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Etudes des modèles d'activités par l'analyse fonctionnelle du squelette post-cranien de séries ostéoarchéologiques du néolithique final en Provence / Functional analysis of the postcranial skeleton to study behavioral patterns : applications to osteological series of the late Neolithic in ProvenceLambert, Aurore 06 December 2013 (has links)
Nos travaux ont un double objectif : (1) analyser conjointement les indicateurs afin de qualifier la relation entre leurs développements d’après les sollicitations fonctionnelles ; (2) étudier les modes d’exécution des activités d’un ensemble funéraire collectif vauclusien, l’hypogée des Boileau. Nous avons élargi cette étude à l’échelle départementale avec quatre gisements funéraires : les hypogées du Capitaine et de Roaix et le dolmen de l’Ubac. Le but est d’appréhender l’homogénéité ou la spécificité des comportements entre sujets et séries grâce aux différents indicateurs sur la majorité des os longs. L’étude des adaptations structurales a bénéficié de l’approche tomographique. Aucune relation directement due aux sollicitations n’a été mise en évidence entre les indicateurs.Les activités des sujets de l’hypogée des Boileau sont bilatérales et la pratique d’activités spécialisées n’a pas été mise en évidence. Les femmes ont un investissement physique similaire à celui des hommes pour le membre supérieur avec toutefois quelques différences comportementales. Les hommes sont plus mobiles et la posture récurrente du membre inférieur est différente par rapport aux femmes. La posture accroupie a été observée chez les deux sexes. Nous proposons l’existence d’une division sexuelle des tâches.La comparaison inter-échantillon indique une homogénéité comportementale avec quelques nuances selon les sites concernant principalement la posture du membre inférieur et les muscles sollicités du membre supérieur. Nos travaux apportent un nouvel éclairage sur les indicateurs de l’activité et le comportement des populations du Néolithique final. / Our work has two aims. First, the joint analysis of the indicators in order to qualify the relationship between their developments based on the mechanical loads. Then, the study of the behavioral patterns of one collective funeral deposit in Vaucluse: the hypogeum of Boileau. Then, we expand the study at the departmental scale while comparing four funeral deposits: the Capitaine and Roaix hypogeums and the dolmen of the Ubac. The goal is to apprehend the homogeneity or the specificity of behaviors between subjects and samples through the various indicators thanks to the long bones. No relationship due to mechanical loads aroused between the indicators. Their developments are not influenced by the presence of another one and do not infer it. Indicators bring complementary information on a global skeleton or a smaller scale.The activities of the Boileau hypogeum subjects are bilateral and specialized activities is difficult to prove. Males have a physical investment equal to females for the upper limb with a few behavioral differences. Men are more mobile and their recurring postural mode for the lower limb is different. The squatting posture is common for both sexes. We propose a sexual division of labor.Inter-samples stressed a behavioral uniformity with a few nuances depending of the samples along the postural mode of the lower limb and the solicited muscles of the upper limb. The terrain has no real impact on the robusticity of the lower limb for all the samples. The artifacts in the burials cannot be used to reconstruct the behavioral patterns.Our work shed light on occupational markers and the data behavioral patterns of late Neolithic populations.
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Design för hållbara beteendenEriksson, Markus, Enderstam, Lisa January 2023 (has links)
Studien bygger på vetenskaplig forskning om den pågående klimatkrisen och dess allvarliga konsekvenser. Den har sin grund i de mål som fastställts av FN:s klimatkonvention i Parisavtalet. Dessa mål syftar till att stipulera förändringsområden inom sektorer som i dagens läge har en betydande global miljöpåverkan. Frågeställningen i denna studie lyder “På vilket sätt påverkar design av gränssnitt i res- och transporttjänster användares klimatmedvetenhet i beslutsfattande kring resor?” Denna studie genomför en kartläggning genom en enkätstudie och intervjuer för att utforska hur design av gränssnitt i res- och transporttjänster påverkar användares klimatmedvetenhet i beslutsfattande kring resor. Studien utforskar de aktuella problemen med gränssnittsdesign men även hur urvalsgruppen tänker kring hållbart resande. Resultaten av denna studie syftar till att ge information om potentialen till att leda användare på rätt väg genom hållbar design av gränssnitt i res- och transporttjänster. Detta görs genom att presentera resultatet från enkätstudien och intervjuerna som diskuterar om hur hållbar design bör implementeras. Studien lyfter även fram på vilket sätt hållbar design kan introducera potentiella fördelar såsom mer information vilket kan leda till mer hållbara val. Studien utforskar även de hinder som kan stå i vägen för implementering av hållbart resande. Studiens resultat indikerar att den befintliga designen av gränssnitt i rese- och transporttjänster har påverkat respondenterna och även hindrat dem från att fatta hållbara beslut vid planering av resor. Designen av gränssnittet har haft en negativ effekt på användarnas förmåga att välja alternativ som är mer miljövänliga och hållbara. Detta betonar behovet av att förbättra designen av gränssnitten för att ge användarna enklare tillgång till och stödja deras förmåga att göra hållbara val vid resplanering. / This study is based on scientific research concerning the ongoing climate crisis and its consequences. The basis of this study lies in the goals established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the Paris Agreement. These goals stipulate areas of change within sectors that currently have a significant global environmental impact. The research question in this study reads "In what way does the design of interfaces in travel and transport services influence users' climate awareness in decision-making around travel?" This study conducts a survey using a questionnaire as well as interviews to explore how the design of interfaces in travel and transportation services affects users' climate awareness in travel decision-making. The study explores the current problems with interface design but also how the sample group thinks about sustainable travel. The results of this study aim to provide information on the potential to guide users on the right path through sustainable interface design in travel and transportation services. This is done by presenting the results from the survey study and the interviews that discuss how sustainable design should be implemented. The study also highlights how sustainable design can introduce potential benefits such as more information which can lead to more sustainable choices. The study also explores the obstacles that may stand in the way of implementing sustainable travel. The results of the study indicates that the existing design of interfaces in travel and transportation services has influenced the respondents and also prevented them from making sustainable decisions when planning their trips. The design of the interface has had a negative effect on users' ability to choose options that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. This emphasizes the need to improve the design of the interfaces to provide users with easier access and support their ability to make sustainable travel planning choices.
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Svenska hushålls förändrade elkonsumtion 2020 och 2022 / Change in Swedish households' electricity consumption 2020 and 2022Jiang, Benjamin, Roy, Pallavi January 2023 (has links)
Studien ämnar att tillgängliggöra kunskap om svenska hushålls konsumtionsbeteenden i en ekonomiskt svår tid; en tid präglad av hög inflation och höga elpriser. Kunskap och förståelse för svenska hushålls konsumtionsbeteenden är en avgörande faktor för att Sverige ska nå uppställda klimatmål – genom träffsäkra policyer och utveckling av klimatsmarta verktyg. Genom en litteraturstudie, enkätundersökning samt semi-strukturerade intervjuer har detta utretts och av detta framgår att majoriteten av svenska hushåll har minskat sin elkonsumtion utan att uppfatta att denna förändring har en stor påverkan på livskvalitet. Det framgår även att 59% hushåll som minskat sin elkonsumtion inte uppskattar att deras elkonsumtion kommer att återgå till högre nivåer i det fall då priserna sjunker. Det kartläggs även att det bland svenska hushåll råder en hög kunskapsnivå som är en avgörande faktor för att medvetenheten även ska mynna ut i träffsäkra energieffektiviserings- och besparingsåtgärder. / This study aims to increase knowledge about the electricity consumption patterns observed in Swedish households during economically challenging times, characterised by inflation and high electricity prices. Knowledge and understanding of Swedish households' consumption patterns is a crucial factor in increasing Sweden’s ability to reach set climate goals – through accurate policies and through development of climate-smart tools. Through a literature study, a survey, and semi-structured interviews, this has been investigated and it appears that a majority of Swedish households have reduced their electricity consumption without perceiving their applied changes as having a major impact on their quality of life. It is also observed that 59% of the households that have reduced their electricity consumption do not estimate that their electricity consumption will return to higher levels in the event that electricity prices were to decrease. This study also shows that there is a high level of knowledge among Swedish households, which is a decisive factor for the awareness to also result in accurate energy efficiency and saving measures.
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A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention: Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African Townships / A Novel Approach to Youth Crime Prevention : Mindfulness Meditation Classes in South African TownshipsKneip, Katharina January 2020 (has links)
Children growing up in poor areas with high crime rates are shown to easily get involved in violent actions and criminal gangs. In South Africa, despite considerable efforts to reduce youth delinquency, youth crime rates are still disturbingly high – specifically, in the townships of the Cape Flats. This paper points out an important aspect previously unaddressed by most youth crime prevention: the subconscious roots of youth crime. What if we could develop youth crime prevention programs that manage to impact the subconscious behavioral patterns of youth in high crime areas? This paper proposes a promising and cost-effective approach that has great potential to affect multipe causes of crime: mindfulness meditation. Built upon newest findings in Neuroscience, this paper suggests that mindfulness meditation classes are associated with a reduction in aggressive behavior, a risk factor for youth crime, and an increase in self-efficacy, a protective factor. The impact of mindfulness classes at a high school in Khayelitsha, a poor and violent-stricken township of Cape Town, is analyzed. Self-reported aggression and self-efficacy are measured via a psychometric survey questionnaire created from two well-tested and validated scales. Regression analyses of 384 survey answers provided mixed results. Whilst novice meditators were not associated with higher self-efficacy and lower aggression, long-term meditators performed better in several dimensions of self-efficacy and aggression, yet no significant relationship was found. Further research specifically needs to investigate the moderating effect of age (a proxy for psychological development) on meditation. This study aims to bridge the gap between the outdated paradigms of youth crime prevention and ancient wisdom via ground-breaking new evidence from the field of Neuroscience. This study furthermore hopes to point policy makers toward developing new, integrative and sustainable approaches to youth crime prevention – approaches that give back agency to our youth. / <p>Anders Westholm har inget med betygssättningen att göra annat än i rent formellt hänseende (examinator). Det är han som rapporterar in och skriver under men i sak är det seminarieledaren som har beslutet i sin hand. Statsvetenskapliga institutet har som princip att skilja på handledning och examination vilket innebär att handledaren inte får vara seminarieledare. Seminarieledare och personen som satt betygget var i det här fallet Sven Oskarsson: Sven.Oskarsson@statsvet.uu.se</p>
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