The purpose of the study is to find out how professional preschool teachers work to promote language development in children who have some form of language delay. We want to investigate which working methods the preschool teachers use to support those children with language delays in preschool. In order to be able to answer the study's purpose and questions, we have used a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews. In the study, ten professional preschool teachers were interviewed who work at different preschools within the same municipality. The collected empirical data were analyzed through the phenomenographic methodological approach. The theoretical starting point in our study is Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective.  The results of the study show that preschool teachers have several different ways of working to support the language development of children who have some form of language delay. The results also show that preschool teachers take the support of special educators to get tips and ideas on how they can work with children who have some form of language delay. The conclusion of our research is that the study contributes with knowledge and understanding of how to support the children who have some form of language delay in their language development. But we can see that even more knowledge is needed in the field. / Studiens syfte är att ta reda på hur yrkesverksamma förskollärare arbetar för att främja språkutveckling hos de barn som har någon form av språkförsening. Vi vill undersöka vilka arbetssätt förskollärarna använder sig av för att stötta barn med språkförsening i förskolan. För att kunna svara på studiens syfte och frågeställningar har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studien intervjuades tio yrkesverksamma förskollärare som arbetar på olika förskolor inom samma kommun. Den insamlade empirin analyserades genom den fenomenografiska metodansatsen. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i vår studie är Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv. Studiens resultat visar på att förskollärarna har flera olika arbetssätt för att stötta språkutvecklingen hos de barn som har någon form av språkförsening. I resultatet framkommer det även att förskollärarna tar stöd av specialpedagoger för att få tips och idéer på hur de kan arbeta med barnen som har någon form av språkförsening. Slutsatsen av vår forskning är att studien bidrar med kunskap och förståelse för hur förskollärare kan stötta de barn som har någon form av språkförsening i deras språkutveckling. Däremot kan vi se att det behövs ännu mer kunskap inom området.

The purpose of this research overview is to analyze previous research and see how theeducational approach Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has affected students’ language development and subject knowledge. The study is aimed at the Swedish upper secondary school and focuses on language learning and knowledge development in the subject of ´History. The paper is based on the research question: How has the CLILapproach been implemented in history education for the purpose of promoting students’language development as well as subject knowledge, and how is this perceived from a teacher- and student perspective? Several search engines were used for the gathering of research articles for this overview, such as; ERIC, SWEPUB, Libsearch and to a small extent Google Scholar. In order to find the most relevant data, several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the searches. During the process of evaluating relevant articles, a smaller version of an annotated bibliography was created to speed up the work process. The research shows that there are not any clear guidelines on how effective CLILeducation should be implemented and that the subject of History does not seem to benefit from the implementation of it. However, most researchers agree that further investigation regarding the content-part of CLIL is needed to get an understanding of how the implementation of such educational approaches affect both language development and subject knowledge.

This research synthesis investigates the topic of movies in education, and explores advantages and challenges when using movies as a tool for language development in the English classroom. With the framework of language learning theories and methods, scholarly journal articles are synthesized to explore significant themes within this area. There are several advantages relating to the use of movies in language teaching, such as the benefits of multimodality, authentic language input, and knowledge construction. The challenges that might influence the benefits of the use of film as a teaching tool are, for instance, how to create tasks that make the viewing of movies more than just entertainment for learning language and knowledge development.

Sammanfattning I läraryrket har vi sett hur viktigt och väsentligt det muntliga och skriftliga språket är i allt lärande. Språkkravet i skolan ökar under elevens skolgång och eleven möter allt mer komplexa texter av olika text- och språkstrukturer, textmängder och textinnehåll. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur lärares undervisning bedrivs i praktiken, med fokus på hur språklig utveckling hos eleverna i förskoleklass till årskurs 3 främjas. Vidare handlar det om att synliggöra vilka språkliga förmågor som lärare bearbetar med eleverna, för att stärka deras språkliga kompetens. Studien tillämpar ett induktivt förhållningssätt och är av kvalitativ natur. Metodansatsen är etnografisk och består av öppna observationer med förstärkning av observjuer, där materialinsamlingen analyseras genom en tematisk analys. Detta innebär att studien grundar sig i ett öppet förhållningssätt till det vi observerade och observjuade. Insamlingen är från 9 olika grundskolor i 5 olika kommuner. Omfattningen av materialet är 18 timmar observerad undervisning. Studiens resultat visar att läraren arbetar språkutvecklande i både planerad form och genom att fånga de tillfällen som ges till spontana interaktioner med eleverna. Undervisningen har berört både språkets form, struktur och funktion, vilka kan betecknas som grunden för en språklig utveckling. I studien har vi mött engagerade lärare, som lägger stor vikt vid att inkludera ord och begrepp som en naturlig del i undervisningen. På så sätt har den semantiska förmågan stått i fokus i den språkliga undervisningen.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the preschool teacher’s attitude and attitude towards working with children who have Swedish as a second language. We are also investigating what working methods and materials preschool teachers use to promote multilingual children's language development with regards to the Swedish language and the child's mother tongue. Issues that we have used are: What attitude do preschool teachers have in working with multilingualism? What working methods and materials do preschool teachers use to promote multilingual children's language development with regards to the Swedish language and the child's mother tongue? To get answers to our purpose, we used qualitative interviews with six preschool teachers from four different preschools in three different municipalities in Stockholm. We have analyzed data collection from a socio-cultural perspective. The result showed that interviewed preschool teachers see the work of multilingualism as an asset. Preschool teachers are aware that it is a resource to know more than one language, as the children can switch between both languages. In our result, it was found that the educator’s main way of working for language development is to work consciously in smaller groups of children. To have a conversation while reading is the most important factor in promoting multilingual children's language development. The educators use books in different languages, concrete materials, and pictures in planned activities such as gatherings and fairy tales. All preschool teachers also believe that rhymes and language-developing games such as memory increase children's language development.

The problem addressed by this study was the relationship created by mandated English language curricula and state standardized tests and students' perceived levels of self-efficacy. Vygotsky's theories on thought and language development and Bandura's theories on self-efficacy were used as a theoretical lens for this study. The research question concerned the relationships between students' perceived levels of self-efficacy, gender, age, and grade point average (GPA) and language development when learning within a standards-based test-driven environment. The ELA portion of the State High School Exit Exam (SHEE) generated language development scores. The General Self Efficacy (GSE) scale was the survey instrument used for this study. The GSE is a 10-item scale, and each item is ranked on a 4-point scale (1-Not at All True, 4- Exactly True). The scores for each item are then added together for a total score between 10-40. Cumulative GPA, student age, gender, and language proficiency scores from the ELA portion of the SHEE were used as variables in this study. Language proficiency scores were used as a progress indicator for students' language development. Language proficiency (ELA SHEE scores) was measured an interval scale between 275-450 (350 = passing, 382 = proficient, 405 = advanced). A multiway ANOVA was conducted. According to study results, there was not a statistically significant relationship between students' perceived levels of self-efficacy, gender, age, and GPA and language development when learning within a standards-based test-driven environment. There are aspects of recent curriculum trends that seem to be helping students reach state proficiency goals while also building personal levels of self-efficacy.

Denna studie undersöker förskollärares erfarenhet och uppfattningar om högläsning inom förskolan, både med analoga böcker och digitala böcker samt hur det kan påverka barns språkutveckling. Studien använder sig av metoden enkät som delats ut i två Facebookgrupper för verksamma inom förskolan. Utifrån enkätsvaren analyserades sex olika kategorier fram, förskollärares berättarprofession, boksamtal, språklig sårbarhet, språkutveckling, barngruppens storlek samt undervisningssyfte. Resultatet visar att respondenterna ser en fördel med att använda sig både av analog- och digital högläsning men att det beror på vilken av de sex kategorierna som är i fokus för högläsningsstunden.

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The aim of this study is to explore how teachers and principals conceptualize language development and what strategies they employ to promote language development in their students. The research was conducted using qualitative interviews in a primary school located in three cities in southern Sweden. The informants in this study include five teachers and one external contributor who teach theoretical subjects at the primary school level of a six-year compulsory school. The choice of informants is important because teachers and external contributors play key roles in shaping language development in schools.  The results show that concepts and subject-specific words, image support and various writing and reading exercises as well as how the educators use the school language in relation to everyday language have beneficial effects on the students' language and knowledge development in teaching in general and primarily in social studies teaching. The study's conclusion shows that there is a great need to include language in the teaching of socially oriented subjects because language has a great importance for the students' development. Our results are based on the information obtained from interviews conducted.

Denna studie har som syftet att undersöka lärares uppfattning om innebörden av språkutvecklande undervisning och dess möjligheter och hinder. En kvalitativ undersökning genomfördes med åtta F-3 lärare för att besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Resultatet visar att det finns en samsyn hos de flesta informanterna. Slutsatsen är att den språkutvecklande undervisningen innebär lärares ansvar att ge eleverna de förutsättningarna som behövs för att utveckla språkkunskaper. En välplanerad undervisning som inkluderar diverse anpassningsmetoder anses vara mest effektivt i språkutvecklande undervisning. Samverkan med skolans övriga personal är en annan viktig aspekt i arbetet, både för att kunna ge elever det stödet de behöver och även för förbättringar av undervisningen.