Our goal with this paper is to see how male and female sport is described through a gender perspective in the newspapers Örnsköldsviks Allehanda and Aftonbladet (Sportbladet). Is there any difference between male and female sport reporting? Are the different sexes described in a certain way? How are they described? Do men and women get as much space in the sport-pages of the newspapers? And are there any differences or similarities over a ten year period? To look on some of these factors we have been doing a quantitative- and qualitative analysis of data. The quantitative analysis to show patterns that could be easy to count. For example we looked if the article was about men our women, what sport, whom had written the article and how much space the article were given. This to easy estimate if there was any differences in the sports reporting. After that we studied four articles very carefully, articles that had indicated signs and patterns that we could use to answer our main questions. According to our study, we can see that women are underrepresented in sports reporting. The survey shows that men often are portrayed after the cultural stereotype where they are portrayed as strong, confident and safe. The women on the other hand get to talk about things that isn’t related to their sports. The survey also showed that when the women got space in the sports pages, it was often because they have won something big, but men got the same amount of space for much smaller successes. We could not find any correlation between the writers sex and which sex he or she was writing about, but over our ten year period we could see that although the female writers at Sportbladet increased the sport reporting of women stood still. In Örnsköldsviks Allehanda on the other hand, the female writers stood still but the reporting increased.

Studien tar avstamp i friidrotten och undersöker vilket inflytande sponsorer har i sportjournalistiken. Syftet är att ta reda på om det finns en koppling mellan sponsorers inflytande i medier och friidrottares utrymme i medier. Det handlar framförallt om att förstå hur denna koppling ser ut ifrån sportjournalistikens perspektiv. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta sportjournalister från varierande sportmedier (Dagens Nyheter, Expressen, Sportbladet och SVT Sport) har vi tagit reda på hur deras erfarenhet och förhållande till sponsorer har varit. Resultaten visar att förhållandet mellan medier och sponsorer är mer nyanserad än den framstår. En slags symbios kvarstår, men hur den utmärker sig visar sig vara annorlunda. De resultat vi har fått analyserar vi med nyhetsvärdering, dagordningsteorin och medialisering som teoretiska grunder.

In this essay I have studied Aftonbladets portrayal of the Swedish businessman Jan Stenbeck and if the reporting changes before and after his death, and if so, in which ways. With help from a qualitative syntax analysis and a content analysis I studied my material about Stenbeck during the time period 2000-09-19 to 2004-09-19. In my quantitative analysis I studied 140 articles and in my syntax analysis I studied ten articles, five before and five after Stenbecks death. The theoretical perspectives that I applied in my study is Sigurd Allerns theory about tabloid papers novelty criteria and Adam Shehatas theory about Framing. Allerns theory describes what criteria the tabloid papers have on news and Shehatas theory about framing describes the political forces behind the news who wants to set their own agenda. The results from my quantitative study show that there is more sensational news about Stenbeck after his death rather than before. The news before his death was mostly about Stenbecks work. In the results from my qualitative analysis I found that the content among the articles after Stenbecks death were more negative than the ones before he’s death. This is partly due to the ideological standpoints that the authors of the articles take. In the end discussion I interpret the results from my analysis, by example how Aftonbladets yellow journalism affect their portrayal of Stenbeck in my opinion.

Denna undersökning syftar till att med en kvalitativ receptionsanalys svara på frågan hur de anställda på Banken X tolkar en intern reklamfilm på ett dominant, förhandlande eller oppositionellt vis. Ytterligare en frågeställning om huruvida de anställdas uppfattning av begreppet ambition, som är centralt i den interna kampanjen, korresponderar med det som Banken X vill att den ska förmedla.  Undersökningens metodik är en receptionsstudie som innefattar dominant, förhandlande samt oppositionella tolkningar. Resultatet för dessa tolkningar bygger på nio stycken kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda på ett av bankens lokalkontor. Våra teoretiska utgångspunkter är receptionsanalys, kritisk teori, socialkonstruktionism, interkommunikation samt företagskultur. Teorierna har legat till grund för vår analys samt resultat. Resultaten visar på att olika tolkningar av den interna reklamfilmen har gjorts av de anställda, men att den dominanta tolkningen var den mest framstående. Vidare har vi sett att ambition är ett väldigt brett begrepp som tolkas olika av de anställda vilket gör det svårt att få en helt koherent uppfattning av de över tusen anställda. Vi har kommit fram till att våra valda teorier internkommunikation och företagskultur är starkt sammankopplade på det vis att internkommunikationen på något vis definierar företagets kultur. Undersökningen har även visat på att det som behövs för att nå en ökad förståelse hos de anställda är mer diskussion och information kring vad begreppet ambition står för i företagets kontext samt vad man vill förmedla både internt och externt till kunderna.

Zara Larsson and the male haters. A critical discourse analysis of the medias depiction of the singer Zara Larsson’s commentary on Bråvallafestivalen 2015 Zara Larsson, born in 1997, is a famous, young swedish singer. Besides her career in music she is also famous for her feminist thoughts in social media. In 2015, she critizised the swedish festival Bråvallafestivalen for its lack of female artists. This critizism was first published in the swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter and afterwards there was a huge reaction in social media where lots of people critizised and threatened Zara Larsson because of her thougths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore how swedish newspapers reports about this situation and how Zara Larsson is portrayed, from a genderperspective. We are using a thematic analysis and a critical discourse analysis as a method. The analysis is based on articles and opinion journalism in swedish newspapers from all over the country. Theories we have used for the study is gendersystems and ideology. The main conclusion of this study is that the debate ended up to be very polarized, and that the supporting side of Zara Larsson dominated the debate, while the opposition tended to be some sort of hopeless contenders. We could also se that the main ideology was feminism, both visible and hidden in the texts. Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, Thematic analysis, gender, Zara Larsson, Bråvalla festival.

Abstract Titel: ”Här är sanningen Sverige!” – Unga flickor med annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund och deras relation till medier i identitetsskapandet Författare: Nina Gergi Handledare: Eva Åsén Ekstrand Nyckelord: Identitet, identitetsskapande, flickor, genus, medier, relation, etnicitet, kultur, självuppfattning, syriansk-ortodoxa, kurder, ungdomar, unga, medieinnehåll, medieanvändning, mediepåverkan. Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa relationen mellan flickor med annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund och medier. Målet med uppsatsen är att öka medvetenheten om flickornas bakgrundshistoria, det nuvarande levnadssättet och den framtida självbilden i relation till medierna och identitetsaspekten. Frågeställning Den övergripande frågeställningen i den här uppsatsen är: Hur ser relationen ut mellan medier och flickor med annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund? För att besvara huvudfrågan delade jag in frågeställningen i tre delfrågor. Vilken roll anser flickorna att medierna har när de formar sin identitet?  Hur värderar flickorna mediernas beskrivning av deras nuvarande levnadsvillkor och deras bakgrundshistoria? Förstärker eller försvagar medierna bilden av deras liv? Vilken betydelse anser flickorna att medierna har för deras självuppfattning, dvs. hur de förstår sin nuvarande situation och sin framtida möjlighet i Sverige? Metod Studien är kvalitativ och baserar sig på djupintervjuer med sex flickor – tre flickor från den syriansk-ortodoxa folkgruppen samt tre flickor från den kurdiska folkgruppen, i åldrarna 20–25 år. Med identitet avses inte religiös identitet. Flickorna som intervjuas har därför både kristen och muslimsk religiös bakgrund. Deras ursprung finns också i folkgrupper vars likheter är att de inte har en egen stat eller nation. Slutsats Relationen mellan medier och flickor med annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund är komplex, precis som människors identitetsskapande också är. För flickorna som lever i det svenska samhället och samtidigt med en annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund i hemmet blir bilden mer komplex – de lever med dubbla biografiska berättelser. När flickorna ovanpå det upplever att den bild som medierna ger av deras situation är missvisande, och i det närmaste obefintlig, blir bilden ännu mer komplex. Jag använder ordet dubbelt för att beskriva komplexiteten i flickornas identitetsskapande: dubbel utsatthet, dubbel uteslutning och dubbelt negativt kapital. Min analys visar att medierna i Sverige inte ger flickor med annan etnisk och kulturell bakgrund verktygen som de behöver för att utveckla sina identiteter. Medierna bidrar till att cementera en felaktig bild av flickorna, göra dem till offer eller rentav osynliggöra dem. Den roll som medierna spelar i flickornas liv är hämmande och de får arbeta aktivt för att förändra bilden som skapas i medierna. Flickorna använder inte medier i någon större utsträckning. De anser inte att traditionella medier hjälper dem att forma deras framtid i Sverige. Däremot inspirerar internet flickorna att bygga en fiktiv värld där de får utrymme att förhandla innebörden av sin kulturella identitet och få en förståelse för sitt komplexa identitetsarbete.

The aim of this thesis is to determine how the debate about equality in the culture of video and computer games appears in different kind of web based media. And what underlying reasons may affect the outcome of the discourse. The theoretical perspectives used in this study is based on a gender perspective complemented with the concept of hegemony, myths and stereotypes. This examination is based on a critical discourse analysis and Fairclough’s three dimensional model of discourse, the material has been collected with a quantitative content analysis. The result of the study shows that inequality in the culture of video and computer games is a big problem. The result is a study of constant repression against women, threats and harassment. The deduction of this study is that the patriarchy is the fundamental structure that has created the current culture of gaming. And as long as the patriarchy exsists, so will the inequality, not only in society, but in the ever growing culture of video and computer games.

The Swedish prime minister, Olof Palme was murdered in the middle of the street in the heart of Stockholm, by an unknown perpetrator on the 28th of February 1986. Even though it has been 32 years since the death of the former prime minister, a keen interest of the murder within the media still exists and has not decreased over the years. By conducting a qualitative text analysis, this paper examined how the murder of Olof Palme is described in an alternative medium; Fria Tider. The aim of this study is to problematize citizen journalism in Sweden. With the basis of the framing theory and agenda setting, eight texts were chosen from the alternative medium Fria Tider, an online newspaper. The authors conducted a framing analysis to identify which frameworks were most prominent in the way of describing the murder. The result of this study showed that three frames dominated; a conspiracy of several actors, the police's responsibility, and the solution is near. The authors found that Fria Tider produced several individuals and institutions as suspected of the murder of Olof Palme in these frameworks. While these frameworks can be seen as problematic, this study cannot conclude that it is problematic to read opinions other than what traditional media give. Therefore, this study cannot problematize citizen journalism.

This study aims to examine the argumentation regarding freedom of speech and the statement “je suis Charlie” (“I am Charlie”) in eight opinion articles from different Swedish web magazines. Two doctotral dissertations who’s main topics are the freedom of speech and different types of arguments regarding freedom of speach, was used in this study. The study also uses the actual Swedish law surrounding the freedom of speech, as well as the freedom of the press and breaches of these laws. Also mentioned as different types of theories are; utilitarianism and journalism ethics and standards. This is a qualitative study using rhetorical analysis as a main method, but the study also uses some tools from the field of argument analysis, such as theses and main arguments. The results from this study shows, amongst other things, that various arguments can be used when trying to get your view surrounding the freedom of speech across. However there seems to be a clear difference between the writers who argue that the freedom of speech is more important than the right to not having to be discriminated by a statement or an utterance, and the writers who argue that the right to not having to be discriminated by a statement is more important than the right to potentially disciminate someone while uttering something. The writers who share the first view presented here, that the freedom of speech is more important, are also the ones who support the expression ”I am Charlie”, and the writers who don’t think that the freedom of speech is of more importance than the right to not having to be discriminated, does not support the expression ”I am Charlie”. However, while looking at this study, it’s imoportant that the reader bares in mind that the results from it doesn’t say anythning about anything else apart from the articles studied.

The tsunami in Thailand in 2004, 9/11 and hurricane Katrina in New Orleans 2005 are all reminders that no organization is immune to crises, which also means that all organizations should be prepared and know how to handle a crisis if one was to occur.   A case study has been conducted, on a crisis regarding a fire that occurred on the 31st of July 2014 in Västmanland, Sweden. Through Qualitative interviews empirical data was gathered and then analyzed together with our theories and previous research. The purpose of the study is to analyze how the municipalities affected and the County Administrative Board of Sweden handled and communicated with/to the public during the fire that spread in Västmanland 2014.   Our study shows that a risk analysis and analysis of surroundings is crucial in anticipating a crisis event and that it is essential for organizations to undergo training to prepare organization members on how to handle a crisis. Another conclusion is that the need for information is large during a crisis event and grows throughout the entire course of the crisis. The crisis that we studied had a lack of information, but at the same time the public’s need for information is a need that can’t be satisfied during a crisis. And if the organizations concerned do not satisfy the public’s need for information, rumors will start to disseminate to cater to the public’s needs. Rumors have always been a part of crisis communication but has with today’s technologies assumed a digital form which means that they can spread to a wider group of people. The digital and social media constituted of an essential tool for the affected stakeholders crisis communication and the local radio played an important role in managing the crisis.