Sveriges externa och halvexterna handelsområden utgör tillsammans en uthyrningsbar yta på nästan 7 kvadratkilometer, vilket motsvarar cirka 1000 fotbollsplaner. Parkeringsytor och annan infrastruktur är inte inräknad i denna siffra. Dessa handelsområden är av vikt för kommuner genom de arbetstillfällen och skatteintäkter som genereras. Sedan år 2003 har e-handeln haft en årlig tillväxt på mellan 15 och 20%, medan den totala detaljhandeln under samma tid har vuxit med i snitt 2%. Mot bakgrund av e-handelns snabba utveckling menar Svensk Handel att den utgör en tydlig hotbild mot externa handelsområden.  Studien ämnar undersöka hur och i vilken utsträckning svenska kommuner hanterar problematiken kring e-handelns påverkan på externa handelsområden. Mot bakgrund av de stora markytorna som externhandelsområden upptar syftar studien även till att undersöka vilka rumsliga och andra strategier kommuner behöver arbeta med för att bemöta transformationstrycket som e-handeln orsakar i externhandelsområdenas fysiska miljöer. Studien är kvalitativ och görs genom en metodkombination där dokumentstudie, intervju och urbanmorfologisk analys appliceras på fyra undersökningsobjekt: Örebro, Västerås, Linköping och Norrköping. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av kreativ förstörelse, konsumtion, paradigm och urbanmorfologi, fyra perspektiv som syftar till att rama in ämnesområdet.  Samtliga undersökta kommuner uppvisar en förståelse för e-handelns påverkan och hotbild mot externa handelsområden. Ingen av kommunerna har dock någon uttalad beredskap för hur detta ska hanteras. Anledningen till detta är tvåfaldig: kommunerna anser att det inte går att ha en beredskap mot bakgrund av handelns snabba utveckling. Därutöver anses problematiken vara en mer angelägen fråga för externhandelsområdenas privata fastighetsägare. Det framträder även ett fokusskifte hos kommunerna; från planläggning av externhandelsområden till en vilja om att ha god planberedskap för logistikanläggningar, däribland för e-handelslokaler. I kommunernas policydokument synliggörs en vilja att hävda sig som regionala handelscentrum, även om ingen av kommunerna har för avsikt att planlägga nya externhandelsområden. Istället öppnar kommunerna upp för möjligheten att områdena i framtiden ska kunna omvandlas mot bostadsändamål. Mot bakgrund av ovanstående fynd samt de urbanmorfologiska analysernas synliggörande, att kommunernas externhandelsområden har skilda förutsättningar att integreras i den större staden, tas följande strategier fram för hur kommunerna kan möta e-handelns transformationstryck mot externa handelsområden:  • En mer platsspecifik syn på externhandelsområdens möjligheter  • Upprätta en logistikpolicy  • Utvärdera möjligheterna att inkorporera logistikytor i externhandelsområden  • Fortsätt satsa på ett mer blandat innehåll i externhandelsområden / <p>Presentation och opponering skedde digitalt via Zoom.</p>

This paper concerns a local political debate about the financing of culture in the mid-sized city Norrköping in Sweden. The purpose of this study is to find what type of content the local newspaper and a Facebook group produce, how the debate is portrayed and how the different media types can contribute to democracy. The material contains 15 articles from the newspaper and 25 posts from the Facebook group. A qualitative content analysis has been applied as the method. Furthermore a framing analysis has been used to find answers about how the debate is portrayed in the media. Results show, among other things, that the newspaper first and foremost portrays the debate as a conflict and that the Facebook group is much more focused on human interest. Furthermore the study shows that both mediatypes should be able to generate democratic functions for the local population. The newspaper more so for its correct informational content and Facebook for its ability to bring people together and create civil political engagement.

Denna uppsats utforskar effektiviteten av klimatanpassningsåtgärder i Norrköpings kommun, med särskilt fokus på hanteringen av ökad klimatpåverkan. Genom en detaljerad genomgång av klimatförändringarnas påverkan på den urbana infrastrukturen identifierar studien centrala utmaningar och strategiska val som har implementerats mellan åren 2010 och 2024. Med användning av tematisk analys som både metod och teoretiskt ramverk, analyseras data insamlat från djupgående intervjuer och omfattande dokumentstudier för att ge en systematisk överblick av de anpassningsstrategier som tillämpats. Resultatet i denna uppsats utforska och analysera de utmaningar som svenska kommuner står inför i sin strävan att anpassa sig till det ökande behovet av klimatanpassningsåtgärder. Resultaten diskuteras i ljuset av tidigare forskning om institutionell kapacitet, styrningsmekanismer och samverkan mellan olika sektorer. Denna forskning bidrar till en djupare förståelse för de politiska, tekniska och administrativa aspekterna av klimatanpassning. / This thesis explores the effectiveness of climate adaptation measures in Norrköping Municipality, with a particular focus on managing increased precipitation levels and stormwater. Through a detailed examination of the impact of climate change on urban infrastructure, the study identifies key challenges and strategic choices implemented between the years 2010 and 2024. Using thematic analysis as a method and theoretical framework, data collected from in-depth interviews and extensive document studies are analyzed to provide a systematic overview of the adaptation strategies employed. The study's findings reveal a range of adaptive measures that have been utilized to mitigate the effects of climate change. The results are discussed in light of previous research on institutional capacity, governance mechanisms, and collaboration between different sectors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the political, technical, and administrative aspects of climate adaptation.

This thesis studies how scientists and science were put to use in the passing of the 1962 Water Fluoridation Act. The law was created for a specific purpose: that of facilitating the continuation of the water fluoridation trials that had been under way in Norrköping until January 1962, when they were forced to cease, having been deemed illegal by the Supreme Administrative Court.  By studying the network of scientists who were either directly involved in or explicitly supportive of the Norrköping trials, and their actions as members of the two expert committees formed in the 1950’s by the Royal Board of Medicine, and which would come to greatly influence the legislative process, the thesis examines how personal and research interests transferred from Norrköping into the issue of nationwide fluoridation.  Using analytical tools gathered from Roger Pielke Jr. and Daniel Sarewitz, the thesis utilizes the concept of uncertainty to describe how scientists, in the political process, assumed different roles in order to further the cause of fluoridation on the one hand, but also to maintain an ideal image of the relationship between science and politics. Furthermore, the tension within the concept of scientization is examined, illuminating how the political end result - the law - is made possible by means of a balancing act between science’s claims to objective truth and the value-driven, often ethically charged discourse of politics.   Fianlly, the case of fluoridation is placed in the context of the welfare state and the public health project, where it emerges as a part of a broader political and societal renegotiation of the relationship between the individual and the state, which I argue was taking place in Sweden during ”the long fifties”. / Uppsatsen studerar hur forskare och vetenskap kom till användning i skapandet av 1962 års Lag om tillsättande av fluor till vattenledningsvatten. Lagen kom till med ett specifikt syfte, nämligen att möjliggöra för en fortsättning av de försök med fluoridering av dricksvatten som hade pågått i Norrköping fram till januari 1962, då de tvingats att upphöra efter att ha bedömts som olagliga av Regeringsrätten.  Genom att studera det nätverk av forskare som knöts till Norrköpingsförsöken, antingen som direkt involverade eller som förespråkare, och hur dessa agerade som medlemmar av de två expertkommittéer som tillsattes av Medicinalstyrelsen för att utreda frågan om fluoranvändning i kariesförebyggande syfte, vilka kom att utöva ett betydande inflytande på lagstiftningsprocessen, undersöker uppsatsen hur forsknings- och personliga intressen överfördes från Norrköping till frågan om rikstäckande vattenfluoridering.  Med hjälp av analytiska verktyg hämtade från Roger Pielke Jr. och Daniel Sarewitz, tar uppsatsen fasta på begreppet osäkerhet för att beskriva hur forskarna i den politiska processen antog olika roller, i syfte att dels främja fluorideringen som sådan, men också att upprätthålla rådande ideal om relationen mellan vetenskap och politik. Vidare undersöks spänningen i den process som Roger Pielke kallar scientization, och hur det politiska slutresultatet - lagen - blev verklighet till följd av en balansgång mellan vetenskapens anspråk på objektiv sanning och politikens värderingsdrivna och ofta etiskt färgade diskurs.  Slutligen placeras fallet med vattenfluorideringen i välfärdsstatens och folkhälsoprojektets kontext, där det framträder som en del av en bredare politisk och samhällelig omförhandling av relationen mellan individ och samhälle, som jag menar ägde rum i Sverige under ”det långa femtiotalet”.

This thesis examines first-line managers' perceptions about their organizational prerequisites for trust-based governance and management through a case study within the municipality of Norrköping, focusing on the public home care organization. A qualitative research design was used in the thesis based on first-line managers perceptions of the organizational prerequisites for an ideal trust-based governance and management. The material has been analyzed through an ideal-type analysis based on central elements within the governing principles of market, bureaucracy, and trust. An overall picture gives the impression that the organizational prerequisites primarily is perceived as being well-functioning for the ideal of trust-based governance and management. It is also considered that certain organizational prerequisites are less well-functioning for the ideal. Furthermore, the thesis indicates certain organizational prerequisites which are seen as central to the ideal. This thesis provides some empirical evidence that a balance between the governing principles of market, bureaucracy, and trust is perceived as essential to achieve the ideal of trust-based governance and management in the given context. At the same time, the thesis indicates that a greater emphasis on trust as a governing principle is perceived as desirable to achieve the optimal balance for the ideal in the given context. In addition, the study depicts that there is some path dependence that affects the view of the organizational prerequisites for an ideal trust-based governance and management in the managerial role. This means that a legacy of market-inspired and bureaucratic instruments is perceived to prevent the trust-based management philosophy from having a greater impact on the organization.

När personer och grupper med olika bakgrund och erfarenheter möts för att sam-arbeta förutsätts ofta att samsyn kring målen med verksamheten är en förutsätt-ning för koordinerad handling. Forskningen har dock inte kunnat visa empiriskt i vilken utsträckning samsyn är viktigt för att åstadkomma samhandling. I förelig-gande avhandling presenteras en studie som undersöker hur gemensam mening formas i sammanhang präglade av heterogenitet respektive mångtydighet samt hur koordinerad handling uppstår under sådana förutsättningar. Som empirisk grund för att kunna besvara frågeställningarna studeras FöretagsNära med stöd i me-ningsskapandeperspektiv. FöretagsNära är en ny verksamhet organiserad som ett projekt i samverkan mellan Norrköpings kommun och Arbetsförmedlingen i Norr-köping. Syftet med satsningen är att föra samman näringslivsutvecklande och ar-betsmarknadsinriktade insatser och bidra till fler arbetstillfällen i Norrköping. Ba-serat på en longitudinell fältstudie berättas om meningsskiljaktigheter och strävan efter samsyn. Den longitudinella ansatsen gör det möjligt att se utvecklingen av och komplexiteten i formandet av samsyn och samhandling. Skildringen av Före-tagsNära visar att meningsskapandet i processen tar sig olika uttryck. I fråga om syftet med FöretagsNära uppstår en kamp om meningen. Studien visar hur samsyn och samhandling relaterar till varandra på mer komplexa sätt än tidigare forskning föreslagit. Det finns ingen entydig relation mellan gemensam mening och koordi-nerad handling. Studiens resultat har både teoretisk relevans och stor praktisk be-tydelse. / When people and groups with different backgrounds and experience are brought together to cooperate, a prerequisite for coordinated action is often a shared per-spective, i.e. that they have a mutual understanding with regard to the aims of their work. However, previous research has not been able to conclude empirically whether a shared perspective is essential for bringing about joint action or not. This dissertation is the result of a study inquiring into the connection between co-incident meaning and coordinated action in situations characterised by heteroge-neity and equivocality. How does coordinated action originate in such circum-stances? The empirical case of the study is “FöretagsNära” (“Close to Companies” in English), a collaboration project between the municipality of Norrköping and the local branch of the state employment agency. The purpose of the venture is to coordinate the efforts of measures aimed at trade and industry development with labour market measures, in order to contribute to a decrease of the unemployment rate in the city of Norrköping. Based on a longitudinal field study, a narrative of clashing meanings, and a striving for mutual perspectives unfolds. The longitudi-nal approach supports an understanding of how joint action unfolds and the com-plexity involved in developing a shared perspective. The description of Företags-Nära shows that the creation of meaning in the process takes on different expressions, and a battle of meaning arises about the matter of the purpose of FöretagsNära. The connection between a shared perspective and joint action is more complex than previous research has suggested. There is no unequivocal connection between coincident meaning and coordinated action. The results of the thesis are of both theoretical relevance and practical importance.

In this dissertation, the lives of five young people living in Norrköping follows for five years (1998 – 2002) through fieldwork involving observations and recurring interviews. The objective of the study is to describe and analyse the development into adulthood and the creation of a (cultural) identity among a group of young people in a town, which used to be heavily working class. The objective is also to relate this to gender and class, institutional practices, the cultural legacy and changes in society. Primarily qualitative sociological research methods have been applied in the study. Ideas about social interaction and social processes derived from symbolic interactionism constitute one of the scientific foundations of the study. The study deals with the three key transitions; education, work and personal life. These transitions, which are essential to attaining adulthood, are emphasised and problematised in the study. In this study we can see that the process of individualisation in modern society has, in the context of the development of young people into adulthood, taken the form of a stream of messages to which they relate and in which society has, via institutional practices and rhetoric, played an active role. Factors such as gender, class and culture have constituted the conditions for the individualisation process. The mixed messages received by these young people have been representative of the discrepancy between general career possibilities and the actual opportunities which the youths in the study have encountered. These mixed messages have been mediated, as biographical schemes, at home (by parents), at school, in the context of institutional practices and, not least, via local politics, local media and in literature about the town. In its conclusion, this study points out that political and public discourse in Norrköping constitutes a bearer and “preserver” of a patriarchal tradition which contributes to preserving the negative image of the working-class town of Norrköping.

<h2><em>Sammanfattning</em></h2><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att, genom att kombinera kunskaperna inom interaktionsdesign med kunskaperna inom visuell kommunikation, ta fram en designlösning åt Norrköpings Visualiseringscenter C som presenterar innehållet i deras utställning “Att visa det man inte kan se“ på deras hemsida.</p><p>För att nå detta syfte har utvalda teorier och metoder använts och i uppsatsen beskrivs designprocessen steg för steg - hela vägen från uppdragsbeskrivning, genom teorier och metoder till den färdiga designlösningen.</p><p>Teorierna i denna uppsats handlar om interaktionsdesign, gränssnittsdesign, användbarhet, visuell kommunikation och teknik. Metoderna för att få reda på användarnas åsikter behandlar användartester, Card sorting, LoFi- och HiFi-prototyper.</p><p>Resultatet av rapporten beskriver hur Adobe Flash kan användas för att skapa en interaktiv design för en webbsideapplikation med kontroll över interaktion, visuell kommunikation och användbarhet.</p><p>Resultatet visar också hur användarnas återkoppling under användartesten påverkade slutresultatet. Resultatet visar även att en designprocess är olik från gång till gång men att det finns vissa riktlinjer som kan hjälpa en designer genom processen på ett kontrollerat sätt.</p> / <h2><em>Abstract</em></h2><p>The goal of this thesis is to combine knowledge from interaction design with knowledge from visual communication in order to create a design solution for Norrköping Visualization Center C and their exhibition “To show what can’t be seen“ for their website.</p><p>To reach this goal, theories and methods have been used and in this thesis the design process is described - step by step - all the way from the clients brief to the final design solution.</p><p>The theories in this thesis are concerned with interaction design, interface design, usability, visual communication and technology. The methods employed are usability tests, card sorting, and LoFi- and HiFi-prototypes.</p><p>This thesis report describes how Adobe Flash can be used to create an interactive design for a website application that establishes control over the interaction, visual communication and usability. It also shows how the users feedback on the user tests affected the end result.</p><p>This thesis also shows that a design process can vary from time to time but there are some guidelines that can help a designer through the process in a controlled way.</p>

This study deals with the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on the living conditions of aged men and women. By studying labour force participation, savings and pensions, the role of the family, and the extent of dependency of aged men and women from a gender and class perspective, continuities and changes between pre-industrial and industrial times are examined. The main focus is placed on the situation of elderly persons living in the town of Sundsvall between 1830 and 1930. This town became the commercial centre of one of the largest saw-mill districts in the world at the end of the nineteenth century. The residence patterns of old men and women in Sundsvall are also compared with those in two other Swedish industrialised urban areas; the capital Stockholm and the textile centre Norrköping. According to modernisation theorists, industrialisation and urbanisation led to an increase in dependency in old age, due to weakening family ties and unemployment. This study shows the complexity of the issue. It is true that some sources reveal a declining proportion of men participating in the labour force at the very end of the period of observation, but this was primarily due to the introduction of the national pension system in 1914. On the other hand, other records show a stability or even an increasing proportion of elderly men and women in the labour market. By contrast with previous studies of the residence patterns of aged persons, this dissertation shows a very high percentage of elderly women living alone in all three urban areas selected for study. However, this was not solely a sign of isolation, since the vast majority of those elderly living in households of their own had children residing in the vicinity. Furthermore, many old men and women shared households with their children, although this pattern was less common among the working class. The role of off-spring appears to have been important both in pre-industrial and industrial times. The residence patterns of the urban elderly were probably influenced by traditional rural living arrangements, to the extent that old couples and their married children often lived close to each other but usually maintained households of their own. Old parents and their adult children might have preferred to live in separate households instead of crowding in with each other. The unmarried elderly were probably most affected by the transformations taking place at the end of the nineteenth century. A considerable number of them migrated late in life, leaving all their relatives behind. Therefore, they became highly vulnerable. Unmarried men tended to be more exposed to the dangers of urban life. They probably experienced tougher working conditions, had weaker social networks, and could not manage on their own to the same extent as women. Therefore, a larger propor-tion of men than women ended up in the workhouse. / digitalisering@umu

How can you do a right measurement of culture as well as with other social sectors and with what can culture contribute when it comes to a town´s development? We found out that in Linköping the regional federation Ostsam recently (2005) started mapping the region's creative centers in order to look into the spreading of the culture in the county, and then use the uniqueness of the culture as an advantage in society- planning contexts. The reason was that both municipal - and State directions detected that the culture has a broader importance when it comes to building up society and infrastructure than earlier considered. This is called Cultural planning and is the foundation- method that Östsam used when working with their new projekt The creative sector. The outcome of the Östsam study resulted in an exciting study basis to work further on with and to examine through own demarcations and directions. This research manages the matter of the creative sector as an extension to the cultural sector. Our aim with this report is to find out the concept of the creative sector, what it stands for, and also to look into how the creative sector runs in practice.