I ett flertal teorier inom fältet vuxnas lärande, liksom i dokument i specifika skolformer inom svensk vuxenutbildning, ges begreppet reflektion en frontposition i relation till lärande. Begreppet är dock problematiskt i att det har flera olika innebörder som inte nödvändigtvis harmonierar med varandra. Vidare saknar skolformer i utbildningssystemet didaktiska riktlinjer för utformningen av undervisning. Ett spänningsfält kan skönjas här, mellan å ena sidan explicita krav på reflektion i dokument med bäring på specifika skolformers verksamhet, och å andra sidan teoretisk och didaktisk oklarhet kring begreppet reflektion.     Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera folkhögskollärares beskrivningar av hur de utformar undervisning för deltagares reflektion. Den kvalitativa metodansatsen är tematisk analys och det empiriska datamaterialet består av intervjuer med sex folkhögskollärare.     Resultaten av analysen gestaltas i fem övergripande teman av beskrivningar: samtal utformas som perspektivvidgning och återkoppling både i det fysiska och virtuella klassrummet; skrivande utformas via chatt eller för hand genom dikt- och brevskrivande eller som textframställningar i linje med olika skrivgenrer. Dessutom som formuleringar i punkt- eller verbform, som skrivstafett eller som reflektion utifrån givna frågor och uppgifter; frågor utformas dels med öppna frågor som inleds med Vad, Hur, Varför, Vilka och Var och dels som ja/nej-frågor; samspel utformas i helgrupp, i smågrupper eller enskilt med läraren; intryck utformas med textbaserade och visuellt baserade material, auditivt och audiovisuellt material, dofter och gemensamma upplevelser. / In several theories within the field of Adult learning, as well as in specific documents in Swedish Adult education, reflection is given a front position in relation to students’ learning. However, the concept of reflection is problematic in that it has various meanings that do not necessarily harmonize. Furthermore, school forms in the educational system lack guidelines for the design of teaching. A conflict can be discerned here. A conflict between, on the one hand, explicit demands on reflection in documents relevant to specific school forms, and, on the other hand, a lack of clarity concerning the theory and design of reflection in teaching. The aim of this paper is to identify Folk High School teachers’ descriptions of how they design teaching to facilitate their students’ reflection. The qualitative method is thematic analysis and the empirical material consists of interviews with six Folk High School teachers. The results of the analysis are illustrated in five overall themes of descriptions; discussion is designed as broadening of perspectives and feedback in the virtual, as well as physical class room; writing is designed as online chat or by hand, with poetry and letter writing or as texts of various genres. In addition/moreover, as expressions in point- or verb form, as “writing relay” or as reflection based on given questions or assignments; questions are partly designed open-ended, beginning with What, How, Why, Who, and Where, and partly as yes-no questions; interaction is designed plenary, in small groups, or individually with the teacher; impressions are designed with text-based and visually-based materials, auditory and audiovisual materials, fragrances, and shared experiences.

Skönlitterära texter bidrar till att definiera vilka sociala identiteter, och därmed könsroller, som är möjliga i samhället (Fairclough 2010:75). Undersökningen syftar till att medvetandegöra hur könsroller, och maktstrukturer mellan dessa, reproduceras genom den grammatiska kodningen av romanpersoner i spänningslitteratur. Genom en anpassad systemisk-funktionell transitivitetsanalys (Halliday 2004) undersöks mäns och kvinnors dynamiska potential, samt deras processers riktning och agentivitet. Därtill analyseras i vilken utsträckning män och kvinnor nyttjar talarutrymmet i texten. Materialet består av spänningssekvenser ur tre romaner av Camilla Läckberg, Stieg Larsson och Lars Kepler. Resultaten visar att kvinnor i processfördelningen framstår som mer dynamiska än män, men att mäns processer i större utsträckning riktar sig mot yttre deltagare och påverkar dessa. Kvinnor blir oftare föremål för andras processer och påverkas i lika stor mån som de själva kan påverka. Män dominerar även talarutrymmet. Slutsatsen blir att även om kvinnor framstår som mer dynamiska än män, framstår män som mer handlingskraftiga och förmögna till påverkan än kvinnor.

This master thesis investigates Bibliotherapy at a Public Library in Sweden. The result is based on the experiences of the participants in an ongoing group in the spring of 2019. The result is also based on the views of professionals within the area of Bibliotherapy. This essay has the following research questions: Why and how do the Public Libraries choose to work with Bibliotherapy? How and why do people choose to participate in Bibliotherapy? What are the potential effects (of Bibliotherapy) for Public Libraries and what effects are stated from the people using it? Fenomenological interviews were carried out with three professionals within the area of Bibliotherapy and three participants in the bibliotherapy group. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. Theories applied in the analyzis of the interviews were Anthony Giddens theory of latemodernity and reflexive identity, psykological theories of the bibliotherapeutic process and theories regarding reading and its effects on people.  The results showed that profesionals expressed that Bibliotherapy is an important tool for people regarding the importance of conversations and in dealing with existential themes in their life. The participants expressed that they appreciated Bibliotherapy as a platform for indepths conversations and regarding existential themes. They also expressed the benefits of taking part of other peoples experiences. They also stated that the group was an important area for creating space for own time, away from demands in everyday life. The result also showed exemples of people relating to the bibliotherapeutic experience in a way that corresponds to aspects of reflexive identity. In the experiences of the participants there were examples of the bibliotherapeutic process mostly through expressions of identification and katarsis. Reading effects were also expressed as aestethic pleasure, transportation and escapism. The professionals stated that Public Libraries should work with bibliotherapy due to their aims in reading promotion. Also due to their obligation to take part in fullfilling the needs of the citizens in society, the potential library user aswell as the user. The Public Library can also benefit från being a platform for bibliotherapy thus confirming the importance of their role in society. This is a two year master´s thesis in Library and Information Science.

In this thesis my aim is to analyse and discuss discourses of Swedish disability research, with focus on participation in research by disabled people. My research question is based on an observation that research overviews and evaluations repeatedly argue for the importance of participation of disabled people. This request has been recurrent and more or less intact in its form for over 20 years. My question is why this request has not been fulfilled or altered in its form. I base my theoretical framework and methodology on Critical Discourse Analysis, and the power of language in a constructed and reconstructed social reality, with a semi-structuralist approach as developed by the British sociolinguist Norman Fairclough. In focus is the discursive construction of research participation and participants. My result after a systemic-functional grammar analysis of governmental research reports and peer-reviewed articles published in English, in international academic journals, by researchers with affiliation to Swedish universities, is that participation is discussed in terms of disabled people primarily as the source of information rather than as actual actors in a research process. The discursive construction of disabled participants rests on identification and representation connected to being disabled / having an impairment. A discourse of knowledge validation is based on a division of roles, tasks and labour, in which researchers and participants are constructed in opposing subject positions. Participant influence is constructed in terms of subjectivity and personal interest, as opposed to the objective expertise of the researchers. Discourses are, however, found to be contested and inconsistent, both in terms of conceptual definitions of disability and disability research, and as manifested in actual use of language. The most fixed discourse seems to be that of requests for increased participation, and the attributing of personal experiences to participants, in contrast to attributing professional expertise to researchers.

<p>The purpose of the study was to learn how social structures can enable accessibility, by asking persons with visual impairment about their experiences of accessibility in the public environment in the city of Stockholm. Eleven adults with visual impairments, living in the city of Stockholm, were interviewed using two separate focus groups. The study was carried out with the objective to allow for the participants to be involved in the research process. The resulting data was analyzed on the basis of Nancy Fraser’s theory on social justice, focusing on the conceptions; needs, politicised needs, redistribution, recognition and misrecognition. Qualitative findings were reported on the participants’ descriptions of; the Handicap Political Programme of Stockholm as a programme encompassing high ambitions with limited practical influence on every day life, barriers and facilitators for accessibility in the city of Stockholm and equality as one consequence of a society accessible for people with visual impairment. The study illustrated that different facilitators, depending on the context, and intervention by the society are required in order to enable accessibility for all members of society.</p>

The purpose of the study was to learn how social structures can enable accessibility, by asking persons with visual impairment about their experiences of accessibility in the public environment in the city of Stockholm. Eleven adults with visual impairments, living in the city of Stockholm, were interviewed using two separate focus groups. The study was carried out with the objective to allow for the participants to be involved in the research process. The resulting data was analyzed on the basis of Nancy Fraser’s theory on social justice, focusing on the conceptions; needs, politicised needs, redistribution, recognition and misrecognition. Qualitative findings were reported on the participants’ descriptions of; the Handicap Political Programme of Stockholm as a programme encompassing high ambitions with limited practical influence on every day life, barriers and facilitators for accessibility in the city of Stockholm and equality as one consequence of a society accessible for people with visual impairment. The study illustrated that different facilitators, depending on the context, and intervention by the society are required in order to enable accessibility for all members of society.

The purpose of this study was to examine participants' experiences and descriptions of a municipal activation program, and how participants perceive their opportunities for influence on their own needs and requirements. The results are based on statements from six semi-structured, individual interviews conducted by the qualitative method. Empowerment, paternalism and social capital are among the study's theoretical frame of reference. The main results show that more participants are critical of aspects of coercion and involuntary willingness in participation. Motivation for participation seems to mainly be linked to whether the activity is experienced as meaningful, as well as to the attitude of the staff. An individual, affirmative response from the staff seems to be of concern to the participants' general experience of the program. The contact with other participants interpreted from theory of social capital and collective empowerment.

The Roma minority in Sweden are discriminated against at the labor market, housing, education, civil society and in political representation. Despite this discrimination several Roma activists have created an arena for themselves where they have played an important role in the struggle for human rights for Romas in Sweden. This thesis aims to explore the conditions under which Roma politicians and activists participate in the political dialogue in Sweden. Iris Marion Young's theories on inclusive democracy with the three nodes of greeting, rhetoric and narrative are used as theoretical framework. The method of the thesis may be described as a micro-ethnography, where five Roma politicians or activists are interviewed and participatory observation is conducted. The material was collected during the Swedish election 2014. The result of the study concludes that it appears as if the political arena is rather open to persons outside the majority normative. Many of the Romas are greeted and welcomed into the political sphere. The lack of a Roma narrative and the lack of tolerance for a rhetoric outside the normative, as well as difficulties due to lack of schooling, makes it difficult for Romas to fully participate and be includes in the political and democratic arena.

I denna uppsats undersöks tre svenska partiers webbplatser, specifikt startsidorna samt webbsidor som gäller temat integration. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vilka deltagare och vilka typer av processer som synliggörs på integrationswebbsidorna samt även hur modus och modalitet framträder. Vidare avser undersökningen att analysera användandet av avbildningar samt andra semiotiska resurser på partiernas respektive startsida. Vad kan man se i en text eller i bild? Kan man som avsändare framställa sig på ett visst sätt vid textelement respektive bildelement? Med hjälp av verktyg från systemisk-funktionell grammatik undersöker jag textelementen och bildelementen undersöks med verktyg från visuell textanalys. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det finns vissa likheter och skillnader mellan partiernas startsidor respektive integrationswebbsidor. Skillnaderna är dels vad varje parti framför av sina politiska åsikter i skrift, dels att användandet av avbildningar och andra semiotiska resurser skiljer sig.

This paper focuses on facework used by the invited guests in a broadcasted debate. The purpose of this analysis is to investigate how the invited guests use facework and how the guest relate to their functional role within the debate. The aim is also to investigate how the phases of the debate regulate the facework used by the guests. The analysis is based on transcrition and videomaterial from one of Sweden’s most viewed debates, Opinion Live. Conversation analysis (CA) is part of the theoretical framework used to analyse support, interruption and conversation turns. To analyze facework this paper relies on Goffman’s theory of face and Muntigl &amp; Turnbull’s four types of disagreement acts in facework and arguing. Brown &amp; Levinson’s politeness theory has also been used to investigate facework and strategies. In addition, Svensson’s definition of the debate’s specific roles within the format has also been used. The results show that facework has two purposes. The first is that it is used to defend the guest’s own face. The other purpose is to attack other guest’s faces which implies that their functional roles in the debate are being challenged. The results also points towards that the structure of the conversation in the debate itself influence the types of facework used by the guests.