Global ETD Search

81	Entre glande mammaire et Escherichia coli : étude des intéractions qui conditionnent le déclenchement et l'issue des mammites : rôles des cellules épithéliales et modulation par l'IL-17A / Interactions between Echerichia Coli and the udder influencing the outcome of mastitis in the dairy cow : role of the mammary epithelial cells and modulation by the cytokine IL-17A Roussel, Perrine 20 December 2013 (has links) L’intensification des pratiques d’élevage s’est accompagnée de l’émergence de pathologies de production, notamment des mammites. Il s’agit d’une inflammation de la glande mammaire, d’origine bactérienne dans la majeure partie des cas. Les mammites constituent à elles seules la première source de pertes financières des cheptels bovins laitiers en France et dans le monde. Néanmoins aucun traitement prophylactique ne permet à ce jour une action préventive à long terme. Parmi les agents étiologiques majeurs des mammites, Escherichia coli (E. coli) tient son importance du fait de sa prévalence et de son impact sur les rendements et la qualité du lait. La part des facteurs de l’hôte dans la capacité à éliminer le pathogène causal est relativement avérée, tandis que le lien entre caractéristiques bactériennes et sévérité de l’infection est plus délicat à établir. Cette étude s’attache donc à déterminer si les interactions entre E. coli et la glande mammaire, en particulier les cellules épithéliales mammaires (CEM) et les neutrophiles, peuvent expliquer des degrés de sévérité variables. L’influence du lait sur ces interactions a également été investiguée. / Along with agricultural intensification of animal production, some pathologies have emerge, especially mastitis. This disease corresponds to an inflammation of the udder, and is generally provoked by bacterial infection. Mastitis on their own constitute the main source of financial impairments within dairy herds in France and worldwide. So far, there is no treatment able to prevent mastitis over time. Among major mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli) is of great importance, because of its prevalence and its impacts on milk yield and quality. The mastitis severity has proven to be linked to host factors, but the implication of bacterial characteristics remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed at deciphering whether interactions between E. coli and the mammary gland, especially the mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and neutrophils, may explain a variability in mastitis severity. Influence of milk on these interactions was also investigated. Mammites bovines Escherichia coli Cellule épithéliale mammaire Neutrophile L-17A MAMP Motif moléculaire associé aux microbes Bovine mastitis Escherichia coli Mammary epithelial cell Neutrophil L-17A MAMP Microbial-associated molecular pattern
82	Etude du comportement d'un implant BCP pour la réparation du septum nasal Le Taillandier de Gabory, Ludovic 04 May 2010 (has links) Le septum nasal joue un rôle prépondérant dans la croissance de l’étage moyen de la face et la physiologie ventilatoire. Sa solidité, sa rectitude et sa position sagittale sont déterminantes pour percevoir un confort respiratoire diurne et nocturne. Vulnérable aux traumatismes de part sa projection antérieure, la destruction ou l’inefficience de son squelette entraîne une demande de réparation fonctionnelle et esthétique. Dans les cas les plus sévères, le remplacement tissulaire fait appel à des volumineux greffons autologues pour lesquels la morbidité du site donneur et leurs imperfections propres restent un écueil. Pour les remplacer, certains biomatériaux ont été essayés de manière empirique sans donner de résultats fiables. Le premier objectif de notre travail été d’évaluer le comportement d’un implant phosphocalcique biphasique pour la reconstruction du septum nasal afin d’éviter ces greffons tout en répondant aux objectifs biofonctionnels locaux, au contact d’un milieu septique et susceptible d’être exposé aux particules aéroportées de l’environnement. Le deuxième objectif était d’évaluer la cytotoxicité des nanotubes de carbone à double paroi sur des cellules de l’arbre respiratoire, premier organe concerné par une exposition potentielle lors de leur fabrication. Par la suite, les résultats de ces deux sujets différents ont été utilisés de manière synergique pour répondre au troisième objectif qui était, d’évaluer l’influence des nanotubes de carbone sur la cicatrisation du septum nasal en présence ou non de l’implant phosphocalcique. / The nasal septum plays a paramount role in the growth of the face and respiratory physiology. Its solidity, its straightness and its sagittal position are determining to perceive a diurnal and night respiratory comfort. Vulnerable to the traumas, the destruction or the inefficiency of its skeleton involves request for a functional and aesthetic repair. In severe cases, the tissue replacement requires large autologous grafts for which the morbidity of the donor site and their own imperfections remain a problem. To replace them, certain biomaterials were tested in an empirical way without giving reliable results. The primary goal of our work was to evaluate the behaviour of a biphasic phosphocalcic implant to repair nasal septum in order to avoid these grafts with an adapted biofunctional implant, exposed to the septic nasal content and the airborne particles of the environment. The second objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the double wall carbon nanotubes on epithelial respiratory cells, first organ concerned by a potential exposure during their manufacture. Thereafter, the results of these two different subjects were used in a synergistic way to answer the third objective which was, to evaluate the influence of the carbon nanotubes on the cicatrization of the nasal septum in presence or not of the phosphocalcic implant. Biomatériau Céramique Hydroxyapatite Phosphate tricalcique béta Cytocompatibilité Biocompatibilité Septum nasal Nez ensellé Cellule épithéliale Voie respiratoire Nanotubes de carbone Nanoparticules Biomaterial Hydroxyapatite Nasal septum Epithelial cell Carbon nanotube Respiratory tract Nanoparticle Saddle nose
83	Prognostic Role of a Multimarker Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells in Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinomas Kubisch, Ilja, de Albuquerque, Andreia, Schuppan, Detlef, Kaul, Sepp, Schaich, Markus, Stölzel, Ulrich 20 May 2020 (has links) Objective: We aimed to assess the prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. Methods: The presence of CTC was evaluated in 62 patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas before systemic therapy and at follow-up through immunomagnetic enrichment for mucin 1- and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive cells, followed by real-time RT-PCR of the tumor-associated genes KRT19 , MUC1 , EPCAM , CEACAM5 and BIRC5 . Results: The patients were stratified into groups according to CTC detection (CTC negative: with all marker genes negative; CTC positive: with at least 1 of the marker genes positive). Patients who were CTC positive at baseline had a significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS; 3.5 months, 95% CI: 2.9–4.2) and overall survival (OS; 5.8 months, 95% CI: 4.5–7.0) than patients lacking CTC (PFS 10.7 months, 95% CI: 6.9–14.4, p < 0.001; OS 13.3 months, 95% CI: 8.0–18.6, p = 0.003). Alterations in the marker profile during the course of chemotherapy were not predictive of clinical outcome or response to therapy. Yet, a favorable clinical response depended significantly on CTC negativity (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the presence of CTC is a major predictor of outcome in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal malignancies. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610 ddc:610
84	Using MicroRNAs 146a and 155 to Mitigate Barotrauma and Atelectrauma in Simulated Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury Chang, Christopher J. 23 August 2018 (has links) No description available. Biomedical Engineering lung injury acute lung injury acute respiratory distress syndrome ventilator-induced lung injury microRNA miR-155 miR-146a atelectrauma barotrauma extracellular vesicle lung epithelial cell alveolar macrophage
85	The Paradoxical Roles of Oncostatin M in Mammary Epithelial Cell Senescence and Transformation Bryson, Benjamin Levi 02 February 2018 (has links) No description available. Biochemistry Biology Biomedical Research Cellular Biology Genetics Health Sciences Medicine Molecular Biology Pathology senescence breast cancer cancer stem cell cytokine epithelial-mesenchymal transition human mammary epithelial cell Oncostatin M Transforming Growth Factor-beta tumor microenvironment invasion MYC SMAD3 STAT3 cell plasticity Snail CD44 CD24
86	Role of Ring1B in ephitelial to mesenchimal transition, invasion and migration of mammary epithelial cells Bosch Gutiérrez, Almudena 21 December 2009 (has links) The Polycomb group (PcG) family of proteins form chromatin-modifying complexes essential for embryonic development, and stem cell renewal and are commonly deregulated in cancer. There are several reports that address the possible implication of PcG proteins in tumor progression and metastasis, but very little is known about the specific role of these proteins in tumor progression and invasion. On the other hand, the molecular processes of the worst cancer prognosis, metastasis, which leads to an incurable disease, are yet incompletely elucidated. Here we show a role for Ring1B, a PcG protein, in three processes related to metastasis: in the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a critical morphogenic event that occurs during embryonic development and during the progression of various epithelial tumors, an in the migration and the invasion of mammary epithelial cells. / Las proteínas del grupo Polycomb (PcG) forman complejos modificadores de la cromatina esenciales en el desarrollo embrionario y en la renovación de las células madre, y su desregulación ha sido asociada al cáncer. Varios estudios muestran la posible implicación de las proteínas de PcG en la progresión tumoral y en la metástasis, pero a pesar de ello se sabe muy poco de los procesos moleculares en los que estas proteínas están participando. Por otro lado, los procesos moleculares responsables del peor pronóstico en cáncer, la metástasis, que continua siendo una enfermedad incurable, siguen sin estar completamente elucidados. En esta disertación mostramos el papel de Ring1B, una proteína del PcG, en tres procesos implicados en la metástasis: en la transición epitelio-mesénquima (EMT), un proceso morfogénico crítico en el desarrollo embrionario y durante la progresión de varios cánceres epiteliales, y en la migración y la invasión de las células epiteliales mamarias. Tgf- SIS3 (inhibidor específico de Smad3) Egf Hgf Tgf-β citoquina xenografo Kaplan-meier cáncer de mama humano inmunocitofluorescencia inmunohistoquímica ChIP (immunoprecipitación de cromatina) western blot ADN proteína ARN DCIS (carcinoma ductal in situ) IDC (carcinoma ductal infiltrante) E-caderina célula epitelial glándula mamaria invasión migración metástasis transición epitelio mesénquima cancer mama familia p53 Fak epigenética p63 Ring1b Polycomb SIS3 (specific inhibitor of smad3) Egf Tgf- Hgf Tgf-β cytokine xenograft Kaplanmeier human breast cancer immunocytofluorescence immunohistochemistry ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) DNA protein western blot RNA IDC (infiltrating ductal carcinoma) DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) E-cadherin epithelial cell mammary gland invasion migration metastasis epithelial to mesenchymal transition cancer breast p53 family Fak p63 Ring1B epigenetic Polycomb 57 61
87	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology
88	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology

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