[pt] O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender a imagem pública do Instituto Moreira Salles (IMS) a partir da análise dos projetos editoriais das revistas Serrote e ZUM. Percebendo a organização social como um espaço de luta por capitais distintos, esta dissertação se utiliza dos conceitos de Bourdieu para explicar as estratégias de reconversão de capital operadas pela família Moreira Salles. A articulação de métodos de reconversão de capital econômico em capital simbólico funciona como forma de angariar prestígio e distinção em diversos campos socialmente valorizados. Dessa forma, este trabalho propõe um mergulho na história da família para que seja entendida a realização de investimentos em patrimônios culturais que culminam, entre tantos empreendimentos, no projeto do instituto cultural. O IMS consiste na organização de acervos históricos, na constituição de projetos editorias e de outras atividades ligadas à preservação da memória brasileira. É possível perceber que os projetos editoriais das revistas contam com processos que perpassam não somente o tratamento dado ao texto a ser publicado, mas também as atividades envolvidas na relação entre editores e designers, o formato em que são constituídos, a escolha do papel, em suma, aspectos que juntos auxiliam no entendimento das dinâmicas de como as revistas são configuradas e postas em circulação. Os resultados demonstram que a Serrote e a ZUM podem ser compreendidas como uma estratégia do IMS para alcançar uma imagem pública mais acessível, diferente daquela que estabeleceu ao focar na preservação de acervos. Ao fomentar debates contemporâneos, desvencilhando-se dos assuntos históricos que normalmente costumam permear os setores institucionais estabelecidos em seus espaços físicos, as revistas auxiliam o IMS a deslocar-se na estrutura social e configurar uma nova reputação no campo da cultura e do debate público nacional. / [en] The aim propouse of this work is to understand the public image of Instituto Moreira Salles (IMS) based on the analysis of the editorial projects of the magazines Serrote and ZUM. Realizing the social organization as a space of struggle for distinct capitals, this work uses the concepts of Bourdieu to explain the strategies of reconversion of capital operated by the Moreira Salles´s family. The articulation of methods of reconversion of economic capital into symbolic capital functions as a way of gaining prestige and distinction in several socially valued fields. Thus, this work proposes a dive in the history of the family so that it is understood the realization of investments in cultural patrimonies that culminate, among many projects, in the project of the cultural institute. The IMS consists of the organization of historical collections, the constitution of editorial projects and other activities linked to the preservation of the Brazilian memory. It is possible to notice that the editorial projects of the magazines count on processes that go beyond the treatment given to the text to be published, conceiving also in activities involved in the relationship between editors and designers, the format in which they are constituted, the choice of paper, in sum, aspects that together help in understanding the dynamics of how magazines are configured and put into circulation. The results demonstrate that Serrote and ZUM can be understood as an IMS strategy to achieve a more accessible public image, different from the one it established when focusing on the preservation of collections. By fostering contemporary debates, moving away from the historical issues that usually permeate the institutional sectors established in their physical spaces, the magazines help IMS to move within the social structure and set up a new reputation in the field of culture and national public debate.

The International Baccalaureate (IB), a private curriculum associated largely with exclusive education for transnationally mobile upper classes, has recently began to quietly enter public, national education systems, offering its alternative, elite schooling in tuition-free state institutions. This paper explores the nuanced case of Poland, where IB diploma program is offered as one of the tracks within state schools, existing side-by-side and competing with the national curriculum. Poland, with its particular post-soviet socio-political conditions, where public schooling continuously enjoys an elite status over the failed project of private education, presents an interesting case in regards to the phenomenon. This study employs Pierre Bourdieou’s theories of capital, dispositions and social field to examine the makeup of IB classrooms in public schools in Poland, and answer how the curriculum is experienced and made sense of by the graduates. Qualitative interviews with 17 graduates present an insight into the experience of IB in 6 state schools. The study has found that IB diploma program is primarily employed in well-established, elite institutions, which follow a meritocratic logic of technical selection of only the most talented candidates. IB becomes the academic elite club within an elite club, therefore access to it is limited twofold. Accounts across the case study schools showed that IB students are characterized by access to higher volumes of different resources, allowing them to get admitted, survive the academic rigor, and continue their education abroad. Graduates from all types and locations of IB schools follow, almost exclusively, the same three trajectories according to which an IB student considers either a) going abroad to the United Kingdom, b) going abroad to the Netherlands, or c) studying medicine in Poland at the Warsaw Medical University (WUM). Finally, the study has found that students use IB strategically, to access prestigious national or international higher education. However, the conversion of the assets gained through the diploma into advantage in higher education is interrupted by the pedagogical disparity with the ‘mindless memorizing’ at national universities, as well as with the automatic downward social mobility when becoming an immigrant. The findings contribute to the debate over the democratization of international education, its accessibility and the strategic use of it on a national versus international arena.

Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur BookTok används av bokhandlare och bibliotek. Till hjälp har ett teoretiskt ramverk använts bestående av Uses and Gratification,symboliskt kapital samt deltagarkultur. Utifrån detta ramverk har det gjort semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserats med hjälp av fenomenografiska metoder. Intervjuer gjordes med tre bibliotek och två bokhandlar i södra Sverige under hösten 2023.  I analysen av materialet kunde fyra teman särskiljas utifrån huvudfrågeställningen – hur använder bokhandlare och bibliotek BookTok? Dessa fyra teman är BookTok som arbetsverktyg, kontaktyta, kreativ yta och symboliskt kapital. Analysen av de olika teman ger oss en idé om hur verksamheternas deltagande ser ut på plattformen samt hur bokhandlarna och biblioteken själva ser på deras användning av BookTok. / This study aims to understand how bookstores and libraries make use of  BookTok.  A theoretical framework has been used consisting of the Uses and Gratification theory, symbolic capital theory and participatory culture theory. Along the lines of this theoretical framework, semi structured interviews were designed with the help of a phenomenographic approach. The interviews were held during the autumn of 2023. Three libraries and two bookstores participated. In the analysis, four themes were detected in regards to the question at issue – How do bookshops and libraries make use of BookTok? The four themes are BookTok as a work tool, contact area, creative space and symbolic capital. The analysis of different themes gives us an idea of the operations participation on the grounds of TikTok – as well as their own perception of their BookTok use.

In the present study, I analyze adolescent girls’ smoking through a unique combination of a quantitative survey of impressions and a theoretical analysis based on new elaborations of Bourdieu’s concept symbolic capital. The method of the study is three-fold. First, focus-group interviews elicit relevant impressions of adolescents in the eyes of peers. Second, a questionnaire survey distributed to adolescent peers quantitatively investigates how impressions of a girl on a picture differ depending on whether or not she has a cigarette. Third, a theoretical analysis based on elaborations of Bourdieu’s theories scrutinizes the results of the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey indicate that smoking adolescent girls generate impressions of being significantly less likable, more popular, more conceited, less kind, less shy, more liable to bully, less funny, more deceitful, and less compassionate than non-smoking adolescent girls. In the elaborations of Bourdieu’s theories, I introduce a division of symbolic capital into two forms: symbolic virtue capital, generated through impressions of virtues, and symbolic power capital, generated through intimidating impressions of destructive power. According to the theoretical analysis of the results, smoking adolescent girls have relatively much symbolic power capital but relatively little symbolic virtue capital compared to adolescent girls that do not smoke.

Die Arbeit behandelt eine Reihe zusammenhängender Veränderungen, die nach dem Fall der Mauer im Ostteil von Berlin stattfanden. In drei Aufsätzen wird die Geschichte des unmittelbaren Wandels der Diskurse über Raumtypologien dargestellt, die symbolische Aneignung beschrieben, die in den Aushandlungsprozessen um die Schaffung einer vereinten Berliner Innenstadt stattfand und die Auswirkungen der Veränderungen in der diskursiven und symbolischen Neuausrichtung am Beispiel der Entwicklung zweier Berliner Bezirke veranschaulicht. Die Ergebnisse entstammen dabei einem Methoden-Mix aus verschiedenen Ansätzen der semiotischen Analyse und Diskursanalyse sowie der Auswertung demographischer Daten. Das Projekt gliedert sich in fünf Leithypothesen: H1: Semiotik ist eine effektive analytische Methode für die Untersuchung von Kulturlandschaften. H2: Die symbolische Landschaft Ostberlins nach 1990 wurde von einem „westlichen“ kulturellen Mythos beherrscht, der sich im symbolischen Kapital und im Architekturstil der neuen/alten Hauptstadt niederschlug. H3: Der Wandel der symbolischen Landschaft Ostberlins nach 1990 ist Ausdruck eines auf die Zeit vor dem zweiten Weltkrieg verengten historischen Narrativs. H4: Die diskursive Übertragung hatte konkrete Auswirkungen auf die räumliche und demographische Entwicklung der Ost-Berliner Bezirke. H5: Die Ursache für die Stigmatisierung Berlin-Marzahns direkt nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung lag primär in dieser diskursiven Übertragung. Die fünf Hypothesen werden in dem Projekt erfolgreich überprüft und bestätigt. Der Methoden-Mix erweist sich als gut geeignet für die strukturelle Analyse von Kulturlandschaften. Sowohl diese Analyse als auch die daraus entwickelte Theorie, dass die Symbole der herrschenden ökonomischen, politischen oder kolonialen Macht, die in die Kulturlandschaft eingebettet sind, „gelesen“ werden können, weisen vielversprechende Anknüpfungspunkte für weitere Forschungskontexte auf. / This dissertation describes a range of connected changes that took place in the eastern half of Berlin after the fall of the Berlin Wall. The three articles tell the story of immediate changes to discourses about built spaces and built space forms (article 1), symbolic appropriations in the negotiations surrounding the creation of a new unified Berliner inner-city (article 2), and the effect of the changes in discursive and symbolic restructurings in the subsequent development of two Berlin districts with different built space types (article 3). Under the framework of grounded theory, this project operationalized several semiotic analysis techniques for the study of the cultural landscape and combined these with discourse analysis and demographic data to derive the results presented in the three articles described above. The project was guided by five hypotheses: H1: Semiotics is an effective analytical method for the analysis of cultural landscapes. H2: The symbolic landscape of East Berlin after 1990 was dominated by a western cultural mythos which pervaded the symbolic capital and architectural style of the new/old capital city. H3: The changes to the symbolic landscape of East Berlin after 1990 reflected a very specific and narrow pre-WWI historical narrative. H4: This discursive transference had tangible material effects on the material and demographic development of the Eastern districts. H5: The stigmatization of Berlin-Marzahn directly after German reunification was primarily due to this discursive transference. All five hypotheses could be successfully tested and validated from the empirical research. The mix of methods presented in this project proved well-suited to the structural analysis of cultural landscapes. Both it and the theory developed, namely that the narrative of the dominant power, economic, political, or colonial, can be “read” by examining the symbols embedded in the cultural landscape, would benefit from further research in other contexts.

Ungdomsarbetslöshet är idag ett omfattande samhällsproblem och ett vanligt förekommande debattämne i media. Studiens fokus ligger på hur livsvillkoren för fyra unga vuxna i åldrarna 24-26 år ser ut i relation till deras arbetslöshet, eller blivande arbetslöshet, med utgångspunkt i deras specifika livssituationer. Den teoretiska inramning som använts i studien är baserad på socialt kapital, symboliskt kapital, kulturellt kapital, habitus, livsstilar samt livsplaner. Kvalitativa intervjuer med de fyra unga vuxna, vilka samtliga har någon form av erfarenhet av arbetslöshet, utgör studiens utgångspunkt. I analysen läggs fokus på hur de påverkas av samt hanterar sin livssituation i förhållande till arbetslösheten. Analysen visar att de unga vuxna inget hellre vill än att få ett fast arbete men att de upplever att de på grund av samhälleliga begränsningar och brist på lämpligt nätverk har svårt att finna ett sådant. Framgick gjorde även att de unga vuxna ställer höga krav på sig själva i fråga om att skaffa ett arbete medan de har låga krav på hjälpinsatser från omgivningens sida. / Youth unemployment is a serious social problem and a widely discussed topic in media. The study focuses on the living conditions of four young adults between the ages of 24-26 in their capacity of being unemployed, or living with a risk of being unemployed in a near future, viewed from the life situations of the young adults. The theoretical framework of the study is based on social capital, symbolic capital, cultural capital, habitus, lifestyles and life-planning. The study is based on qualitative interviews with four young adults all having some form of experience of unemployment. In the analysis focus is given to explain how the informants discuss their life situation in relation to unemployment. The analysis shows that the informants want nothing more than to get a permanent job but experience that they due to social limitations and lack of appropriate networks are having trouble finding such. What also appeared was that the informants have high demands on themselves to find a job whilst they have low demands on support from surrounding people.

This dissertation examines the impacts of the tsunami of 2004 on economic development priorities in Nagapattinam, South India. By focusing on the manner in which the disaster was cast as an opportunity by the state and multilateral agencies, the unprecedented scale and ambiguous character of involvement by NGOs in reconstruction, and the distinction drawn between economic development and humanitarian aid in the constitution of a reconstruction agenda predicated on the relocation of artisanal fisher communities from the coast, this study demonstrates how post-disaster outcomes are increasingly being shaped by priorities tied to neoliberal globalization. At the same time the processes that unfold are also characterized by significant complexities particularly on account of efforts by affected populations to deploy various strategies to defend their interests, and substantive differences in the approach of NGOs. / text

In settings such as hotels, bars and boutiques, things like cars, sodas, clothes, and cities, are fueled with the symbolic capital of graffiti. The purpose of this ethnographic study is to understand how graffiti writers, through marketing, increase the value of their work, as well as that of other products, and how this commercialization affects the meaning of graffiti.  Utilizing a perspective of social constructionism, the analysis shows how actors and social fields that are constructed as incongruous (e.g., art galleries and graffiti culture), are at the same time being mixed together to create something new, and thus create value. This study shows how practices that are considered marginal, or deviant, at the same time generate value within the general economy. Deploying an abductive approach, and building on ample empirical material, this study shows that the narrative of graffiti as something illegal is one of the main traits that enables graffiti writers to exchange subcultural capital for economic. The results show that previous research, investigating graffiti from a dichotomous perspective of either art or vandalism, do not give a satisfactory understanding of this diverse subculture.   The empirical material consists of 30 participant observations in public events, in Sweden during the autumn of 2014, where graffiti is turned into a commodity embodied with subcultural capital. Moreover, four in-depth interviews were executed with graffiti writers who have sold their competence and art for purposes of marketing, and one group interview with three of their customers. Further, several documents were collected and analyzed.

Meritocracy is a much-debated concept in both academia and society in general. Previous studies mostly defined meritocracy in terms of talent and effort. However, even if there exists an academic acceptance of the complexity and the multitude of dimensions of meritocracy in general, little has been said about the cultural prerequisites of meritocracy. This shows a need to be explicit about exactly what is meant by the term ‘meritocracy’. This paper aims to share new light on prerequisites of meritocracy with the help of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological studies of symbolic capital, with the backdrop understanding of Adam Smith’s theory on necessities. Furthermore, the study aims by adopting a reflexive approach of Bourdieu’s theories, to construct a new theoretical framework, set out to define the phenomena of meritocracy and its cultural prerequisites.

Hemsidor är väldigt populära idag. Där finns mycket information som påverkar vårt sätt att handla, tänka och interagera. Samtidigt kan hemsidorna ha information som kan analyseras och tolkas på olika sätt med hjälp av olika teorier. Denna studie utgår från Bourdieus socialaklassteori och Basil Bernsteins teori om pedagogiska identiteter. Studien analyserar två gymnasiehemsidor. Bilden av den goda eleven studeras noggrant samt de olika stereotyperna på hemsidorna. Denna studie gör en diskursanalys av sexbilder som pekar på elevernas aktiviteter på två kommunala skolor och på skillnader mellan dem. Det gäller en kommunal gymnasieskola i centrala Stockholm ochkommunalgymnasieskola i en Stockholmsförort. Studien visar att det finns en polarisering mellan skolorna. Norra Real Gymnasium som är skolan från centrala Stockholm inriktar sig mot samhällets elitoch eleverna därverkar ha mer symbolisktkapital och haraktiviteter som utvecklardetta vidare. Tensta Gymnasium, som är gymnasieskolan iförorten,fokuserar mest på integrationgenom att göra aktiviteter som utvecklar elevernasätt att integrera sig i samhället. Det är ganska vaga aktiviteter såsomattklistra in olika färger frånhänderna på väggen. / Website pages are very popular today. There is a lot of information that affects our way of shopping, thinking and interacting. At the same time, the websites may have information that can be analyzed and interpreted in different ways using different theories.This study is based on Bourdieu's social class theory and Basil Bernstein's theory of educational identities. The study analyzestwo high school websites. The image of the good student is studied carefully as well as the different stereotypes on the websites. This study makes a discourse analysis of six images that points to the students' activities at two municipal schools and on differences between them. This applies to a municipal upper secondary school in central Stockholm and municipal upper secondary school in a Stockholm suburb. The study shows that there is a polarization between schools. Norra Real Gymnasium, which is the school from central Stockholm, focuses on society's elite and the students there seem to have more symbolic capital and have activities that further develop this. Tensta Gymnasium, which is the secondary school in the suburb, focuses most on integration by doing activities that develop students' ways of integrating themselves into society.It's quite vague activities like sticking paper hands of different colors on a wall.