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This study has aimed to contribute to the learning and understanding of how music teachers interpret and teach the concept of multiculturalism. Music teacher have the task of teaching to promote students’ understanding of different musical cultures, while their teaching is increasingly rooted in Western musical traditions. Through a qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews, ten music teachers participated in the study. The material has been processed, coded, categorized, and linked to the concepts of intercultural learning, ethnocentrism and ethnomusicology. The study suggests that multiculturalism interpretation is based on the concepts ethnicity and identity. In this study, music teachers emphasize the value of working with multiculturalism and underline that the meeting between different cultures is central. However, the study shows that music teachers witness a lack of knowledge for more thorough teaching. Working with multiculturalism, can contribute to a greater understanding of different cultures and increased social cohesion. But this requires more learning, about how music teachers can interpret and work with multiculturalism in their teaching. One conclusion of the study is that music teachers know why they should teach about multiculturalism and what the teaching should include – but how they can teach multiculturalism is still uncertain. / Denna studie syftar till att bidra med ökad förståelse för hur musiklärare tolkar och implementerar begreppet mångkulturalitet i musikundervisningen. Musiklärare har till uppgift att undervisa för att främja elevers förståelse för olika musikkulturer, samtidigt som deras undervisning i allt högre grad är förankrad i västerländska musiktraditioner. Genom en kvalitativ ansats och med semistrukturerade intervjuer har tio musiklärare deltagit i studien. Materialet har bearbetats, kodats samt kategoriserats och sedan satts i relation till interkulturellt lärande, etnocentrism och musiketnologi. Studiens resultat visar på att mångkultur oftast tolkas utifrån etnicitet och identitet. I studien framhåller musiklärare värdet av att arbeta med mångkulturalitet samt betonar att mötet mellan olika kulturer är centralt. Dock upplever musiklärare bristande kunskap för en mer ingående undervisning. Arbete med mångkulturalitet kan bidra till större förståelse för olika kulturer och ökad social gemenskap. För detta krävs då mer lärdom om hur musiklärare ska tolka och arbeta med mångkulturalitet i sin undervisning. En slutsats i studien är därmed att musiklärare vet varför de bör undervisa om mångkulturalitet samt vad undervisningen bör innefatta – men hur undervisningen kan utformas för att omfatta multikulturalism är fortfarande ovisst.

Sverige är idag ett mångkulturellt land vilket även präglar skolans förutsättningar. De förändrade förutsättningarna och nya utmaningarna för den svenska skolan är ett resultat av bland annat det mångkulturella samhällets framväxt, och en liknande utveckling pågår i flera länder. Med denna bakgrund har vi i vår kunskapsöversikt valt att belysa de utmaningar och möjligheter som finns i historieundervisningen i det mångkulturella klassrummet. Metoden för kunskapsöversikten är informationssökning där vi med hjälp av databaserna ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), ERC (Education Research Complete) och Swepub hittat relevant material för att besvara våra frågeställningar.  Vår kunskapsöversikt belyser i resultatets första del de utmaningar som finns idag i svenska skolans mångkulturella klassrum. Här kommer vi att utförligt redogöra för utmaningar såsom: segregerade betygsresultat, monokulturell undervisning och skolans oförmåga att nå upp till de likvärdighets- och interkulturella mål som Skolverket satt. Vidare kommer resultatdelen att behandla olika strategier för att bemöta de krav som mångkulturella klassrum ställer på skolan och undervisningen. I denna del kommer vi att beröra interkulturell undervisning, narrativ identitet, fyra strategier samt ökat stöd till lärare i sin profession.  Utmaningarna och möjligheterna som kunskapsöversikten belyser ställer stora krav på lärarprofessionen. Forskning om hur lärare tillämpar dessa strategier i undervisningen är nödvändig för att kunna genomföra en historieundervisning som tar hänsyn till det mångkulturella klassrummet. Det mångkulturella samhället har med säkerhet kommit för att stanna och därför behöver man se över historieämnets innehåll och förmedling i undervisningen i det mångkulturella klassrummet.

This study aimed to investigate how students in upper secondary school experience religious education in a secularizedand multicultural society. This study was conducted using a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews with seven students in upper secondary school. The students that participated in thissurvey positioned themselves as atheists, Muslims, and Christians. The interviews were constructed with the aim of producing a result that reflects the students' experiences of religiouseducation in upper secondary school while considering the students' own experiences of religion. The students' experiences were analyzed and discussed in relation to the Swedish curriculum's description of the purpose of religious education and previous research on religious education in a multicultural and secularized Sweden. Thisresearch shows that there are varied perceptions of how religious education is perceived by studentsbased on their knowledge and experience of religion.Those students who identified themselves as religious, and whose environment consists of a majority with a cultural background other than Swedish, find that religious education tends to deal with aspects that differ from their knowledge and experience of religion. This study also shows that religious education in Sweden is experienced as dealing with religions and cultures on a general level. A common factor identified in the survey is that students findit important to learn about religion through increased discussion and integration whichcontributes to a deeper understandingof religion. This is perceived as a need forreligious education in a multicultural and secularizedsociety. The result presented in this study is also reflected in previous studies conducted in the discipline of religious didactics. This indicates that there are some challenges as well as some opportunities for development regarding religious educationin a multicultural and secularizedsociety.

<p>The purpose with this study is to investigate the experiences some adult Romans have of co-operation between Romani parents and school. The study is based on interviews and has been inspired of critical ethnography and hermeneutic theories. What views have the Romani adults and parents on parental co-operation with school? Which strategy do they see as a practical way for improved parental co-operating with school? The study show that the Romani parents who participated in this study do want a very close co-operation and have used strategies of open communication and giving suggestion on how to co-operate with the schools. One of the informants has had the opportunity to give an in-dept interview and this gives an example of a more diversified picture of the Romani parental patterns in relation to school. The adult Ro-mani group that has been interviewed thinks that a close co-operation with school is very im-portant. One suggestion of improvement from the interviewers is teacher-assistans to improve the schools parental co-operation. There where also suggestions that educational efforts of the school is needed for all students and to include knowledge about who the Romani people are and about their history, culture and language. Some of the parents even showed examples of giving suggestions to teachers to increase the contact by writing in a dairy for each student. The parents in this study also reports of institutionalized antigypsyism and discrimination. In that view the in-dept interview gives an explanation to why the co-operation is believed to be so crucial. There is a fear that the public authorities in somewhat way would hurt the Romani children.</p>

The purpose with this study is to investigate the experiences some adult Romans have of co-operation between Romani parents and school. The study is based on interviews and has been inspired of critical ethnography and hermeneutic theories. What views have the Romani adults and parents on parental co-operation with school? Which strategy do they see as a practical way for improved parental co-operating with school? The study show that the Romani parents who participated in this study do want a very close co-operation and have used strategies of open communication and giving suggestion on how to co-operate with the schools. One of the informants has had the opportunity to give an in-dept interview and this gives an example of a more diversified picture of the Romani parental patterns in relation to school. The adult Ro-mani group that has been interviewed thinks that a close co-operation with school is very im-portant. One suggestion of improvement from the interviewers is teacher-assistans to improve the schools parental co-operation. There where also suggestions that educational efforts of the school is needed for all students and to include knowledge about who the Romani people are and about their history, culture and language. Some of the parents even showed examples of giving suggestions to teachers to increase the contact by writing in a dairy for each student. The parents in this study also reports of institutionalized antigypsyism and discrimination. In that view the in-dept interview gives an explanation to why the co-operation is believed to be so crucial. There is a fear that the public authorities in somewhat way would hurt the Romani children.

Intercultural learning is an aspect in all matters of teaching, including civics. Although it is not specified “how” intercultural learning should be included or defined in civics. In the curriculum LGR 11 for the elementary school the concept of intercultural learning is explicitly included but in GY 11 for the upper secondary school its excluded, at least explicitly. Furthermore, there is ambiguities about the definition of intercultural teaching. Although tolerance, equality, and social justice are aspects that intercultural teaching strives to develop. In relation to the report ICCS 2016 attributes such as tolerance, values and understanding norms in other cultures indicated to be somewhat lacking in students, attributes that intercultural learning is supposed to develop. The purpose of this master thesis is to interview upper secondary school teachers in civics about their perception of intercultural learning, in what ways intercultural learning occurs in teaching and how the teachers perceive support for intercultural learning in GY 11. To study this, I have used semi-structured interviews. Their answers were later analysed through three theoretical aspects based on Lahdenperäs (2004) definition of intercultural learning. These are student-active and experience-based teaching, culture contrastive perspective and emotionally process one’s own ethnocentrism. The result show that intercultural learning is unusual when the interviewed teachers reflect upon their teaching planning. The teachers did not or only barely understood the concept of intercultural learning. After the interviews were analysed, it showed a mixed result about how teachers reflect and understand intercultural learning and how they include it in their teaching. Sometimes the teachers mentioned aspects that indicate the use of intercultural learning and at other times responses indicated otherwise, even aspects that intercultural learning is supposed to oppose. Perceived support about intercultural teaching in the curriculum GY 11 deemed to be somewhat lacking and could be improved upon. Although the teachers mentioned that it might be difficult to include more aspects in the curriculum due to the overload in work it might cause. The results also showed that intercultural teaching might be an area to study further upon because of the interesting reflections by the teachers, that might aid the understanding of how intercultural teaching could be included in teaching. / Interkulturellt lärande är en aspekt som ska ingå i all undervisning, däribland i samhällskunskapsdidaktiken men hur det ska inkluderas och definieras är inte tydligt. I läroplanen LGR 11 finns interkulturellt lärande explicit inkluderat, dock i GY 11 saknas begreppet trots att det är ett ämne som ska inkluderas i all undervisning. Interkulturellt lärande är ett otydligt, brett begrepp som det råder osäkerheter kring i forskning. Interkulturellt lärande ska dock inkludera moment som utvecklar kunskaper kring tolerans, social rättvisa, jämlikhet med elevers olika erfarenheter och utbytet av perspektiv. I relation med egenskaperna interkulturellt lärande ska utveckla så kan betydelsen av interkulturellt lärande ställas mot ICCS 2016 som visade brister hos elevers kunskaper inom områden berörande tolerans, värderingar och normer. Examensarbetets syfte är att ta reda på aktiva samhällskunskapslärares uppfattningar om interkulturellt lärande, hur lärarna inkluderar det i sin undervisning och vilket uppfattat stöd i GY 11 erbjuder, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Svaren analyseras med hjälp av tre teoretiska aspekter skapade genom Lahdenperäs (2004) definition av begreppet interkulturellt lärande. Dessa utgångspunkter är: Studentaktiv och erfarenhetsbaserad undervisning, kulturkontrastivt perspektiv och känslomässig bearbetning av sin egen etnocentrism. Resultatet visar att interkulturellt lärande är ett ovanligt begrepp att ta hänsyn till i samhällskunskapsundervisningen. Endast en av lärarna kände till begreppet ”interkultur” och kunde ge en generell förklaring av dess definition, dock inte ”interkulturellt lärande”. Analysen visar ett blandat resultat över huruvida lärare reflekterar kring interkulturellt lärande i undervisning. Samtliga lärare gav respons som indikerar på att de emellanåt hade aspekter som berör interkulturellt lärande dock samtidigt gavs aspekter som interkulturellt lärande ska motverka såsom bearbetningen av etnocentrism. Upplevt stöd från läroplanen om interkulturellt lärande kan utvecklas, då det ansågs som ett viktigt ämne men att det finns annan problematik, såsom tidsbrist för ytterligare tillägg i undervisningen. Dock utifrån analysen kunde en slutsats dra att det är ett område som är av värde att studeras vidare inom då intressanta uppfattningar av lärarna visade på faktorer som kan vara användbart i reflektioner om interkulturellt lärande i undervisning.