Global ETD Search

51	Système pénal et politique criminelle : interférences et spécificités / Penal system and criminal policies : interferences and specificities Beji, Noël 09 May 2011 (has links) La politique criminelle est liée à un mode de fonctionnement particulier rattaché aux différences conceptuelles et structurelles des systèmes pénaux. Ainsi les solutions au phénomène criminel sont spécifiques à un mode de construction sociale dont la cohérence et l’efficience exigent la compatibilité de la conception de la politique criminelle avec le système pénal.La construction d’une justice pénale se distingue par sa configuration exclusive et par une lecture particulière des institutions qui la compose. Elle se réalise à travers un enchainement intellectuel spécifique qui intègre sa filiation historique, politique et sociale pour former un ensemble de références communes. / The conceptual and structural differences between penal systems and the operating mode of the criminal policies linked to these differences.The solutions to the criminal phenomenon are specific to a social construction model, which its consistency and efficiency require the compatibility of the criminal policy and the penal system.The construction of a criminal justice is distinguished by the exclusivity of its configuration and by a particular lecture of its institutions. It is performed throw an intellectual chaining that incorporates its historical, political and social filiations to realize a set of common references. Système pénal Politique criminelle Modèle inquisitoire Modèle accusatoire Incarcération Resocialisation Individualisation de la peine Peines alternatives Penal système Criminal policy Adversial Inquisitorial Individualization Socialization Socio-judicial monitoring Delinquency Jail Victim Plea bargaining
52	O princípio da congruência no processo individual do trabalho / The principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process Lourenção, Manuela da Palma Coelho Germano 18 April 2011 (has links) A presente dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo da aplicação do princípio da congruência no Processo Individual do Trabalho. Tal princípio caracteriza-se pelo caráter restritivo da atuação judicial, vinculando a prolação de sentença aos limites da lide. A problemática centra-se no entendimento do conceito de lide, ora entendido simplesmente como pedido, ora como a matéria fática e jurídica levada aos autos, permitindo-se ao magistrado conhecer de pedidos não formulados expressamente, desde que os fatos a eles pertinentes tenham sido discutidos nos autos. A partir da Teoria Instrumentalista do Processo, que admite este modo de resolução de conflitos como um meio para a efetividade do Direito Material, buscou-se identificar a possibilidade de flexibilização do princípio da congruência no Processo Individual do Trabalho, tendo em vista que o estudo deste princípio revelou que a doutrina e a jurisprudência civil e trabalhista já permitem sua relativização ou mitigação em determinados casos, em especial quando se trata da aplicação de norma de ordem pública, uma das características do Direito Material do Trabalho. Ademais, considerando as questões linguísticas implicadas na formulação da pretensão da parte e da sentença, foi feita pesquisa jurisprudencial no sítio eletrônico do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, de modo a identificar as relações hermenêuticas estabelecidas entre o pedido e a decisão final neste tribunal. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 149 decisões em que se discute a existência ou não de julgamento além dos limites da lide, destacando-se os casos em que o tribunal considerou desnecessária a formulação de pedido expresso para a concessão de direito trabalhista / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the use of the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process. This principle is defined by the restrictive aspect of the acts of the judge, binding the sentence to the matters under dispute. The core discussion lies on the identification of such matters, which can be seen as simply the pleadings expressed by the parties or as all the matters in connection with the facts merely mentioned by them. The latter position would allow the judicial authority to pronounce a sentence addressing additional matters that were not expressly pleaded by the parties. Based on the idea that the due process of law is an instrument to achieve effectiveness of legal commands, on the already accepted exception of this principle when it comes to public order rules, and also on the assumption that labor law is of public order, this dissertation analyzed the possibility of disregarding the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process in order to enhance the legal award. In addition to the theoretical analysis, a wide research on the website of the superior labor court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) was carried out in order to verify the hermeneutical relations between the pleadings and the dispositions of the judicial decision. Bearing such an objective in mind, 149 decisions on the alleged violation of the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita were selected and analyzed, focusing on those awards in which the court considered irrelevant the existence of an express pleading in order to grant or deny a specific labor right. Case law Defendant\'s answer Direito do trabalho Entailment Judgement Labour law Labour legal proceedings Limit Plaintiff\'s complaint Plea Power of the Judge Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita Principles of law Processo trabalhista Suit
53	Les dispositifs juridiques internationaux de lutte contre la corruption des agents publics étrangers / The international normative framework combating the corruption of foreign public officials Fitzgerald, Philip 26 November 2011 (has links) Les États ont depuis de nombreuses années incriminé la corruption des agents publics nationaux. La crise de l'énergie de 1973 et la fin de la guerre froide de 1989 ont néanmoins stimulé l'apparition d’une forme spécifique de corruption jusqu’alors passé sous silence par les textes juridiques : la corruption d’un agent public étranger. La lutte contre la corruption des agents publics étrangers a récemment connu un essor international normatif considérable notamment avec l’entrée en vigueur de plusieurs conventions internationales à visée régionale et universelle. La genèse de cette réaction internationale est avant tout d’inspiration étatsunienne. Promulgué aux États-Unis en 1977 dans le sillage de l’affaire du Watergate, le Foreign Corrupt Practices Act fut la première loi nationale incriminant la corruption d’un agent public étranger. Cette loi est progressivement devenue la matrice des textes internationaux ultérieurs. La lutte contre la corruption internationale doit faire face aux difficultés de mise en œuvre qui sont inhérentes à l’application des conventions internationales. Il est parfois estimé que ce dispositif juridique international n’est pas toujours d’une efficacité parfaite. Un premier niveau de recherche qui consiste à opérer une analyse des textes juridiques, conduira à étudier la dimension opératoire des dispositifs en vigueur. A la lumière des avis des praticiens contemporains de lutte contre la corruption, un second niveau d’analyse complétant le premier aura pour objectif final de formuler des propositions d’amélioration des mécanismes juridiques existants en droit international positif. / States have criminalised the corruption of their national public officials for many years. The 1973 energy crisis and the end of the Cold War catalyzed however the increase of a specific form of corruption which had been until that point largely ignored by the legislators: the corruption of a foreign public official. The combat against the corruption of foreign public officials has recently witnessed major international normative developments notably with the entry into force of several international conventions at regional and global levels. The genesis of this international reaction can largely be attributed to the United States. In the wake of the Watergate scandal, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act was signed into law by President Carter in 1977 becoming the first national legislation criminalising the corruption of foreign public officials. This law progressively became the template of the future international texts. The fight against this form of corruption faces many of the enforcement difficulties which are inherent to the application of international conventions. The efficacy of the international legal framework can logically be questioned. A primary analysis of the pertinent legal instruments will therefore attempt to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this framework. In the light of the opinion of various experts in the combat against corruption, a second level of analysis which completes the first shall formulate proposals to improve the existing legal mechanisms in current international law. Agent public étranger Commerce international Coopération judiciaire interétatique Coopération active Cour pénale internationale Justice transactionnelle Foreign public official International business International judicial cooperation Active bribery International Criminal Court Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Plea aggreements Monitoring
54	The United Nations ad hoc Tribunals' effectivenesss in prosecuting international crimes Mutabazi, Etienne 08 1900 (has links) During the 1990s Yugoslavia and Rwanda were swept by wars accompanied by serious violations of international humanitarian law. Grave and severe crimes wiped away lives and destroyed properties. The United Nations Security Council determined that the violations committed constituted threats to international peace and security, declaring itself empowered to take action. It established international ad hoc criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda with the mandate of prosecuting individuals responsible for those crimes as an enforcement measure under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Investigating the tribunals’ effectiveness enables one to assess whether they achieved the anticipated outcomes based on the tribunals’ mission, goals, and objectives without creating other problems. The research relies on naturalism and positivism to put the tribunals in a moral and ethical perspective. By examining how the tribunals were established, their objectives, the investigation and prosecution processes, the reliance on guilty plea and judicial notice and the imputation of criminal responsibility by applying joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility doctrines; the study argues that prosecution has not been an effective tool as contemplated by the Security Council. An analytical and comparative review of various domestic and international legal resources helped to provide an insightful approach for an effective prosecution of international crimes. Credible, legitimate and legal judicial institutions in which professional judges and prosecutors discharge their function independently, impartially and are accountable may achieve justice for the victims of international crimes. Ad hoc tribunals failed to thoroughly investigate and assume the dual role of prosecution. They conveniently used legal procedural tools that fit petty domestic crimes; unfortunately demeaning the magnitude of international crimes of concern. Criminal responsibility was mostly imputed without properly scrutinising the legality, extent, actual participation and guilty mind of the alleged perpetrators. Effectiveness should be a value assessment. Imposed and overburdened ad hoc tribunals are inappropriate and should be abandoned. / Public, Constitutional, and International / LL. D. Command responsibility Effectiveness Ethics Guilty plea International crimes International tribunal Investigations Joint criminal enterprise Judicial notice Prosecution 341.690268 International criminal courts Crimes against humanity Criminal liability (International law) Human rights Effectiveness and validity of law
55	La négociation en matière pénale / Negotiating in the field of criminal law Cabon, Sarah-Marie 05 December 2014 (has links) Parler de négociation en matière pénale peut, de prime abord, semblerantinomique. Issue par tradition du modèle accusatoire de justice pénale, la logiqued’intégration du consensus dans le champ de la répression s’observe pourtant dans lesystème procédural à l’égard de procédures dont le fonctionnement est entièrementconditionné par l’aveu. Instrument au service de la répression des pratiquesanticoncurrentielles, du traitement du contentieux de masse ou de la lutte contre lacriminalité organisée, la négociation se présente aujourd’hui comme un processus dont lelégislateur ne peut plus faire l’économie. De ce constat est née la volonté d’appréhender lephénomène au moyen d’une définition qui permet d’une part, de mieux cerner l’articulationdes diverses modalités de la négociation avec les modes de réponse pénale traditionnels,d’autre part d’en apprécier les conséquences notamment au regard des principes directeursde la matière. Plaçant l’autorité de poursuite au rang d’acteur principal du système judiciaire,le processus de négociation nécessite l’élaboration d’un cadre juridique strict afin d’assurerla garantie des droits fondamentaux du justiciable. Si l’échange qui s’établit entre l’autoritéde poursuite et la personne mise en cause révèle l’existence d’un accord, l’étude dufonctionnement concret des procédures de négociation ne permet pas de conclure à laréalité d’un contrat. Illustration de la logique probatoire à l’oeuvre dans le système répressifnord-américain, le développement de la négociation doit s’inscrire dans le respect d’unéquilibre entre les impératifs d’efficacité et le respect des principes qui confèrent à la justicepénale française son identité. / One can have reservations about the idea of negotiation in criminal law. Yet, theinitiative of reaching consensus in the field of repression – an initiative that derives from thetraditional adversarial model of criminal justice – can nevertheless be observed in theprocedural system with regard to procedures the implementation of which is entirelydetermined by the confession. The negotiation has been used to curb anti-competitivepractices, to handle class action lawsuits or to fight organized crime, and has definitelybecome a key process for lawmakers to consider. This observation has led to an examinationof this phenomenon through a definition which shall help to understand, on the one hand, thearticulation of the many forms of negotiation with the standard criminal procedure, and on theother, to appraise its consequences, especially those that are in conformity with the mainguiding principles of criminal justice. By placing the prosecution at the center of the justicesystem, plea-bargaining requires a strict legal framework to protect the basic rights of peoplesubject to trial. If discussions between the prosecution and the defendant have brought tolight some sort of agreement, the study of the inner workings of the bargaining procedureshas not exposed the existence of a contract. This dissertation aims to demonstrate that thecurrent development of plea-bargaining, a process which is illustrative of the probationaryrationale of the repressive North American criminal justice system, calls for some balancebetween the imperatives of efficiency and the respect of the distinctive characteristics of theFrench justice system. Aveu Procédures de négociation Modèles accusatoires et inquisitoires Plaider coupable Procès équitable Accord Contrat Régulation Homologation Autorité de la concurrence Clémence Criminalité organisée Collaborateurs de justice Confession Negociation procedures Adversarial and inquisitorial systems Plea bargaining Due process Contract Regulation Antitrust division lenienct program Legal collaborators 340
56	澳門刑事和解制度初探 / Primary research on the criminal reconciliation system in Macau 楊秀莉 January 2012 (has links) University of Macau / Faculty of Law Plea bargaining -- Macau 抗辯談判 -- 澳門 Pleas (Criminal procedure) -- Macau 抗辯 (刑事訴訟法) -- 澳門中文法學 -- 法學院
57	Justiça penal negociada: o processo penal pelas partes Alencar, Paulo Wunder de 29 February 2016 (has links) Submitted by PAULO WUNDER DE ALENCAR (wunder.paulo@gmail.com) on 2016-04-07T14:41:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado FGV - versão final protocolada.pdf: 1568686 bytes, checksum: 114d88a6e9dbad0aefd059e793313b4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-04-25T18:44:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado FGV - versão final protocolada.pdf: 1568686 bytes, checksum: 114d88a6e9dbad0aefd059e793313b4b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-04-27T17:29:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado FGV - versão final protocolada.pdf: 1568686 bytes, checksum: 114d88a6e9dbad0aefd059e793313b4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado FGV - versão final protocolada.pdf: 1568686 bytes, checksum: 114d88a6e9dbad0aefd059e793313b4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / This paper seeks to analyse the applicability of criminal justice negotiation in the Brazilian legal system from the role played by the parties in criminal proceedings. Therefore, in relation to the Prosecutor activity, will be studied the functions carried out by its members, as well as the main institutional features, in order to interpret the nature of the criminal action, especially the dilemma between the obligation or discretion in the performance of his duties. Moreover, in regard with the accused, will be examined the possibility of legal restrictions on his fundamental rights and the waiver of the performance of his individual procedural guarantees. Finally, from the evolution of the current panorama of the criminal agreements existing in the Brazilian legislation, it is expected to be verified if there is a trend of strengthening the role of the parties and defocusing of the figure of the judge as the regulator of the criminal procedures, with the Prosecutor negotiating directly with the accused the effects of his criminals conducts. / O presente trabalho busca analisar a aplicabilidade da Justiça Penal Negociada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a partir do papel desempenhado pelas partes no processo penal. Nesse sentido, quanto ao Ministério Público, serão estudadas as funções exercidas pelos seus membros, bem como as principais características institucionais, a fim de se interpretar a natureza da sua atividade na promoção da ação penal pública, especialmente o dilema entre a possibilidade de atuação discricionária ou a sua vinculação à obrigatoriedade. Em relação ao imputado, serão examinadas a possibilidade jurídica de limitação infraconstitucional aos seus direitos fundamentais e de renúncia ao exercício das suas garantias processuais individuais. Por fim, a partir do atual panorama evolutivo dos acordos criminais existentes na nossa legislação, espera-se verificar se de fato há uma tendência de fortalecimento do papel das partes e de desfocalização da figura do juiz, passando para o Ministério Público a tarefa de regulador do processo penal, ao negociar com o imputado as repercussões penais de suas condutas. Regulation of criminal law Public prosecutor Discretionary Waiver of fundamental rights Consensuality Plea agreements Regulação do processo penal Ministério Público Consensualidade Acordos penais Discricionariedade Renúncia a direitos fundamentais Direito Processo penal - Brasil Poder discricionário Direitos fundamentais Direito regulatório - Brasil
58	O princípio da congruência no processo individual do trabalho / The principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process Manuela da Palma Coelho Germano Lourenção 18 April 2011 (has links) A presente dissertação tem por objetivo o estudo da aplicação do princípio da congruência no Processo Individual do Trabalho. Tal princípio caracteriza-se pelo caráter restritivo da atuação judicial, vinculando a prolação de sentença aos limites da lide. A problemática centra-se no entendimento do conceito de lide, ora entendido simplesmente como pedido, ora como a matéria fática e jurídica levada aos autos, permitindo-se ao magistrado conhecer de pedidos não formulados expressamente, desde que os fatos a eles pertinentes tenham sido discutidos nos autos. A partir da Teoria Instrumentalista do Processo, que admite este modo de resolução de conflitos como um meio para a efetividade do Direito Material, buscou-se identificar a possibilidade de flexibilização do princípio da congruência no Processo Individual do Trabalho, tendo em vista que o estudo deste princípio revelou que a doutrina e a jurisprudência civil e trabalhista já permitem sua relativização ou mitigação em determinados casos, em especial quando se trata da aplicação de norma de ordem pública, uma das características do Direito Material do Trabalho. Ademais, considerando as questões linguísticas implicadas na formulação da pretensão da parte e da sentença, foi feita pesquisa jurisprudencial no sítio eletrônico do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, de modo a identificar as relações hermenêuticas estabelecidas entre o pedido e a decisão final neste tribunal. Para tanto, foram selecionadas 149 decisões em que se discute a existência ou não de julgamento além dos limites da lide, destacando-se os casos em que o tribunal considerou desnecessária a formulação de pedido expresso para a concessão de direito trabalhista / The purpose of this dissertation is to study the use of the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process. This principle is defined by the restrictive aspect of the acts of the judge, binding the sentence to the matters under dispute. The core discussion lies on the identification of such matters, which can be seen as simply the pleadings expressed by the parties or as all the matters in connection with the facts merely mentioned by them. The latter position would allow the judicial authority to pronounce a sentence addressing additional matters that were not expressly pleaded by the parties. Based on the idea that the due process of law is an instrument to achieve effectiveness of legal commands, on the already accepted exception of this principle when it comes to public order rules, and also on the assumption that labor law is of public order, this dissertation analyzed the possibility of disregarding the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita in individual labor process in order to enhance the legal award. In addition to the theoretical analysis, a wide research on the website of the superior labor court (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) was carried out in order to verify the hermeneutical relations between the pleadings and the dispositions of the judicial decision. Bearing such an objective in mind, 149 decisions on the alleged violation of the Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita were selected and analyzed, focusing on those awards in which the court considered irrelevant the existence of an express pleading in order to grant or deny a specific labor right. Direito do trabalho Processo trabalhista Case law Defendant\'s answer Entailment Judgement Labour law Labour legal proceedings Limit Plaintiff\'s complaint Plea Power of the Judge Principle of Ne Ultra et Extra Petita Principles of law Suit
59	La justice restaurative : étude comparée du droit thaïlandais et du droit français Wiboonsamai, Sakwut 06 December 2011 (has links) L’émergence de la justice restaurative est le résultat d’une certaine inefficacité de la justice pénale classique. Le concept de la justice restaurative propose de répondre d’une façon novatrice à la criminalité et aux conflits. La justice restaurative se révèle être aujourd’hui une voie prometteuse de consolidation de l’harmonie sociale. Elle cherche à soutenir toutes les personnes impliquées (les victimes, les délinquants et les membres de la communauté), à leur donner des possibilités de participer et de communiquer et ainsi à favoriser une démarche de réparation afin de rétablir les liens sociaux brisés suite à l’infraction. Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative, les modalités et les mesures rencontrées notamment en France et en Thaïlande. À cet effet, nous avons posé deux questions centrales, à savoir : Quel est le cadre général et juridique de la justice restaurative ? ainsi que : Quelles sont les mesures existantes déclinées pour la mise en œuvre de la justice restaurative ? Grâce aux réponses apportées à ces questions, nous pourrons mieux connaître et comprendre la justice restaurative en France et en Thaïlande. / The emergence of restorative justice is the result of inefficiency of the classic criminal justice process. The concept of restorative justice offers innovative approach to crime and conflict. It appears to be a promising way to consolidate social harmony by supporting all the people involved (victims, offenders and community members). Restorative justice gives them opportunities to participate and communicate; and encourages a process of repair in order to mend the broken society bonds caused by offense. The aim of this thesis is to know about and understand terms and measures encountered during restorative justice programme in Thailand and in France. To do this, we need to answer two questions: what are the general and legal frameworks of restorative justice? and what are the existing measures implemented on the restorative justice? The answers of these questions should give us a better understanding of the restorative justice of both countries. Alternative à la prison Alternative aux poursuites Aménagement des peines Composition pénale Justice réparatrice Justice restaurative Médiation pénale Alternative dispute resolution Alternative to prison Alternatives to prosecution Mediation Plea bargaining Restorative justice
60	The trial in literature. A study of the legal aspects in three emblematic novels: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, by Dickens; Billy Budd, by Melville; and The Bonfire of the Vanities, by Tom Wolfe / El proceso en la literatura. Análisis de los aspectos jurídicos de tres obras emblemáticas: Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, de Dickens; Billy Budd, de Melville; y La hoguera de las vanidades, de Tom Wolfe Zolezzi Ibárcena, Lorenzo 10 April 2018 (has links) The plots of Billy Budd and The Bonfire of the Vanities are organized entirely around a lawsuit. In The Pickwick Papers the trial is only a part, though an important one, of a series of related adventures in which the main characters of the novel participate. In the three novels there is a trial in which the accused is found guilty, although he is actually innocent. In The Posthumous Papers of the Club Pickwick, the author’s main purpose is to present the operation of the legal system, in which the modus operandi of unscrupulous lawyers, who rely only on cheating and deceiving methods, is atthe beginning of and determines the outcome of the lawsuit. In Billy Budd, an innocent is sentenced to death in order to preserve a supposed higher interest: the common good. In The Bonfire of the Vanities, political factors, personal interests, resentments and other worldly elements determine the outcome of the trial. In the three cases, the watchmaking mechanism that a lawsuit appears to be is completely overcome by factors outside it. / Las tramas de Billy Budd y La hoguera de las vanidades están organizadas íntegramente alrededor de un juicio. En Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, el proceso es una parte importante de la obra, pero también existen aventuras relacionadas en las que participan los diversos personajes. En los tres juicios se juzga a un inocente. En Los papeles póstumos del Club Pickwick, el autor busca presentar el funcionamiento real del sistema legal, en el cual el modus operandi de abogados inescrupulosos, quienes emplean únicamente métodos tramposos y fraudulentos, determina el origen y el resultado del proceso. En Billy Budd, un inocente es condenado a muerte para preservar un supuesto interés mayor: el bien común. En La hoguera de las vanidades, factores políticos, intereses personales, resentimientos y otros elementos de carácter mundano determinan el resultado del proceso. En los tres casos, el mecanismo de relojería que parece ser el proceso es totalmente sobrepasado por factores externos al mismo. Law Process Legal Culture Statute Justice Equity Breach Of Promise Lawyers Solicitors Barristers Trick Deceit Witnesses For Hire Debtor’s Prison Handsome Sailor Vocal Impediment Master-At- Arms Mutiny Drumhead Court Utilitarianism Plea Bargaining Wasp District Attorney Great Jury Proceso Cultura Legal Ley Justicia Equidad Ruptura De Promesa Matrimonial Abogados Solicitors Barristers Trampas Triquiñuelas Testigos De Alquiler Prisión De Insolventes Bello Marinero Defecto Del Habla Maestro De Armas Motín Corte Marcial Utilitarismo Plea Bargaining Wasp Fiscal De Distrito Gran Jurado;

Search results