Le sujet développé dans cette thèse pose comme objectif de répondre à trois problématique résumables par une corrélation entre trois points principaux :(a) la relation entre l'usage des nouveaux outils des plateformes 2.0 dans l’intermédiation de la finance et l’émergence d’un nouvel archétype de financement ; (b) la distinction observée entre le capital-risque conventionnel et les financements opérant actuellement dans un environnement 2.0 et (c) l’approche optimale pour construire un environnement juridique modulé à l’évolution récente introduite par les outils 2.0 dans le financement de l’innovation. La recherche aborde la problématique en déconstruisant la dynamique institutionnelle de l’évolution économique contemporaine. Par cela la recherche tente de déterminer la nature et l’étendue des changements subis par l’économie en interaction constante avec le progrès technologique des nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication. La méthodologie du fond adoptée dans cette recherche fait partie de l’analyse économique de droit (Law and Economics). Néanmoins, l’analyse est enrichie par une référence aux outils théorétiques du courant économique néo-institutionnaliste américain et la sociologie économique critique française. Cette transdisciplinarité permet ainsi de comprendre la nature de l’évolution d’une manière plus élaborée. Le fil conducteur de cette recherche réside dans le phénomène de la financiarisation de l’économie. Cette recherche supporte l’idée selon laquelle les bouleversements du format et fonctionnement économiques actuels sont majoritairement le résultat d’un double mouvement institutionnel de nature financière et technologique. La recherche identifie trois institutions de nature économique et juridique au cœur du modèle de financement de l’innovation américain : la gouvernance par la flexibilité contractuelle fondée sur la notion du private ordering, la liquidité financière et l’externalisation du processus de l’innovation par rapport à la firme. Une analyse comparative de différents cadres règlementaires portant sur le capital risque en vigueur à travers le monde confirme la centralité de ces trois institutions. En conclusion de la recherche, il est ainsi nécessaire pour un Etat de reconnaître la nature institutionnelle du modèle de financement par lequel il compte supporter l’innovation. Pour le modèle de financement par capital-risque dominant aux Etats-Unis, un point d’équilibre entre d’une part un cadre règlementaire visant la protection des investisseurs et d’autre part des mesures favorisant la création de la liquidité financière devient indispensable. Néanmoins,l’oscillation règlementaire entre des mesures de support de liquidité et des règlements restrictifs reste en effet inévitable. L’évolution de la financiarisation de l’économie en alliance avec une concurrence pour l’innovation technologique ramènera les acteurs privés à assurer eux-mêmes la création de la liquidité. L’émergence des nouveaux types de contrats de financement par fonds propres allégés aux Etats- Unis (KISS contracts) puis reconfigurés pour le système juridique français (Contrats AIR) sert de preuve à cette hypothèse. La tâche la plus signifiante aujourd’hui pour les législateurs sera ainsi la création d’un ensemble de mesures protectrices contre les risques déraisonnables et démesurés. Ceci tout en assurant que les deux éléments irréductibles propres à l’institution du capital-risque – la spéculation conditionnelle et l’autonomie contractuelle – soient assurés par une marge de manœuvre suffisante requise pour supporter l’innovation. / The present doctorate research thesis attempts to resolve three correlated problematics summarized as following: (a) the relation between the use of new tools provided by the 2.0 platforms especially in the field of financial intermediation and the advent of a new financial archetype; (b) the difference between venture capital 2.0 and the conventional venture capital and (c) the concern over the utmost optimum approach in constructing a legal environment adapted to the current evolution introduced by the use of 2.0 tools in the financing of innovation. The research confronts the problematic by conducting a preliminary deconstruction of the ongoing institutional dynamic in regards to the current economical transformation. Subsequently, the research would attempt to define the nature and extent of the economical mutations in constant exposure to the new technologies in information and communication. This research fundamentally adopts a law and economics (L&E) analysis. In addition, the research would complement the traditional L&E analysis with further theoretical instruments by referral to the American neo-institutionnalist school of thought along with the French critical socio-economic theories. This transdisciplinarity would grant the possibility of attaining a more indepth understanding of nature of the economical mutation. The central unifying theme throughout the research resides on the concept of financialization of the economy. The research attributes the major disruption in the form and functioning of contemporary economy to an institutional financial and technological wave of change. The research identifies three economical and legal institutions residing at the core of the American financing of innovation model : the governance through contractual flexibility based on the notion of “private ordering”, financial liquidity and the externalization of the innovation process. A comparative analysis of different venture capital regulatory framework in various national jurisdictions confirms the major importance of the three stated institutions. In sum, the institutional nature of the financing model adopted by the government in support of innovation should be fully considered by national governments. For the case of the US venture capital model, an equilibrium point should be attained between two main regulatory framework objectives: the protection of investors and the creation of financial liquidity. A regulatory oscillation between liquidity creation and regulation would always prevail. Nonetheless, the financialization of the economy in conjunction with IT innovation would oblige private actors to maintain the creation of financial liquidity through private initiative. The emergence of new types of simplified equity financing model contracts such as the KISS contracts and the French variant, AIR contracts confirms this statement. Legislators would have to provide protection against unreasonable risk taking while ensuring that the two main elements of venture capital rest unhindered : conditional speculation and sufficient contractual autonomy to support innovation.

Le financement des contrats de la commande publique est une question relevant dans une large mesure de la pratique contractuelle. L’impécuniosité des personnes publiques conduit cependant les acteurs de la commande publique à lui porter un intérêt grandissant. Cette étude se propose de rendre compte du mouvement de financiarisation affectant le droit des contrats de la commande publique et, en particulier, le droit des contrats immobiliers conclus par les personnes publiques. Elle met en évidence la flexibilité de la matière qui ne cesse de s’adapter à l’impératif de financement des opérations d’intérêt général. Cette préoccupation contribue à lui conférer certains caractères. Elle est par ailleurs susceptible d’expliquer les choix du législateur. Cette tendance à l’adaptation est largement confirmée par les récents textes européens et nationaux portant réforme des contrats de la commande publique. Elle révèle toutefois certaines incohérences du droit positif qu’il est utile de mettre en évidence dans un contexte de codification du droit de la commande publique. / The funding for public procurement contracts is a pertinent question in the practice of contract law. Impecuniosity of public entities is driving a growing interest in public procurement law legislation.This study aims to report and account for the trend of financialisation how it affects public procurement law and, in particular, real estate law concluded by the public sector. Furthermore, this study highlights the flexible nature of the aforementioned legislations, which continuously adapt to the financial needs of the common good. This adaptation is an occurrence which implies certain traits regarding the process of financialisation. Moreover, this study may help to explain choices made by legislators.The phenomenon of economic adaptation is widely confirmed by recent European and national texts proposing reform of public procurement contract law.Nevertheless this report reveals certain inconsistencies in positive law, which is valuable to emphasize in the context of codification of public procurement legislation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:19:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 28 / Nenhuma / O presente estudo perpassa a figura do sujeito de direito, desde sua formulação conceitual e do reconhecimento de sua identidade moderna como indivíduo, para construir, no caminho da repersonalização do Direito Privado, outro espaço de desenvolvimento do sujeito humano especificamente para as relações contratuais. Para tanto, a base filosófica do presente estudo está alicerçada na fenomenologia de Heidegger, como ponte para esta reconstrução da relação jurídica contratual, porque perspectiva promissora de ampliação do sentido do ser do direito. É através da conjugação da fenomenologia e do direito, na percepção deste novo sujeito de direito, vívido, existente e concreto, que se permite iluminar as cercanias do Direito Privado e situar as relações contratuais e suas possibilidade, na autêntica repersonalização / The present study crosses the figure of the subject of rights, since its conceptual formularization and of the recognition of its modern identity as individual, to construct, in the path of the repersonalization of Private Law, another space of development of the human citizen specifically for the contractual relations. For in such a way, the philosophical basis of the present study is based on HEIDEGGER’s hermeneutical phenomenology, as bridge for this reconstruction of the contractual legal relationship, for promising perspective for the magnifying of the existing of rights’ sense. It is through the conjugation of the phenomenology and the right, in the perception of this new subject of rights, vivid, existing, and concrete, that is allowed to illuminate the environs of the Private law and to point out the contractual relations and its possibilities, in the authentic repersonalization

O trabalho estuda a evolução da teoria geral dos contratos e os seus reflexos na teoria do risco contratual, tendo como ponto de partida o direito contratual clássico do século XIX e o paradigma da autonomia da vontade. No novo direito contratual do século XX em diante, a análise toma como fio condutor as obras de Emilio Betti e de Karl Larenz, dentro do que se pode considerar o novo paradigma do direito contratual: a regulação e a satisfação de interesses privados mediante critérios de autonomia e heteronomia. O objetivo específico desse estudo é verificar a hipótese de que a teoria atual tenha (ou não) enfrentado o problema econômico dos riscos imprevistos dentro da idéia de "economia interna do contrato", tratando o risco econômico imprevisto como um integrante do conteúdo do contrato com autonomia diante da prestação. O caminho percorrido pelo trabalho identifica que o direito contratual tem sua estrutura teórica construída sobre uma concepção formalista de contrato, segundo a qual essa figura jurídica é uma entidade com existência própria, a qual está centrada na noção jurídica-formal de "obrigação de prestar". Mesmo que, com a evolução do direito contratual, tal estrutura tenha passado a contar com uma função a ser desempenhada na vida real, o trabalho conclui que a teoria continua sem tratar adequadamente o risco econômico imprevisto, porque tal função permanece limitada pela noção jurídico-formal de "obrigação de prestar". / This dissertation studies the evolution of contract law theory and its influences on the legal theory of contractual risk. It begins with the classic theory of the 19th century and the will theory paradigm within it; from the 20th century onwards, the main analysis is based on the works of Emilio Betti and Karl Larenz, alongside with the new paradigm that pursues concrete interests through the combination of private autonomy and private heteronomy. The specific purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the current theory may have (or may have not) dealt with the economic problem of unforeseen risks by utilizing the idea of economic balance of contract, insofar as to consider the unforeseen economic risk as an autonomous factor in the content of contracts. The research identifies that the theoretical structure of contract law is built over a formalist conception of contract, according to which the contract is an entity with selfexistence, one that is exclusively centered on the notion of "duty to pay". Although the evolution of contract law has given a function to this structure to perform in society and between parties to a given contract, the dissertation concludes that the current theory is still limited by the notion of "duty to pay", and that the unforeseen economic risk has not yet been provided with an adequate legal treatment.

No presente trabalho acadêmico se apresentarão as principais características do processo de globalização, passando-se à exposição da relevância do Direito Comparado, até se chegar à análise da adoção de modelos internacionais de contratos como esforço uniformizador, de modo a reduzir riscos e a minorar custos de transação. Na sequência, investigar-se-á o modelo contratual EPC (acrônimo das palavras inglesas Engineering, Procurement and Construction - Engenharia, Gestão de Compra e Construção), originário da prática anglo-saxã, focando-se na análise e na qualificação tipológica do Contrato EPC, comparando-o com institutos existentes na legislação brasileira. Delinear-se-á o contexto de disseminação do Contrato EPC no exterior e sua consolidação no Brasil, amparadas, em larga medida, na necessidade de que - em vultosos projetos de infraestrutura, sobretudo em áreas de investimento em relação às quais os empreendedores desconheçam o ambiente regulatório e a realidade socioeconômica se tenha estatuto privado a transladar ao construtor a maior parte dos riscos atinentes a serviços complexos de engenharia. Enfrentar-se-ão as características essenciais deste modelo contratual, tomando-se como padrão o Conditions of Contract for EPC Turnkey Projects - general conditions, guidance for the preparation of particular conditions, forms of letter of tender, contract agreement and dispute adjudication agreement, recomendado pela Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs Conseils - FIDIC. Apresentar-se-á como o direito estrangeiro equilibra a assunção dos riscos pelo construtor (Contractor ou Builder), inclusive aqueles, referentes a eventos não antecipáveis (unforeseen risks), inobstante a preservação pelo contratante (Owner) de lato poder de monitoramento e fiscalização (overseeing attributions, key personnel and contract manager approval, step-in rights).

Droit de propriété et liberté contractuelle fondent le droit pour tout propriétaire de choisir la personne à laquelle il souhaite, le cas échéant, vendre son bien. Il est pourtant des hypothèses où le législateur a accordé d’autorité à certaines personnes un droit de préemption qui leur permet d’être préférées à d’autres lors de la conclusion du contrat de vente. Cela étant, le droit de préemption demeure une institution mal connue et discutée. En effet, le législateur a institué de très nombreux droits de préemption en fonction de ses ambitions politiques, en dotant chacun d’eux d’un régime juridique spécifique. Le fait qu’il ne se soit guère préoccupé de conférer une quelconque cohérence à cet ensemble génère de nombreux conflits entre droits de préemption ou entre un droit de préemption et une autre institution juridique. Par ailleurs, l’intérêt général qui justifie le droit de préemption et exige que le domaine de celui-ci soit cantonné au strict nécessaire ainsi que l’octroi de garanties aux personnes concernées, ne dissuade pas le législateur de renforcer constamment l’emprise de cette institution. Ces données, qui illustrent les finalités du droit de préemption, influencent nécessairement la notion. Elles conduisent en effet à considérer que la prestation attendue du vendeur, à savoir proposer par priorité l’acquisition de son bien au bénéficiaire, constitue l’essence du droit de préemption. Le régime et l’effectivité de tous les droits de préemption reposent sur cette prestation. Il est alors possible de suggérer une nouvelle définition du droit de préemption et d’établir sa nature juridique à partir du droit des biens. Deux critères de délimitation du droit de préemption peuvent également être proposés, le premier reposant sur sa source légale, le second résultant de la détermination du moment de son intervention, ce qui n’est pas sans conséquence pratique. / Property right (jus proprietatis) and contractual freedom establish the right for every owner to choose the person to whom he may wish to sell his property. There are nevertheless hypotheses where the legislator granted to some persons, by his own authority, a right of pre-emption which allows them to be preferred to others when concluding the sale contract. Right of preemption remains, however, a badly known and controversial institution, as the legislator established a very great quantity of rights of preemption, according to his political ambitions, and endowed each of these rights of a specific legal regime. The fact that he hardly worried to confer on them any coherence generates many conflicts between rights of preemption, or between a right of preemption and another legal institution. Besides, general interest, which justifies right of preemption and requires that its domain be limited to strict minimum as well as the guarantees granted to the concerned persons, does not dissuade the legislator to strengthen constantly the influence of this institution. These data, which illustrate the purposes of right of preemption, do inevitably influence its notion : indeed, they lead to consider that the service expected from the seller, which is to propose by priority the acquisition of his property to the beneficiary, is constituting the basis of right of preemption. The regime and the effectiveness of all the rights of preemption are based upon that service. It becomes then possible to suggest a new definition of right of preemption and to establish its legal nature from property right. Two criteria of delimitation of right of preemption can be also proposed, the first one resting on its legal source, the second resulting from the determination of the moment of its intervention, which is not without practical consequence.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Neves da Rocha.pdf: 862999 bytes, checksum: 8c313edb7eac38b896702bed84f64f7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-13 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The increasing adoption of enterprise software in Brazil has led domestic market to a higher level of maturity on the usage and exploitation of such technology, first among large corporations, and most recently among medium and small companies as well. It has attracted much attention in the practitioner literature, especially about the capacity of software houses and consulting firms to cooperate in such a way that makes them capable for bringing software innovation to the market. In this sense, this research aimed to identify the mechanisms of alignment of divergent interests among large global consulting firms and global software houses for the introduction of new technologies. It was designed as a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, given the gap in the literature on the abovementioned topic, and used the multiple case studies methodology, bringing two cases chosen by convenience that involve six different companies, each of them having one consulting firm, one software house and one customer. The data gathering was based on structured interviews and documents both publicly accessible and accessed upon authorization, having a categorical thematic analysis using predefined categories, along with a cross-case analysis. The research has brought to light 11 mechanisms, both formal and informal, that promote the alignment between software houses and consulting firms in their adaptation processes. In addition to the contributions that complement the existing literature, it has found some elements that contradict it, such as the use of hierarchical escalation, in opposition to mediation or arbitration; or the diversity of the corporate strategy among partners in a co-innovation venture, what was meant to have only product leadership kind of constituents. The research s raw material has just scratched the surface of the complex and dynamic universe of the abovementioned actors. At the end of the paper, there are some reflections that cast possibilities for both exploitation of the material in statu quo, or its expansion in order to broadly understand the strategic alliances relationship among firms of the enterprise application software segment. The collaborative innovation mechanisms, for instance, deserve study under the product development strategy pointof- view, in order to provide practitioners with substance for their R&D planning and policies. The interdependence between software houses and consulting firms is presented as a key factor for longevity and stability of alliances, which on one hand brings a major contribution to the literature in the search for a consistent explanation xii about the durable existence of hybrid organization forms in the markets, and on the other hand gives rise to the need for detailed analysis of the interdependence degree, in order to support the planning and management of the most appropriate governance forms in the process of adaptation. Starting from a better understanding of the mechanisms of interest alignment in contractual strategic alliances in particular on the relationship between software houses and consulting firms a new research agenda can be set for the discovery of the alliance relationship dimensions among the firms in the software industry. / A crescente adoção de softwares empresariais no Brasil tem levado o mercado nacional a um nível mais elevado de maturidade no uso e exploração de tais tecnologias, inicialmente entre as grandes corporações, e mais recentemente também pelas médias e pequenas empresas. Tal adoção tem atraído muita atenção da literatura profissional, especialmente sobre a capacidade de alinhamento de interesses divergentes entre as empresas desenvolvedoras de software e as de consultoria de tal forma a torna-las capazes de trazer inovação tecnológica para o mercado. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa objetivou identificar os mecanismos de alinhamento de interesses divergentes entre as grandes empresas de consultoria globais e desenvolvedoras globais de software para a introdução de novas tecnologias. Para tanto, ela foi desenhada como qualitativa exploratória descritiva, dada a lacuna que existe sobre esse tema na literatura, e utilizou a metodologia de estudo de casos múltiplos, trazendo dois casos, escolhidos por conveniência, envolvendo seis empresas distintas. Cada caso conta com uma consultoria, uma desenvolvedora de software e um cliente. A coleta de dados se baseou em entrevistas estruturadas e documentos de acesso público e de acesso autorizado, e sua análise foi feita de forma temática categorial com o uso de categorias definidas a priori e com o cruzamento dos casos. O trabalho trouxe à tona 11 mecanismos de ajustes de interesse que existem na relação de alianças entre empresas desenvolvedoras de software e as consultorias de implementação, tanto formais quanto informais, que são usados nos seus processos de adaptação. O caminho de identificação dos mecanismos acabou por encontrar, também, contrapontos com a teoria existente, como o uso da escalação hierárquica em conflitos ao invés de mediação ou arbitragem, e sobre o perfil dos participantes de alianças para inovação, nas quais os processos observados contam tanto com empresas que têm estratégia corporativa de liderança em produto, quanto com empresas de estratégia orientada ao cliente, em oposição à teoria que sugere a prevalência das empresas com estratégia de liderança em produto. A matéria-prima angariada para essa pesquisa apenas resvalou na superfície do universo complexo e dinâmico desses atores. Foram colocadas algumas reflexões finais que lançam possibilidades tanto para a exploração dela in statu quo, ou de sua ampliação, para o entendimento mais abrangente do relacionamento de alianças estratégicas entre empresas do segmento de softwares empresariais. Os mecanismos de inovação x colaborativa, por exemplo, merecem estudo sob o ponto de vista da estratégia de desenvolvimento de produtos, de forma a auxiliar os executivos no planejamento e políticas de P&D. A interdependência que existe entre desenvolvedoras de software e consultorias se apresenta como fator chave da longevidade e estabilidade das alianças, o que por um lado traz um a contribuição importante para a literatura, na busca por uma explicação consistente sobre a existência duradoura das formas organizacionais híbridas nos mercados, e por outro faz emergir a necessidade da análise detalhada dos graus de interdependência existentes, a fim de subsidiar o planejamento e a gestão das formas de governança mais adequadas no processo de adaptação dos parceiros. A partir de uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de alinhamento de interesses nas alianças estratégicas contratuais em específico sobre a relação entre as empresas desenvolvedoras de software e as consultorias nessa indústria poderá ser aberta uma nova agenda de pesquisa sobre as dimensões do relacionamento entre as empresas na indústria de software.

Depuis plusieurs années, la question de la simplification du droit est au cœur du discours juridique. La multiplication des règles de droit, de leurs sources (nationales et internationales) comme de leurs supports (lois, codes, etc.), nuit à la lisibilité du droit et donc à la sécurité juridique.Ce constat peut être fait plus particulièrement en matière de responsabilité civile extracontractuelle où l’on trouve effectivement des normes de toutes origines, de toutes natures et sur de nombreux supports. Or, ces normes connaissent des champs d’application concurrents, de sorte que plusieurs d’entre elles peuvent jouer pour le même litige. Le problème qui se pose alors est de savoir à l’avance comment trancher pareil concours.Pour parvenir à articuler les normes de la responsabilité civile, il a fallu rechercher des principes permettant de désigner la norme applicable au litige. Deux principes sont alors ressortis de cette étude. Le premier, dit principe directeur, est le principe de subsidiarité, tandis que le second, dit principe correcteur, est un principe d’intérêt, qui repose lui-même sur plusieurs outils, tels que l’option, le cumul ou la hiérarchie. Le législateur, le juge et la victime sont naturellement au cœur de ce dispositif d’articulation qui, correctement appliqué, devrait permettre de résoudre tous les concours, en désignant la norme finalement applicable. / For several years now, the issue of the simplification of the law is central in the juridicaldebate. The multiplication of rules of law, of their sources (national and international), as well astheir foundations (laws, rules, codes, etc.), is harmful to the clear understanding of the law andconsequently to the juridical safety.This statement can be made particularly in the field of extra contractual civil liability where normsfrom all origins, all natures and numerous founding bases are indeed to be found. Yet thesenorms overlap and compete in their scope of application, so that several norms may apply to thesame litigation. Therefore, the issue which arises is to ascertain beforehand option, the how toarbitrate among such competing and overlapping norms.In order to structure the norms of civil liability, it has been necessary to research and findprinciples enabling to designate the norms to be applied in the litigation. Two principles stand outfrom this research. The first one, called the guiding principle, is the principle of subsidiarity, whilethe second one, called the principle of revision, is a principle of interest, which is itself based onseveral instruments, such as: option, plurality, and hierarchy. The legislator, the judge and thevictim are obviously at the core of this system of links which, if it is correctly applied, shouldenable to solve all the competitions between norms, by designating the norm which is finallyapplicable.

This diploma thesis deals with the content of the consumer contract and its regulation from the perspective of consumers. The aim of this thesis is to analyse this particular regulation, decide whether it is sufficient, where can be seen some deficiencies and whether the regulations fulfil its function, that is to protect the weaker party. The thesis is divided into five fundamental parts. The first one is concerned with the introductory issues, such as the consumer itself, consumer protection, why is the consumer actually protected, the principles on which is the protection based. The second part looks into the unfair terms in consumer contracts. The emphasis is placed on problematic provisions with respect to the Court of Justice case-law as well as the national case-law. An independent head is devoted to the possibility of the contractual penalty in terms of trade. The third section deals with contractual information requirements. It summarizes the European regulation. It also compares the preceding regulation with the new one in order to find the current tendencies. The contractual information requirements are viewed critically, based on specialized comments and analysis. The national regulation is divided into the general regulation and consumer regulation considering the difference between...

Les indemnités de fin de contrat, qu’elles résultent de la loi ou de la volonté contractuelle, sont nombreuses et variées et malgré leur importance pratique aucune étude d’ensemble ne leur avait été consacrée en droit privé. Cette thèse se propose de les étudier conjointement pour en dresser une typologie et en déterminer le régime juridique. La première partie traite de la variété des indemnités, qu’elles soient légales (VRP, agents commerciaux, gérants-mandataires, bail commercial ou rural) ou conventionnelles (indemnité d’anéantissement unilatéral ou de dédit). Il est démontré que l’indemnité de fin de contrat représente le prix d’une liberté contractuelle retrouvée permettant la sauvegarde de l’équilibre économique du contrat. Les contreparties sont en revanche différentes. Elles constituent un encadrement du droit d’anéantir le contrat unilatéralement ou offrent le droit de se dédire, c’est-à-dire de ne pas exécuter le contrat en tout ou partie. La seconde partie est consacrée au régime juridique des indemnités. Il en résulte une liberté contractuelle orientée in melius au profit du créancier de l’indemnité légale. Ainsi que le constat d’un contrôle judiciaire insuffisant s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles. Ce faisant, il est proposé des modifications législatives tant concernant les indemnités légales par l’octroi d’une indemnité de fin de contrat au profit des distributeurs-revendeurs, que s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles par la consécration explicite de la validité du dédit conventionnel ainsi que l’élaboration d’un contrôle judiciaire du montant des indemnités conventionnelles excessives sur le modèle de la clause pénale. / Termination benefits, whether as a result of the law or the contractual will, are numerous and varied and despite their practical importance no comprehensive study had been dedicated to this topic in private law. This thesis proposes to study them jointly to establish a typology and to determine the legal regime. The first part deals with the variety of allowances, whether they are legal or conventional. It is shown that the termination benefit represents the price of a restored contractual freedom with a view to securing a fair balance of interests. The counterparties are, on the other hand, different. They provide a legal framework for the right to annihilate the contract unilaterally or offer the right to withdraw, that is to say, not to execute the contract in whole or in part. The second part is devoted to the legal system of allowances. The result is a contractual freedom directed in melius to the benefit of the creditor of the legal indemnity. As well as the finding of insufficient judicial review in respect of conventional allowances. In this regard, legislative amendments are proposed, both with regard to statutory allowances by granting a termination payment to reseller distributors, as well as conventional allowances by the legal consecration of the validity of conventional withdrawal as well as the development of a judicial review of the amount of excessive conventional allowances, built on the model of the penalty clause.