There is a general conception among those who are involved in the school-sector that there is a relation between resources and results. Better qualified teachers, smaller classes and schools with more finacial funding are regarded as better learning and development conditions for pupils (Gustafsson 2008). In spite of these widespread understanding, educational and economic research studies at the beginning of the 20th century had reached the verdict that resources have no bearing on educational results (Gustafsson 2008). The Swedish board of education (Skolverket) have published several reports, studies and surveys regarding the relation between resources and student outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the message of six publications from the Swedish board of education around the relationship between resources and student outcomes on the basis of the decentralization of the Swedish school in the 1990´s. The central question at issue is whether the Swedish board of education has been consistent in their message about the relationship between resources and results in the six publications between 1994-2009? I have also attempted to answer the resulting questions of my conclusion. This study is based on a qualitative text analysis. This means that text, in this case the publications from the Swedish board of education, is the object of the analysis. The result of this study is that the Swedish board of education in the middle of the 1990´s conveyed the message that there is no relationship between resources and results, or in any case that their and a large number of other research studies indicate this. This message has since changed. In their publications from the 21st century they distinctly express that such an relation does exist. This study consequently demonstrates that the Swedish board of education has not carried a consistent message in their publications. In the paper two possible explanations for the divided message from the Swedish board of education are presented. The first is that the Swedish board of education has been a victim of the methodological difficulties within the field of research. The second explanation is that the inconsistent message is a result of economic thinking from the Swedish board of education. The paper also goes on to discuss the Swedish board of educations use of human capital theory and the view on knowledge and learning.

Projects is the most common work model within the cultural area, but what is a cultural project? The definition of cultural projects is ambiguous. There are also no compiled information about what it means for culture to be pursued in project form. Scientific research about traditional project management and success criterias are wide-ranging. So is the scientific research about cultural studies and cultural policy. Which perspectives exists concerning successful cultural projects? This study is constructed from qualitative interviews with cultural producers and cultural perpetrators having been funded by Region Wermland. The empirical material is analyzed using a project model for success criterias. The result of the study indicates through the model similarities and differences, and presents an alternative model compatible with cultural projects. In the suggested model there appears to be three main sections: project management success, product success and market success. Project management success contains the framework for time and cost, derived from the classic iron triangle. However the quality goal aspect has been moved to the section product success. A common denominator in the researched projects is the concept popular adult education in relation to a successful outcome. The study presents a model that increases the understanding of the complexity of cultural projects.

Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, få en överblick, samt större förståelse för min egen lärandeprocess i a prima vista-spel. I bakgrundskapitlet beskrivs några metoder och strategier för att utveckla a vista-spel, samt tankesätt kring a vista-spel i dagens musiksamhälle. För att observera min övning i a vista-spel, användes videoinspelningar, loggbok samt självobservation. I övningen användes pedagogiska a vista-träningsböcker samt visböcker, med blandad repertoar. Resultatet visade att användning av redskap såsom; metronom, träningsböcker, kropp, samt noter ledde övningen framåt. God kroppshållning och teknik visade sig också vara avgörande för ett mer säkert a vista-spel. I diskussionsdelen jämförs temaresultat, metronom, material, kroppshållning, omtagningar samt noter med tidigare forskning och litteratur. / The purpose of this study is to observe and understand my learning process in sight-reading from a socio-cultural perspective. The second chapter is about the methods and strategies which can improve sight-reading and about the thoughts of sight-reading by musicians of today. Video recordings and a logbook were used to observe my practice in sight-reading. In this practice pedagogic sight-reading materials and songbooks with a wide repertoire also were used. The result showed that the use of tools like; metronome, work of material, the body, and notes of music improved my practice. For a good result a good posture and technique also proved to be important. In the last chapter my theme results, metronome, material, posture, retakes and notes of music were compared with previous research and literature.

The focus of this thesis is the group as a pedagogical tool. It investigates whether and how what is known of group size can help further schools in fulfilling knowledge and democracy goals and moreover how such knowledge can influence the principals’ management. The mission of school education is to provide the basis for each pupil’s individual development and in the end it is pupils’ individual performances which are graded. However, during the full twelve years of schooling they are taught in groups. This indicates that school education could benefit from greater knowledge in regards to characteristics of different group sizes and accordingly their numerical prerequisites in various pedagogical contexts.The aim of the study is to illuminate and research the relationship between group size and the teaching of teenage pupils, from a school management perspective. The question formulation of the study is: How do a few principals think concerning categorization, the basis thereof, and the importance of group size for the work of the teacher and the learning of the pupil? The study applies a social psychological perspective. To further deepen the perspective, the study has methodologically been inspired by categorical analysis. The question formulation is explored through a set of in-depth interviews with five experienced principals.There is little or no research on the dynamics of teaching groups in school environments, particularly concerning older pupils. Previous research though indicates that there is no unequivocal relation between group size and learning outcomes. There are clear connections between learning outcomes and the competence of the teacher, and relations, communication and the social climate of the classroom. These aspects are in turn influenced by the dynamics of different group sizes. Expectations of the teacher also greatly influence the learning of pupils. This relates to group size via the self image of the group which in turn effects the achievements of the individual. Teacher expectations also are influenced by value categorizations of the group. Previous research show that conscious use of different group sizes, large groups in particular, potentially could support schools in regards the democracy related goals.The interviews show that principals have a general understanding of that a teaching group can be, and further some knowledge of the dynamics of the small group, less so of the median group and none of the large group. Large groups are not regarded, and never used, as teaching groups. The study indicates that flexibility in regards to the aim of the teaching and the need of the pupils is more desirable than stability in the organization of groups when it comes to group size. This is counteracted by the school tradition. The study gives several examples of categorizations but no clear answers as to how the valuation of the categories of groups sizes are constructed. It is illustrated that questions of group dynamics seldom are part of conversations of pedagogical nature among teachers in the schools whose principals are part of the study. The principals regard themselves as the ones most competent concerning matters of group size, but do not express this as being part of the pedagogical leadership. None of the principals believe their organizations are currently making optimal use of the group.

As the introduction of renewable energy sources increase in the power market, the need for effective use of electricity by consumers gains importance. The Swedishpower market is characterized by demand inelasticity. Thus, resulting in a system where supply follows demand. Increased demand response in electricity markets is essential in order to cope with future challenges. Electricity retailers can encourage an increased demand response by offering contracts to their customers such as “Realtime pricing” and “Fixed price with the right to return”. Under these contracts consumers are exposed to the hourly prices of electricity, thus benefitting by shifting the load to hours when the price is low. Electricity retailers benefits theoretically by risk eliminations. The aim of this paper is to quantify the economic consequences of increased demand response, for electricity retailers by offering the two contracts.This is done in two parts; firstly a simulation model of demand response is developed based on spot prices and different levels of price elasticity, secondly the results from the simulations are used in a model for calculations regarding an electricity retailers’ economy. The results show that an electricity retailers’ profit increases with increased demand response, greater response results in greater profits. Using low,medium and high demand response results in a profit increase of 34 %, 38 % and 55 % respectively. / Marknadsbaserade styrmedel i bostadssektorn

Syfte: Årsredovisningar är ett av de viktigaste informationsdokumenten som börsnoterade företag ger ut till sina aktieägare, läsbarheten i dessa blir således viktig. Det finns incitament för chefer inom företagen att vilja mörka sämre prestationer för egen vinning. Styrelsesammansättning kan även tänkas påverka ä̈sbarhet i finansiella dokument då kvinnor och män kommunicerar olika och oberoende styrelseledamöter antar en mer objektiv roll. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utifrån årsredovisningars filstorlek undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan rapporternas läsbarhet och företagens lönsamhet, redovisade resultat samt andel oberoende och kvinnliga styrelseledamöter. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ metod. Data har samlats in genom innehållsanalys av årsredovisningar från företag listade på NASDAQ OMX Stockholm Large Cap. Analys av data har skett genom att en korrelationsmatris och två regressionsmodeller har skapats. Resultat & slutsats: En lägre andel oberoende styrelseledamöter samt en sämre lönsamhet visar tendenser till att vara förknippat med sämre läsbarhet i årsredovisningar. Redovisat resultat och andel kvinnliga styrelseledamöter visar inget samband med årsredovisningarnas läsbarhet. Studien visar däremot på samband mellan större företag och årsredovisningar med sämre läsbarhet. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För fortsatta studier föreslås att flera börslistor inkluderas och även fler redovisningsår. Det skulle vara intressant att undersöka om liknande resultat hittas för olika börslistor och då skulle en jämförelse vara möjlig mellan börslistorna och även över tiden. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna studie undersöker läsbarheten i svenska företags årsredovisningar vilket breddar tidigare studier som främst undersökt amerikanska företag. Examensarbetet bidrar också genom att relationer mellan årsredovisningars läsbarhet och finansiella prestationer samt styrelsesammansättning studeras ytterligare. / Aim: Annual reports are one of the most important documents for information from public companies to their shareholders, readability in these documents are therefor of importance. There are incentives for managers to withhold information about poorer earnings for their own benefit. The board may also potentially affect the readability of the annual report since men and women communicate in different ways and independent board members act more objective. The aim of this final thesis is to investigate if there is a correlation between readability in annual reports based on file size and earnings, net income and proportion of independent and female board members. Method: This study was conducted by a quantitative method. Data have been collected through content analysis of annual reports from companies listed on NASDAQ OMX Stockholm Large Cap. Analysis of the data was done by a correlation matrix and two multiple regressions. Result & Conclusions: A lower proportion of independent board members and lower earnings tend to be associated with annual reports that have lower readability. Net income and proportion of female board members shows no association with readability of the annual reports. However, this study concludes that larger companies are related to annual reports that have lower readability. Suggestions for future research: For future research we suggest that more stock exchange lists are included and also more different years. It would be interesting to investigate whether similar results are found for different exchange lists and that would make a comparison possible between the exchange lists and also over time. Contribution of the thesis: This study examines the readability of annual reports issued by Swedish companies, which broadens previous studies that have primarily examined US companies. The thesis also contributes since readability in annual reports related to financial performance and board composition is further studied.

The economics of football has seen considerable changes over the last two decades. The total revenue for clubs in the top European leagues has risen dramatically, mostly due to bigger sponsor deals and more TV-income. This has made the world of football a giant industry where business strategy tends to play a bigger part. The majority of the research on the field has been devoted to how the sport performances of a football club affect the revenue of the club, but less attention has been paid to what impact the overall economics have on the clubs future success on the pitch. This paper aims to examine the link between economic ratios and the short- and long-term sport performance in the top tiers of Swedish football, by using a dataset of 31 clubs over the period 2000-2016. The results show that the total asset together with the ratio between wages and total income, could explain sport performance one year later with an R2 of 44 % in a multiple regression. The result also indicates that this may be explained by the total amount of wages a club is able to pay. Findings are presented along with a discussion on how the governing bodies of football could consider how regulation is communicated to the clubs.

No description available.

Syfte Syftet med undersökningen är att ge en bild av vad forskningen visar om kollegialt lärande med fokus på elever i grundskoleåldern och ämnet matematik. Metod Det här arbetet har följt den strategi för en forskningsöversikt som benämns SMART skapad av Nilholm (2017). SMART används som metod och arbetsplan och har arbetet har följt de steg som innefattas i SMART. Forskningsområdet definierades och forskningsarenan som skulle användas identifierades. Efter detta utfördes en sökning efter material med hjälp av en sökfras uppbyggd för att innefatta de studier som skulle innefattas i forskningsöversikten. Det här ledde till att elva studier valdes ut för analys och en kartläggning av studierna genomfördes och fördes in i en matris så att studiernas innehåll och resultat kunde jämföras. Slutligen genomfördes en avslutande diskussion om resultatet i studierna, relevansen forskningen kan ha för läraryrket och vilken forskning som kan tänkas vara relevant för framtida forskning. Resultat De flesta studier i den här forskningsöversikten rapporterade positiv påverkan av kollegialt lärande på både lärare och elevresultat. I studier där lärarna själva rapporterade om effekten på sin undervisning var det främst lärarnas syn på elevernas tankar och tankesätt kring matematik som hade utvecklats.Två viktiga aspekter av kollegialt lärande och samarbetsbaserade projekt i skolan visar sig vara tid och organisation. Det behövdes tid för att utföra projekt på ett organiserat sätt men även tid till att arbeta vidare efter projektet med det nya sättet att organisera arbetet.

Sponsorship is one of the most effective marketing strategies for corporations to communicate with their target audience as well as improving their brand. The most common sponsorship is sports related, despite this there is a lack of research regarding the on-field performance effect on sponsorship. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of the on-field performances and their effects on the team’s sponsorships.   The following marketing model and marketing theories have been used: A-ERIC Model, Brand Equity and Brand Image Transfer. All of these have previously been used in different scientific studies and has, because of this, been chosen to act as the foundation of this study. A qualitative data collecting method has been used in this study to be able to work towards the aim of it and fulfil the ambition to answer the scientific questions asked. With an interview guide as support, five semi structured interviews have been created and completed.   The result of this study show that the on-field performances has an indirect effect on the sponsorships. Poor performances can result in worse exposure for the sponsorships and affect them negatively. On the other hand, the fact that sponsorgiver show their support can give them a positive effect because they appear loyal to the sport organization. It also became clear that communication had a major impact and depending on how the sport organization chooses to communicate its goals, it will determine the expectations for sponsorship. Additionally, the study has also shown that communication has a big effect on how important the on-field performances are for the sponsors. The communication between the sponsorgiver and sponsortaker, also has a big effect on how important the on-field performance is for the sponsor.