Abstrakt Titel: Glasbubblan - En studie om kvinnliga ledare och deras avancemang i den svenska musikbranschen Författare: Lisa Andersson, Alexandra Björn och Jennifer Stensson Institution: Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan Program: Music & Event Management Kurs: Företagsekonomi III - Organisation, Examensarbete (kandidat) Handledare: Mathias Karlsson Examinator: Hans Wessblad Problemformulering: Vilka hinder upplever kvinnor på sin väg till de ledande positionerna inom den svenska musikbranschen? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att göra en kartläggning av vilka hinder kvinnliga ledare upplevt på sin väg uppåt i musikbranschen. Metod och teoretisk referensram: Rapporten består av en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats. Vi har samlat in empiri genom nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor på ledande positioner verksamma inom musikbranschen. Den teoretiska referensram vi använt oss av innefattar glastakets möjlighetsstruktur, maktstruktur samt könsstruktur. Slutdiskussion: I slutdiskussionen presenterar vi de hinder vi lyckats kartlägga att kvinnor upplever, samt hinder de utsatts för rent omedvetet. Vi presenterar också vårt bidrag till den redan befintliga forskningen i form av en ny glasmetafor; glasbubblan. / Abstract Title: The glass bubble - A study about female leaders and their advancement in the Swedish music business. Authors: Lisa Andersson, Alexandra Björn and Jennifer Stensson Institution: Linnaeus University, School of Business and Economics Program: Music & Event Management Course: Business Administration III - Organization, Bachelor Thesis Supervisor: Mathias Karlsson Examiner: Hans Wessblad Problem statement: What obstacles do women experience on their way to the leading positions in the Swedish music industry? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to map out the obstacles that female leaders experienced on their way up in the Swedish music business. Method and theoretical reference framework: This thesis consists of a qualitative research with a deductive approach. We have collected empirical data that consists of nine semi structured interviews with female leaders in the music business. The theoretical referensframe we have used contains the glass ceilings structures of possibilities, power and gender. Discussion: In the discussion, we present the obstacles that we have mapped out from the womens experience. But we also present the obstacles that women have been exposed to unconsciously. We also present our contribution to the already existing research in the shape of a new glass metaphor; the glass bubble.

In the western world intensive care is highly specialised with technical and medical resources as well as educated personnel. In many developing countries however there is a lack of these resources in comparison with western standards. The purpose of this qualitative study was to illuminate the nurses and their work in the care of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Data was collected during two weeks through participant observations and informal conversations with the nurses employed at three different intensive care units, one medical intensive care unit and two surgical intensive care units. Two main themes and six headlines were identified and are presented in the results, these were: human resources, medical technical resources, material resources, medical resource, possibilities, challenges and obstacles for the nurses working at the ICU. This study showed that there was an obvious lack of the resources mentioned above and that there was a great need of further education for the nurses working in the ICU to strengthen their knowledge, role and profession. / I västvärlden är intensivvården högspecialiserad med tekniska och medicinska resurser så väl som utbildad personal. I många utvecklingsländer råder det dock en brist på resurser i förhållande till den västerländska standarden. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att belysa sjuksköterskorna och deras arbete att ta hand om kritiskt sjuka patienter på intensivvården på Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, i Moshi, Tanzania. Datainsamlingen ägde rum under två veckor genom deltagande observationer samt genom informella konversationer med sjuksköterskorna som var anställda på sjukhusets tre olika intensivvårdsavdelningar. Två huvudteman och sex rubriker kom fram och presenteras i resultatet, dessa var: mänskliga resurser, medicinsk- tekniska resurser, materiella resurser, medicinska resurser, möjligheter, svårigheter och hinder för sjuksköterskorna på intensivvårdsavdelningarna. Denna studie visar på en faktisk brist på ovan nämnda resurser samt att det fanns ett stort behov av vidare utbildning för sjuksköterskorna som arbetade inom intensivvården för att öka deras kunskap och stärka deras roll och profession.

Le transfert des connaissances scientifiques de l’université vers l’industrie favorise la croissance économique et l’innovation. L’un des mécanismes qui permet d’assurer ce transfert est l’entreprise spin-off. La création de cette entreprise, issue du monde universitaire,implique un processus initié par le chercheur universitaire et suppose l’intervention de plusieurs acteurs. Ce processus est jugé long, incertain et peu contrôlable. Notre recherche consiste à appréhender ce phénomène en étudiant des éléments internes et externes qui limitent ou bloquent l’émergence de ce type d’entreprises innovantes.Notre étude porte sur le contexte Tunisien, dans lequel la création de la spin-offuniversitaire reste un phénomène très rare et peu développé. Nous avons montré à travers uneétude empirique organisée en deux temps (une étude exploratoire synchronique et une étudelongitudinale) que ce processus est marqué par un ensemble de barrières qui retardent ouempêchent la création de la spin-off. Une échelle de classification des différentes barrières aété proposée afin d’éclaircir et préciser la nature spécifique et l’impact de chaque barrière surle déroulement du processus de création. Ces barrières peuvent être reliées aux ressources, àl’écosystème entrepreneurial, à la culture universitaire et à la réglementation légale. Nousavons proposé à la lumière de nos résultats, présentés dans une logique processuelle, desrecommandations sous forme de politiques et pratiques qui auront pour rôle de promouvoirl’activité de création des spin-offs universitaires. Ces recommandations peuvent être utilespour les chercheurs porteurs de projets, les décideurs politiques et les responsablesuniversitaires. / The transfer of scientific knowledge from the University to the industry encourageseconomic growth and innovation. One of the mechanisms allowing this transfer is the spin-offcompany. The creation of the latter from academia world involves a process initiated by theacademic researcher and expects the intervention of many actors. This process is consideredto belong, uncertain and less controllable. This research aims to understand this phenomenonthrough studying internal and external elements which limit or block the emergence of suchtypes of innovative companies.This study focuses on the Tunisian context, in which the creation of the university spinoffremains an uncommon and a poorly developed phenomenon. It was conducted through anempirical study organized in two steps (a synchronic exploratory study and a longitudinalstudy) that entrepreneur-researcher is encountered by a set of obstacles that delay or preventthe creation of the spin-off. Therefore, a classification scale of these obstacles is proposed inthis piece of research in order to clarify and specify the nature and the impact of each one onthe creation process. As a matter of fact, they can be related to the resources, entrepreneurialecosystem, University culture and legal regulation. In the light of these results, presented in aprocessual logic, recommendations were proposed in the form of policies and practices whoserole is to promote the creation activity of academic spin-offs. These recommendations can beuseful for entrepreneur-researchers, policy makers and academic leaders

The first chapter talks about the events that took place in the French Western Africa in the second half of the 20th century. The second chapter describes all the economics at the beginning of the 21st century. Economics are described with the basic indicators and economic activities. The third chapter is about the obstacles to the economic development and the purpose of the last chapter is to show the progress achieved in case of the obstacles.

A close look at the first literary works in European countries reveals that love stories and the theme of romance took prominence among the authors of the time. French authors are a good example of writers of these love stories. An in-depth study shows that different and/or supporting themes or series of events accompany the main love story in these stories. This trend is supported by Cuddon (1977:758) by emphasizing that in these early writings it was the trend to combine an adventure story aspect with the love story. Lewis (1960:23) supports Cuddon’s view in stating that Chréstien de Troyes was the first writer in France to apply love as a main theme for a love story. Funk and Wagnalls’s New Encyclopedia (1876:344) bears out Cuddon’s idea of combining various series of events (love and moral) in the same writing and explains that a love story should enhance two views of what the writing is about, in this case (a) the love aspect and (b) the moral aspect. The trend of combining themes, where one theme supplements the main theme in the same writing, also exists in Sepedi literature. Examples are Noto-ya-Masogana (Tsebe,1954) and Morweši (Motuku,1969). It will, be important and necessary to explain the love story and the moral story first. Cuddon states that the idea of having a variety of series of events supporting the main theme of the narrative is visible where a love story is a two-in-one narrative, relating love and moral, such as in Sir Gawain and Green Knight (14th C.). This demonstrates the importance of a love story. This fact led Yelland et al (1984:161) to state, in support of the important role of character, that love and moral are evidence of chivalry, such as that found in Morte D’Arthur (Malory,1470). Character or chivalry depicts the impeccable manners of the main characters of the love story. This combination of love and moral can also be seen in Sepedi writing, such as Noto-ya-Masogana (Tsebe,1954), Morweši (Motuku,1969), Tshehlana ya ka (Bosoma,1990) and Sesasedi sa katlego (Kekana,1990). Before proceeding with a discussion on this type of love and moral story, it is important to explain the other types of stories as well. Research by Phala (1999:18) and Abrams (1998:98) describes the idea of character and conduct as what one finds, learns or acquires at home, from the community, society or wherever one finds one’s self. The education acquired in this way gives birth to the basis of character, conduct and behaviour, be it good or bad. This should not be confused with formal school learning, but upbringing which is reinforced by cultural practices, religion and socialization, for example. This influences the complete person, including the soul. A person influenced in this manner becomes complete and can distinguish between good and bad, acceptable and unacceptable, as well as proper and improper, according to place and time. Marggraff (1994:14) stresses this distinction between the two opposing views of good and bad; desirable or acceptable on the one side and undesirable or unacceptable on the other. Groenewald (1994:20) also supports this view of right and wrong, stating that it gives us the understanding that bad, evil and wrong deeds or behaviour displeases the ancestors and can lead to punishment and misfortune for the character concerned. This encourages people to strive towards good deeds. It can, therefore, be concluded that humanity was meant to be and do good. Good deeds, behaviour and conduct are important and should be the goal, as depicted by the main character in the love story. The main character who does wrong things and changes his behaviour to good, is rewarded for being good with happiness, love, success and prosperity in his relationship with his partner. Viewed in this light, the importance of further examining and analyzing the love and moral story will be emphasized. In this type of story, where the main character does wrong things with which the reader does not approve or align himself, the reader’s curiosity will be aroused to read further in order to know what will happen to the main character at the end. Since there is always the anticipated element of punishment and reward for the main character present at the end of these types of love and moral stories, it serves as an attraction and magnet that hold the reader’s interest until the end. It also adds a moral value for the reader. Sepedi authors who write love stories are also on this bandwagon of combining love and moral themes in the same story, such as in Noto-ya-Masogana (Tsebe,1954) and Morweši (Motuku,1969). In order to establish the importance of combining love and moral or behaviour in the same love story, the following have been examined and researched in full: Tsebe’s Noto-ya-Masogana (1954) and Motuku’s Morweši (1969). This will be preceded by taking heed of the research and study results of these works already done by other critics. / Dissertation (MA (African Languages))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / African Languages / unrestricted

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-01-24T20:46:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Michelotti Schroeder.pdf: 1352304 bytes, checksum: 8c5cf388d90504afcd0e1f054083d0a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T20:46:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriano Michelotti Schroeder.pdf: 1352304 bytes, checksum: 8c5cf388d90504afcd0e1f054083d0a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Electrical and Electronic Equipment have become present in the daily life of people and enterprises. Due to technologies breakthrough that make easier the interconnection of those equipment, regardless of distance, manufacturers, types of models and used operational systems, those equipments have become even more essential, such of being the main factor of changing routines and enterprises processes, extending to the people. Nevertheless, the process of teaching and learning in basic schools and universities has also started to use informatics as a powerful tool, which students can visualize relevant aspects of the subjects through software applications, simulators, immersed in virtual environments, but, very close of reality. However, as those environments require hardware and software compatible with actual informatics scene, the problem of fast obsolescence tends to be more evident, as these new virtual environments require greater computing resources. Those frequent updates of those equipments contribute to make educational institutions to be a potential generator of Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipments, a kind of waste that demands specifics procedures to correct disposal, to prevent environment and people harm. Therefore, it is natural to set up some obstacles to make the process of correct disposal more difficult, which define the focus of this work, followed by main objective to identify all of those barriers. As benefits, all results of this work will be available to guide future studies to reach out some new appropriate ways to managing and disposal of those kind of wastes, considering minimum financial, social and environmental impacts for educational institutions in São Paulo city. / Os produtos eletroeletrônicos tornaram-se muito presentes no cotidiano das pessoas e das empresas. Com o avanço das tecnologias que possibilitam cada vez mais facilidades de interconexão, independentes da distância, dos fabricantes, dos tipos de modelos e da plataforma operacional em que operam, seu uso tornou-se ainda mais indispensável, a ponto de representarem o principal fator de modificação em rotinas e processos das empresas e até mesmo das pessoas. Não obstante, o processo de ensino e aprendizagem das escolas e universidades também passou a utilizar a informática como uma poderosa ferramenta, à qual os alunos visualizam aspectos relevantes das disciplinas por meio de softwares de aplicativos e simuladores, imersos em ambientes virtuais, mas muito próximo da realidade. Entretanto, como estes ambientes necessitam de equipamentos de hardware e software que acompanhem a questão tecnológica atual, o problema da rápida obsolescência passa a ser evidente, à medida que esses novos ambientes virtuais passam a exigir maiores recursos computacionais. As frequentes atualizações desses equipamentos fazem com que as instituições de ensino sejam potenciais geradoras de Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos, uma categoria de lixo que demanda procedimentos específicos para que sua destinação final não cause danos ambientais e às pessoas. Assim, é natural que se configurem obstáculos que dificultem o descarte correto deste tipo de resíduo, fato que concentra todos os esforços deste trabalho, tendo como objetivo principal, a identificação dessas barreiras e seus impactos sobre a logística reversa desses materiais. Como benefícios, os resultados deste estudo servirão de norte a estudos futuros, vislumbrando formas mais adequadas de gestão e descarte desses resíduos, com o mínimo de impactos financeiros, sociais e ambientais para as instituições de ensino da cidade de São Paulo.

Dans ce mémoire, nous avons étudié la féminisation de neuf noms de métiers dans un corpus délimité du Monde en France et du Devoir au Québec pour les trois périodes de 2001, 2010, et 2019, et les facteurs qui la conditionnent. Nous avons examiné les approches différentes dans les deux entités francophones, et ce que dit la grammaire française sur le genre grammatical et la forme féminine. Notre but a été de déterminer les obstacles au développement de la forme féminine, et, en suivant la méthode de la linguiste Itsuko Fujimura, d’essayer de comprendre les facteurs linguistiques qui jouent un rôle dans le progrès parfois lent de cette féminisation.

Previous research shows that people with disabilities have less opportunities to participate and exercise in physical activities than the rest of the population. The purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate experiences of opportunities for exercising physical activities within sports associations, among members in sport clubs that are aimed towards people with disabilities. The purpose has also been to investigate how these members perceive the importance of the physical activities in the sports association. In this study, a qualitative approach has been selected and it has been done semi-structured interviews with eight members from two different sport clubs in Southern Sweden. The analysis has been done using content analysis. The analysis of the results showed that there are various factors that affect the members' ability to exercise physical activities in sports clubs. In the analysis, it emerged that these factors could both facilitate or complicate the opportunities for participation. For this reason, the majority of interviewees appreciated their opportunities as both good and bad. Finally, the analysis of the results showed that all interviewees felt that participation in the physical activities had positive effects on their physical and mental health, but also that it increased their social network.

Bakgrund: I slutet på 2019 befann sig 79,5 miljoner människor på flykt i världen, hälften av dem är kvinnor och flickor. Nyanlända kvinnor söker vård i lägre utsträckning än män i liknande situation och även i lägre utsträckning än inrikes födda kvinnor. Det behövs mer kunskap kring nyanlända kvinnors upplevelse av att söka hälso- och sjukvård. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva nyanlända kvinnors upplevelse av att söka hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med tio kvalitativa studier. Data analyserades och kategoriserades genom en innehållsanalys där meningsbärande enheter lyftes ut, kondenserades och kodades till teman och subteman i enlighet med Polit och Becks niostegsmodell. Resultat: Två huvudteman och fyra subteman identifierades. De två huvudteman var tillgänglighet och bemötande. Resultatet visar att nyanlända kvinnor upplever varierande och ibland likartade hinder för att få tillgång till adekvat vård. Slutsats: Att söka hälso- och sjukvård som nyanländ kvinna kan leda till lidande då vården inte upplevs individanpassad vilket medför en negativ upplevelse där individens behov inte tillgodoses. Genom att sjuksköterskan ger personcentrerad vård utifrån den unika individen kan dennes behov tillgodoses i högre grad. Med intersektionalitet som utgångspunkt ökar också medvetenhet och kompetens kring strukturella faktorer och maktordningars påverkan på individen. Förslag på fortsatt forskning: Resultat indicerar att kvinnliga nyanlända upplever hinder för vårdsökande vilket leder till att författarna till föreliggande studie ser att det finns behov av vidare forskning utifrån individens perspektiv med frågan om vad som skulle underlätta vårdsökande för den enskilda individen. / Background: It is estimated that by the end of 2019, 79.5 million people were forcibly displaced in the world, approximately half of them are women and girls. Newly arrived women are less likely to seek healthcare compared to men in the same situation and non- immigrant women. There’s a need for more knowledge about newly arrived women’s experiences of healthcare seeking. Aim: The aim was to describe newly arrived women's experiences of healthcare seeking. Method: A general literature review was conducted with ten scientific articles with qualitative data. Data was analyzed and categorized through a content analysis where meaningful units were highlighted, condensed and coded into themes and subthemes in accordance with Polit and Beck ́s nine-step model. Results: Two main themes and four sub themes were identified. The two main themes were accessibility andtreatment. Results show that newly arrived women experience varying and sometimes similar obstacles to accessing adequate care. Conclusion: When newly arrived women seek care and the care isn’t individualized and the needs of the individual isn’t met it can lead to a negative experience and suffering. The need of the unique individual can be met to a greater extent when nurses providing person-centered care. With intersectionality as a point of view we can increase awareness and competence about how structural factors and system of power affect the individual. Proposals for further research: Results indicate that newly arrived women experience obstacles for healthcare seeking which indicate the need for further research from the individual’s perspective with the question of what would facilitate care seeking for the individual.

Revisionsbranschen är en mansdominerad bransch som är känd för att ha lägst andel kvinnor bland dem ledande positionerna. Kvinnor har stött på olika hinder och haft svårare att nå högre positioner än män, men på senare år har branschen blivit mer jämställd. Studier har visat att könsfördelningen inom delägarkretsen har förändrats till det bättre. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka kvinnliga delägares uppfattningar av faktorer som påverkat kvinnors möjligheter att bli delägare i medelstora och stora revisionsbyråer samt om de uppfattar att dessa faktorer fortfarande finns.   Studiens teoretiska referensram fokuserar på revisionsbranschen och strukturella teorier. I studien har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt använts för att få en djupgående förståelse om hur kvinnliga delägare upplever att olika faktorer har påverkat dem att bli delägare samt om de upplever att en förändring har skett i branschen. Vi har genomfört sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga delägare från fyra olika bolag.   Resultatet av empirin visar att de kvinnliga delägarna inte upplevt hinder för att nå delägarskap. Det enda hindret som påverkar möjligheterna för att bli delägare är varje individs egna egenskaper, ambitioner och mål. Föräldraskap ses inte som ett hinder av delägarna, däremot upplever de att kombinationen av familj och karriär kan upplevas vara svår. Delägarna upplever att det har skett en förändring bland könsfördelningen i delägarkretsen och att branschen är under utveckling. Med den här studien vill vi bidra till en ökad förståelse kring vilka hinder som påverkar kvinnors avancemang inom revisionsbranschen. / The auditing industry is a male dominated industry that is known for having the lowest proportion of women among the leading positions. Women have encountered various obstacles and found it more difficult to reach higher positions than men, but in recent years the industry has become more equal. Studies have shown that the gender distribution within the circle of partners has changed. The purpose of this study is to investigate female partners’ perceptions of factors that have affected women’s opportunities to become partners in medium-sized and large auditing firms and whether they perceive that these factors still exist.  The study's theoretical framework focuses on the auditing industry and structural theories. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of how female partners feel that various factors have influenced them to become partners and whether they feel that a change has taken place in the industry. We conducted six semi-structured interviews with female partners from four firms.  The results show that the female partners don’t experience obstacles to achieve partnership. The only obstacle is each individual's own characteristics, ambitions and goals. Parenting is not seen as an obstacle by the partners. However, they experience that the combination of family and career can be difficult. The partners feel that there has been a change in the gender distribution in the co-owner and that the industry is still changing. With this study, we want to contribute to an increased understanding of the obstacles that affect women's advancement in the auditing industry.