and digital marketing requires competence and time, something that some of the businesses point out and believe that it puts high demands on them. Although research shows that the need for personal service will diminish over time, the businesses intend to remain as physical businesses for as long as possible.

Digital transformation has been a focus of public and private sectors to both improve and sustain business value by leveraging rapidly evolving technology. Digital technology is ubiquitous and inter-connected, changing the face of business, government and society through the creation of new industries, with automation replacing two thirds of existing jobs. The challenge is that most digital transformation efforts fail, mainly due to inadequate leadership and management as well as failure to accept that it is a multi-disciplinary problem. Another challenge is to distinguish between digital transformation (DT) and digitization where the former is based on a customer-centric value proposition and the latter focuses on cost-cutting and operational excellence. This difference also highlights the business/technology divide where the former is mainly DT and the latter is mainly digitization. The challenge addressed in this thesis is how to obtain management acceptance that digital transformation is multi-disciplinary and to make recommendations with respect to how best to achieve DT goals. The research methods followed is a blend of participatory action research (PAR), case study analysis and literature analysis. The principal research findings are that there is no single, management methodology that can increase the chances of DT success but that a modified form of enterprise architecture (EA) that collaboratively interacts with the other management frameworks can likely provide a solid foundation to effectively achieve DT. The thesis consists of an assessment of the current methodologies, four articles that each discuss an area to support effective DT, followed by a request for change (RFC) to up-date the TOGAF 9 EA framework standard. TOGAF was selected due to its pervasive usage globally (80% of Fortune 50 and 60% of Fortune 500). The RFC accommodated both the concepts raised in the articles and other innovations highlighted in the literature review and assessment. The thesis concludes that enterprise architecture is a key business technique that al-lows the sharing of core decision support information across the enterprise, enabling all management frameworks, especially those on the technology-management divide, to collaboratively realize digital transformation.

Thesis (M.A. (Information Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The digitalisation of library services is concerned with ensuring that almost all systems used to render services are ICT incorporated. This is of utmost importance since we are moving towards the 4th industrial revolution. Public libraries need to upgrade their systems to ensure that the service rendered is digitalised. Failure to digitalise libraries may lead to public libraries being obsolete and library staff may lose their users. The purpose of this study is to examine the digitalisation of library services as a magnifying factor towards improving public library services in Limpopo public libraries. The quantitative research approach was used to conduct this study. The questionnaire was used to collect data from Limpopo public library staff population. Convenience sampling techniques were used to select libraries in all five districts in Limpopo Province, which are Capricorn, Mopani, Vhembe, Waterberg and Sekhukhune. The instrument used to collect data from all library staff was a self-administered questionnaire. Eighty-seven questionnaires were distributed, filled, interpreted and analysed. Findings revealed that the library staff have a positive attitude towards digitalisation. The study also found that library staff do have the necessary Information and Communication Technology skills. Most libraries lack ICT systems and operate under financial constraints. The study recommends that training should be implemented more than once a year in public libraries and that it should be relevant towards the library staff needs. The government should also finance libraries for promotional and maintenance of ICT systems to ensure that a positive attitude is held up high by the library staff.

Unternehmen werden zu digitalen Unternehmen. Das verlangt nach neuen Maschinen und Anlagenkonzepten, wodurch neue Anforderungen an den Anlagen- und Maschinenbau entstehen. Gefordert werden digitale Planung und Simulation, Integration in industrielle Kommunikationsnetzwerke, Anbindung an höchste Sicherheitsfunktionalitäten und durchgängige Datenschnittstellen für neue Servicekonzepte. [... aus dem Text]

Det blir allt viktigare för organisationer att attrahera och behålla talanger, speciellt i konkurrenskraftiga branscher. En populär strategi för att attrahera och behålla medarbetare är arbetet med arbetsgivarvarumärket. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur anställda upplever företagets arbetsgivarvarumärke. Denna kvalitativa studie bygger på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförda på ett IT-konsultföretag i mellansverige med ett ledande arbetsgivarvarumärke. Data analyserades genom en induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att det upplevdes vara en god balans mellan de krav som ställdes och de anställdas upplevda kontroll i arbetet. Genom att företaget levde upp till de förväntningar som de skapade upprätthölls det psykologiska kontraktet och medarbetarna blev goda ambassadörer för företaget. Respondenterna upplevde att företaget prioriterar de anställdas behov, även utanför arbetet. Företaget upplevs ha en stark kultur med familjär stämning där medarbetarna ses som något mer än bara anställda. Studien kan bidra med insikt i ett ledande arbetsgivarvarumärkesarbete och kan användas som en benchmarking-metod. / It is becoming increasingly important for organizations to attract and retain talents, especially in competitive industries. A popular strategy for attracting and retaining employees is employer branding. The purpose of this study was to investigate how employees perceive the company's employer brand. This qualitative study is based on eight semi-structured interviews conducted at an IT consulting company in central Sweden with a leading employer brand. Data was analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis. The results showed that there was a perceived good balance between the demands on employees and their perceived control. By living up to the expectations they created, the company upheld the psychological contract, and employees became strong ambassadors for the company. Respondents felt that the company prioritized employees' needs, even outside of work. The company was perceived to have a strong culture with a familial atmosphere where employees were seen as more than just employees. The study can contribute with insights into leading employer branding efforts and can be used as a benchmarking method.

For the last thirty years Swedish institutions, both on governmental and foundational level, have seeked to illuminate the horrors of the Holocaust and antisemitism. A part in this was collection of testimonies from survivors of the Holocaust as to save first-hand accounts from an aging population of survivors. In the middle ground between making said collections accessible and protecting the materials from potential racist and antisemitic attacks, sometimes collections were deemed too vulnerable to be made fully available which has put substantial accounts from the Holocaust behind protective barriers, figuratively speaking. A recent effort of once again intending to bring the Holocaust to the table, the newly established Swedish Holocaust Museum must deal with similar considerations of accessibility versus vulnerability. An aspect that was not as prevalent thirty years ago was digitization of cultural heritage or society in general. This practice of dealing with cultural heritage comes with its own set of considerations – Something that has been discussed in this study.  With a starting point in the Swedish Holocaust Museum, digitization of collections dealing with either Jewish cultural heritage or Holocaust memory has been the focus in this study. Other than the Swedish Holocaust Museum, the Nordic Museum, Uppsala University Library and the Jewish Library has been surveyed through interviews in trying to extract each institutions’ policies and practices regarding digitization of the abovementioned kind. To focus the study Gidlund & Sundbergs (2021) digitization as a societal arrangement was used together with Gamstorps (2020) description of Jewish history and Holocaust history as two sides of the same coin.  It was found that each institutions have limitations as to what they can digitize, be it lack of funds or regulations. In some cases, the limitations halted the digitization of the materials and other institutions tried to find solutions. The Swedish Holocaust Museum, the author argues, is placed in a unique spot in challenging current status quo in making accessible cultural heritage deemed vulnerable.

Sveriges kommersiella fastighetsbestånd står för mer än en tredjedel av Sveriges BNP. När sektorn övergår till den digitala eran utvecklar fastighetsbolag sin "tekniska stack" av digitala produkter och tjänster. Dessa tjänster digitaliserar allt från konstruktion, drift, till hur de interagerar med sina hyresgäster. I sin tur skapas och lagras en stor mängd data om fastigheten, dess funktionalitet och dess hyresgäster. Kandidatuppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och klargöra nyttan av digitala produkter och tjänster i transaktionsprocessen. Eftersom marknadsvärdet är ekvivlent med köpeskillingen, granskar vår studie hur digitalisering påverkar transaktionsprocessen, prisdeterminanter och hur digital infrastruktur knyter an till dessa determinanter. Våra resultat baseras på intervjuer med erfarna fastighetsmäklare och utvalda proptechbolag verksamma på den svenska marknaden. Studien drar slutsatsen att stora mängder data konsumeras, sammanfattas och distruberas vid försäljning av fastigheter. Den främsta drivkraften bakom priset är rotad i finanser, vilka kan generaliseras som en värdefångande funktion som baseras på hyresavtal. Metoden negligerar värdeskapande och värdefångande nytta av digital infrastruktur. Bristande kunskap tycks vara huvudorsaken till den nuvarande försummelsen av digital infrastruktur vid värdering och försäljning av fastigheter. För att branschen ska kunna dra nytta av digitaliseringen behöver den utföra aktiviteter inom: digitalisering av nuvarande och nya processer, datakonsumtion och implementering av datadrivna förbättringar. / Sweden's commercial real estate market accounts for more than a third of the Swedish GDP. As the sector transitions into the digital era, real estate companies develop their "technical stack" of digital products and services. These services digitize everything from pre- construction, operations, to how they interact with their tenants. In turn, a vast amount of data about the property, its functionality, and its tenants is created and stored. The thesis aims to examine and clarify the utility of digital products and services in a real estate transaction process. As market value is equivalent to the purchase price, our study reviews how digitization affects the transaction process, price determinants, and how digital infrastructure connects to these determinants. Our results are based on interviews with experienced real estate brokers and carefully selected proptech companies active in the Swedish real estate market. The study concludes there is heavy data consumption and distribution when selling real estate. However, the main driver behind price is rooted in financials, which can be generalized as a value capture mechanism based on lease agreements. This mechanism excludes value creation and value capture of digital infrastructure. Lack of knowledge seems to be the main reason for the current neglect of digital infrastructure when valuing and selling real estate. For the industry to capitalize on the utility of digitization, it needs to conduct activities within: digitizing current and new processes, data consumption, and implementing data- driven improvements.

Digitalisering genomsyrar flera delar av vårt samtida, digitalt mogna samhälle, inklusive den offentliga sektorn, näringslivet och människors fritid. Digitaliseringen samspelar också med intresset för kulturarv och museer i Sverige. Hur ser relationen mellan digitalisering och museiverksamhet ut? Följande arbete är en kandidatuppsats inom medieteknik som syftar till att kartlägga digitaliseringsprocess på ett museum med hjälp av fallstudiemetodik. Datainsamlingen skedde genom intervju med två medarbetare från den digitala beredningsgruppen på Malmö Museer. Studien refererar till tidigare forskning om digitalisering på museer med fokus på digital arkivering, digitala verktyg och redskap. Teoretisk grund för arbetet är Andreé Malraux teori om Le Musée Imaginaire (museet utan väggar). Uppsatsen visar att Malmö Museer är ett museum som aktivt arbetar med att införa digitala inslag i sin mycket omfattande verksamhet. Digitaliseringen vid Malmö Museer sker medvetet och i överenstämmelse med den digitala utvecklingen i samhället. / Digitalization permeates multiple parts of our contemporary, digitally mature society, including the public sector, business, and people’s leisure time. Also, digitalization intersects with the interest in cultural heritage and museums in Sweden. What does the relationship between digitalization and museum activities look like? The following work is a Bachelor level thesis on Media Technology that aims to map the digitalization process following a case study methodology. Data collection took place through interview with two employees from the Digital Evaluation group at Malmö Museer. The study references previous research concerning digitalization in museums focusing on digital archiving, tools and implements. Andree Malraux’s theory of Le Musée Imaginaire (The Museum without Walls) is used as the theoretical basis. The thesis shows that Malmö Museer works actively with the implementation of digital features in its very extensive work. The research showed that digitalization at Malmö Museer intentionally takes place in accord with the digital development in society.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka och få utökad kunskap om synen på digitalisering hos vårdnadshavare till barn i förskolan. Genom 17 utformade enkätfrågor med både öppna och slutna svarsalternativ har detta genomförts. Resultaten har analyserats genom tematisk analys och med utgångspunkt i centrala tankar och begrepp från systemteorin. Resultatet visade att de flesta av de deltagande vårdnadshavarna upplever att det finns fördelar och möjligheter med digitalisering i förskolan, särskilt i ett framtidsperspektiv och som komplement till undervisning, lärande och det analoga. Samtidigt framgick att vårdnadshavarna också kunde se risker och nackdelar, där oro främst riktades mot faktorer som mindre tid till fysisk aktivitet och interaktion samt att barn lämnas ensamma med digitala verktyg. Det framkom även att ett övervägande antal av vårdnadshavarna inte upplever sig ha inflytande i förskolans arbete med digitalisering, men att flera å andra sidan inte känner ett behov av att ha det. Slutsatserna som dragits från insamlad data är att vårdnadshavares syn på digitalisering i förskolan och inflytande inte innefattar enkla svar på vad som kan förstås som rätt eller fel, bra eller dåligt, positivt eller negativt, utan det är mer invecklat än så. / The purpose of this study has been to investigate and gain increased knowledge about the view of digitization among guardians of children in preschool. Through 17 designed survey questions with both open and closed answer options, this has been carried out. The results have been analyzed through thematic analysis and based on central ideas and concepts from systems theory. The results showed that most of the participating guardians feel that there are advantages and opportunities with digitization in the preschool, especially in a future perspective and as a complement to teaching, learning and analog. At the same time, it appeared that the guardians could also see risks and disadvantages, where concern was mainly directed at factors such as less time for physical activity and interaction and that children are left alone with digital tools. It also emerged that a majority of the guardians do not feel that they have influence in the preschool's work with digitization, but that several, on the other hand, do not feel a need to have it. The conclusions drawn from the collected data are that guardians' views on digitization in preschool and influence do not include simple answers to what can be understood as right or wrong, good or bad, positive or negative, it is more complicated than that.