This diploma thesis presents the application of theoretical concepts of agenda- setting, media framing, public opinion, spiral of silence, social change communication and social marketing, including the specifics of public interest campaigns, on the example of research project "Changing the paradigm: Smoking in restaurants bothers people" which was conducted by the Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University and research agency Ipsos, and following media campaign against smoking in restaurants. The concept of public opinion is introduced together with the theory of the spiral of silence. In addition, the thesis deals with the issue of influencing public opinion through the media, where theories of agenda setting and media framing are illustrated on examples connected to smoking ban in restaurants. Selected theoretical concepts are shown in a reflection of new media influence. Communication of social change is introduced together with social marketing theory and aspects of health communication. The specific process of social change is introduced from the perspective of issues management. There are two case studies describing the specific phases of the research project with the media campaign in the context of the presented theory. The importance and impact of the project on the public, media and...

Denna kvantitativa surveyundersökning ämnar studera chefers och medarbetares vilja att arbetadigitalt på distans. Är någon av grupperna särskilt drivande till digitalt distansarbete och vadinnebär det för framtiden efter att covid-19-pandemin är över? Vilja operationaliseras genomWicks (2002) samt Shareena och Shahid (2020) och består av prognostiserad prestation,självrapporterade personlighetsdrag samt hemmets förenlighet med distansarbete. Utifråndessa studier skapades ett teoretiskt ramverk vilket mynnade ut i tolv hypoteser. Via enwebbenkät samlades 323 st. respondentsvar in, varav 295 st. användes i dataanalysen sombestod av oberoende t-test (hypotesprövning), envägs-ANOVA (variansanalys) samt multipellinjär regressionsanalys. De övergripande resultaten från studien kan sammanfattas på följandesätt: En person med hög vilja att arbeta digitalt på distans är generellt en medarbetare, äldre än35 år, med hemmavarande barn som arbetar i en digital bransch. En person med låg vilja attarbeta digitalt på distans är generellt en chef, yngre än 35 år, utan hemmavarande barn somarbetar i en icke-digitaliserad bransch. Studien fann även att hög frihet och variation är enviktig faktor för att en anställd ska vilja arbeta digitalt på distans. Resultatet från studienindikerar en kraftig ökning av distansarbete i framtiden för både chefer och medarbetarejämfört med situationen före pandemin. Studien indikerar att covid-19 är en katalysator för ettparadigmskifte gällande distansarbete. / This quantitative survey aims to study managers and employee’s willingness to telework. Isany of the groups particularly driven by digital teleworking and what does it entail for the futureafter the COVID-19 pandemic is over? Willingness is operationalized through Wicks (2002)and Shareena and Shahid (2020) and consists of predicted performance, self-reportedpersonality traits and the home's compatibility with telework. Based on these studies, atheoretical framework was created, which resulted in twelve hypotheses. Through a websurvey, 323 respondents were collected, of which 295 were used in the data analysis whichconsisted of independent t-test (hypothesis testing), one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance)and multiple linear regression analysis. The overall results from the study can be summarizedas follows: A person with a high willingness to telework is generally an employee, older than35 years, with children at home who work in a digital industry. A person with a low willingnessto telework is generally a manager, younger than 35 years, without children at home who workin a non-digitized industry. The study also found that high freedom and variety is an importantfactor for an employee to want to work remotely. The results from the study indicate a sharpincrease in telework in the future for both managers and employees compared to the situationbefore the pandemic. The study thus indicates that COVID-19 is a catalyst for a paradigm shiftregarding telework.

I denna fallstudie har SeventyOne Consulting analyserats som ett exempel på en organisation som verkar under det kommande paradigmet inom kvalitetsutvecklingen. Studien kopplar samman teori från kvalitetfältet med design thinking, paradigmteori och teori om människocentrerad företagskultur. Syftet var att bidra med kunskap gällande vilken roll design thinking och människocentrerad företagskultur kan spela i ett kommande paradigm inom kvalitetsutveckling. Frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur kan det kommande paradigmet i kvalitetsutveckling förstås? 2. Vilken roll kan design thinking och en människocentrerad företagskultur spela i det kommande paradigmet? Metoden inkluderade semi-deltagande observationer av organisationen, icke-deltagande observationer av arbetet med kunder, intervjuer med företagets medlemmar samt dokumentationsanalys. Studien har huvudsakligen genomförts online. Dess resultat har organiserats i den metaforiska och hypotetiska analysmodellen bröllopstårtan, vilken illustrerar hur en människocentrerad företagskultur baserad på psykologisk trygghet, Teal-principer och glädje utgör grunden för att hantera kunders komplexa problem utifrån de metodologiska strategierna relatera och samskapa, eklektisk metod och ett design thinking mindset. Design kapabilitet har analyserats som förmågan att sammankoppla och arbeta utifrån flera olika kunskapstraditioner samtidigt, samt integrera företagskulturer utifrån en människocentrerad bas. Människocentrerad kultur har därmed förståtts som en förutsättning för att kunna möta komplexiteten och innovationskraven som präglar det nya paradigmet, medan design thinking förståtts som en potentiellt användbar metod, förutsatt att design kapabilitet utvecklats. / In this case study, SeventyOne Consulting was analysed as an example of an organisation operating under the coming paradigm in quality management. The study connected theory from quality management, design thinking, paradigm theory and human-centred culture theory. The purpose was to contribute with knowledge concerning what role design thinking and a human-centred culture can play in the coming paradigm of quality management. The research questions were: 1. How can the coming paradigm of Quality Management be understood? 2. Which roles can design thinking and a human-centred culture play in the coming paradigm? The method included semi-participatory observations of the organisation, non-participatory observations with its customers, interviews with its members and document analysis. The study has mainly been performed online. Its result were organised into the metaphorical and hypothetical analytic model of the wedding cake, illustrating how a human-centred culture based on psychological safety, Teal principles and happiness gives the foundation for handling customers’ complex problems through the methodological strategies relate and co-create, eclectic methodology and a design thinking mindset. Design capability was analysed as the ability to connect and work simultaneously with different kinds of knowledge and integrating cultures, while also coming from a human-centredness. Human-centred cultures were thereby understood as an important prerequisite for being able to meet the complexity and innovative demands of a new paradigm, while design thinking was understood as a potentially suitable method, provided that design-capability has been developed. / <p>2021-06-06</p>

In a time of growing consciousness around sustainability and an early paradigm shift when it comes to circular systems for furniture and interiors, as an aspiring designer, I need and must adapt accordingly within my field and creative practice. In this project, I have worked with the immense material waste that is going on, especially focusing on furniture and interiors, within the public and private sectors as well as in office environments, where this is a big issue. Guided by the United Nations Global Goal No 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production, I have experimented with, to me, new ideas for systems that deal with the upcycling and repurposing of “old” and/or discarded pieces of furniture and the material they are made from. To see what I can make of it to prolong the lifecycle and give the material a new purpose, function, and value. In my process I have acted both as an interior architect and a furniture designer but also as a sculptor and craftsman since the predetermined “waste” material I have worked with demanded a reversed design process than what a “normal” one would look like for a commercial project.    The result is a series of new furniture designed and made from waste material, revisioned by me through a mix of art and design, to see how I as a designer of furniture and interiors can develop and find my path in this and to help formulate the new design paradigm and aesthetics for future circular and sustainable furniture and interior solutions that is underway.

Die vorliegende Studie analysiert die Politische Ökonomie von Forstplantagen in den Tropen. Die Analyse der Makroebene zeigt dabei eine globale Perspektive auf, sowie historische Veränderungen von Paradigmen in Bezug zu Waldplantagen. Der zweite Teil der Studie analysierte Plantagen auf der Mikro-Ebene im Hinblick auf divergente geographischen Zusammenhänge, nämlich Paraguay und Indonesien. Fallstudien eignen sich hierbei, um ein vielfältiges Spektrum von Waldplantagen darzustellen, sowie Beispiele für die in der Makroebene abgeleiteten Paradigmen zu illustrieren. Abschließend verbindet die Studie die Entwicklungen der Makro-Ebene mit Belegen aus der Mikro-Analyse. Hierauf ableitend werden Empfehlungen für die Anlage zukünftiger Plantagen getätigt. Die Methodik wurde den Untersuchungsebenen in einem iterativen Prozess angepasst. Der Umfang variiert dabei von Makro- bis Mikroanalysen, sowie vom theoretischen bis zum empirischen Niveau. Auf der Makroebene wurde eine Politische-Ökonomie-Analyse und eine Untersuchung desrelevanten historischen Materials durchgeführt. Weiterhin wurden Plantagen Paradigmen anhand ausgewählter Indikatoren abgegrenzt. Für die Mikroebene wurden Fallstudien mit lokalen Interviews durchgeführt, welche Daten für eine Mehrkriterienanalyse (MCA) lieferten. Die Kombination der Mikro- und Makroanalyse erfolgte durch eine Korrelationsanalyse und wurde durch eine Diskussion abgerundet. Das Forschungsergebnis aus der globalen Analyse ist eine Typologie von sechs Paradigmen und deren Untervarianten, welche als theoretisches und analytisches Werkzeug in der Forschung zu Plantagen dienen können. Die Paradigmen wurden klassifiziert als: i) das vorindustrielle P.; ii) das kolonial industrielle und national industrielle; iii) das Schutzparadigma; iv) das soziale P.; v) das neo-liberale und modifiziert neoliberale P. und vi) das globalpolitische Paradigma. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudien und MCA zeigen zum einen sichtbare Mängel in Plantagen unter verschiedenen Paradigmen auf und unterstreichen zum anderen positive Effekte bestimmter Paradigmen. Die MCA Bewertungspunkte zeigen zum Beispiel, dass manche Paradigmen mit dem Kriterium Landkonflikt korrelieren, oder präsentieren unterschiedliche lokale Beteiligung auf verschiedenen Plantagen, illustrieren Vorteile, die Plantagen für unterschiedliche Interessengruppen bringen. Die MCA bewertet weiter die Wirtschaftsleistung der Plantagen und vergleicht Faktoren, wie Nutzenverteilung, Rentabilität, Marktzugang und Rahmenbedingungen für Investitionen. Sie analysiert soziale Faktoren, wie Arbeitssicherheit, Zugang zu Dienstleistungen, Beteiligung oder Personalmanagement. Weiterhin werden Umweltprobleme durch die Studie aufgegriffen, z.B. Landnutzungsänderungen, Wasser- oder Boden- Auswirkungen, Lebensraumfunktion usw. Wie die vergleichende Analyse zeigt, ist die modifizierte Neoliberale Paradigma Plantage (Outgrower-Scheme) besonders geeignet, um sowohl soziale als auch wirtschaftliche Vorteile zu sichern (90 % und 84 % in den entsprechenden Feldern gegenüber dem hypothetischen Idealtyp Plantage). Andere Forschungsergebnisse deuten auf wichtige Erkenntnisse bei der Plantagenentwicklung hin, die auf der Plantagen-Ebene und bei der Gestaltung nationaler Rahmenbedingungen für den Plantagensektor berücksichtigt werden sollten. Handlungsempfehlungen für die forstwirtschaftliche, epistemische Gemeinschaft zur Gestaltung der weiteren Diskurse in Bezug auf globalen Plantagen werden ebenfalls diskutiert.:CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH DESIGN 1 1.1 Introduction: The Changing Climate for Plantations 1 1.2 Problems with defining forest plantations 4 1.3 Aim and structure of the study 6 1.4 Theory: Political Economic Approaches to Forestry 8 1.4.1 Political economy’s field of investigation 8 1.4.2 Applications to forestry research 12 1.4.3 Theoretical approach in this study 14 1.5 Research Design 18 1.5.1 Theoretical framework 18 1.5.2 Goals and Objectives of the study 20 CHAPTER 2 – METHODOLOGY 22 2.1 Overview of the methodology and data gathering techniques 22 2.2 Methodology in studying paradigm change 23 2.3 Methodology applied in case-studies 26 2.3.1 Case selection 26 2.3.2 Data gathering for the comparative multiple case-study and MCA 30 2.3.3 Questionnaire design 32 2.4 Methodological issues in integrating the levels 35 2.5 Methodology for alternative explanations to the paradigm concept 35 2.6 Research ethics 36 CHAPTER 3 – TROPICAL FOREST PLANTATIONS AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY: FROM TIMBER TRADE TO CARBON OFFSETTING 37 3.1 Raw material for international markets 39 3.2 Adding value domestically: Shift in the role and scale of tropical plantations 42 3.3 From Rio until the present: Certification and carbon forestry? 46 3.4 Necessary expansion of plantations, uncertain impacts 50 3.5 From the political economy to the plantation paradigms 53 CHAPTER 4 – PLANTATION PARADIGMS AND A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON FOREST PLANTATIONS 55 4.1 Roots and applications of the concept of a paradigm in forestry 55 4.2 Global political and social context for plantation forestry 57 4.3 Typology of Plantation Paradigms 60 4.4 Empirical application of the paradigm typology 69 4.4.1 Country Case I: Paradigms and the development of plantations in Paraguay 69 4.4.2 Country Case II: Paradigms and the development of plantations in Indonesia 73 CHAPTER 5 – PLANTATIONS FROM A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE: CASE STUDIES OF SELECTED PLANTATIONS FROM PARAGUAY AND INDONESIA 84 5.1 Plantation case studies in Paraguay 84 5.1.1 Case study I: Smallholder plantation with development aid, San Pedro Department 84 5.1.2 Case study II: Smallholder plantation with Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Paraguarí Department 86 5.1.3 Case study III: Out-grower schemes in Itapúa Department 88 5.1.4 Case study IV: Enterprise POMERA, Alto Parana Department 90 5.2 Plantation case studies in Indonesia 92 5.2.1 Case study V: Community plantation through Community Forest Owners Association APHR, Wonosobo Regency, Java 92 5.2.2 Case study VI: State enterprise Perum Perhutani, Randublatung Reg., Java 94 5.2.3 Case study VII: Enterprise Musi Hutan Persada (MHP), Muara Enim Regency, Sumatra 96 5.3 Multi-Criteria-Analysis of the plantation case studies 99 CHAPTER 6 – INTEGRATION AND DYNAMICS BETWEEN THE GLOBAL, NATIONAL, AND LOCAL LEVELS 104 6.1 Comparative analysis: Global paradigms and the local performance of selected plantations. Assumptions vs. Observations 104 6.1.1 Industrial national paradigm reflected in Case study VI (Perum Perhutani in Randublatung, Indonesia) 105 6.1.2 Social paradigm reflected in Case study I (PMRN in Paraguay) and Case study V (Community Forest Owners Association in Indonesia) 108 6.1.3 Neoliberal paradigm reflected in Case study IV (POMERA in Paraguay) and Case study VII (MHP in Indonesia) 111 6.1.4 Neoliberal modified paradigm reflected in Case study III (Out-grower scheme in Itapúa, Paraguay) 115 6.1.5 Global political paradigm reflected in Case study II (CDM in Paraguay) 118 6.2 Explaining divergences – on the unpredicted observations 121 6.3 Strengths and weaknesses of the studied paradigms 127 CHAPTER 7 – METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATIONS 129 7.1 Methodological challenges of the paradigm approach 129 7.2 The paradigm concept and alternative explanations 130 7.3 Other limitations of the political economic research on plantations 133 7.3.1 Problem with reliable data and changing plantation definitions 134 7.3.2 Problems of explorative research 134 7.3.3 Problems with indicator setting 134 7.3.4 Problem of single-case study dominance 135 CHAPTER 8 – LESSONS LEARNED 136 8.1 Lessons from the global historical paradigm analysis 136 8.2 Lessons from the case studies 138 8.2.1 Paraguay 138 8.2.2 Indonesia 140 8.2.3 Best practices from the local plantation case studies 143 8.3 Conclusions 150 8.4 Outlook: The future political economy of tropical forest plantations 154 8.5 Next steps – identifying further research gaps and directions 155 REFERENCES 157 ANNEXES Annex to Chapter 3 178 3.1 Historical global plantations’ development with a focus on the species 178 Annex to Chapter 4 181 4.1 Word Forestry Congresses 1926-2009: Snapshots on key issues in forestry, tropical forestry and plantations 181 4.2 Changing plantation discourse: a content analysis of Unasylva 193 Annex to Chapter 5 199 5.1 Steps of the MCA analysis 199 5.1.1 Data normalization table 199 5.1.2 Clusters of indicators used in the data analysis 202 5.1.3 Final synthetic index 204 5.2 Questionnaires 204 Annex to Chapter 6 208 6.1 Detailed Comparative analysis: Global paradigms and the local performance of selected plantations. Assumptions vs. observations 208 6.1.1 Comparative figures 209 6.1.2 Comparative analysis according to the paradigms 217 6.1.3 Summary of confirmed and unobserved elements 235 6.1.4 Correlation analysis 236

This thesis focus on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and its measurement instrument New Ecological Paradigm scale. Thesis introduces the New Ecological Paradigm as opposite type of thinking to the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm and provides historical context of the creation of the revised version of the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We carried out a secondary analysis of the data from survey about the European climate change policy acceptance conducted by Ščasný et al in year 2015. Thesis then examined the extent to which people from the Czech Republic, the Great Britain and the Poland endorse the New Ecological Paradigm and found out that the Czechs have the higher environmental concern than people from the Great Britain and the Poland. Furthermore, this thesis use Cronbach`s and factor analysis to discover, that the New ecological paradigm scale is internally consistent yet multidimensional instrument in case of the three surveyed countries. Regression analysis discovered that not only gender and age are significant socio-demographic predictors for the NEP results as income, education, size of municipality and current occupation are also relevant across the three surveyed countries. Lastly, regression analysis verified that the direct correlation between the general environmental values measured by the...

In an ever-moving world, urban governance and infrastructure have to adapt to climate change. In the meantime, people's concerns and engagement towards urban projects which will affect their lives are growing. The climate change adaptation process is inevitable to implement, considering the multiplicity of climate change threats. Hawai'i is no exception, and it has to adapt its infrastructures to stronger and more frequent floods. This master's thesis highlights the case of the Ala Wai risk flood management plan in Hawai'i, the U.S., and the engagement of some Hawaiians in the Protect Our Ala Wai Watershed (POAWW) grassroots movement against the proposed project. The conflict creates the emergence of two paradigms, which are translating two opposing strategies of action. Each paradigm aligns with a specific approach that reflects the interests and value systems of the individuals that constituted it. On the one hand, there is the economic growth paradigm supported by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), which manages the project and unfolds the resilience strategy by protecting Honolulu's dominant economic interests. On the other hand, there is the environmental justice paradigm, mobilized by the POAWW grassroots movement. This latter one is positioned within the transition strategy and demands the integration of indigenous knowledge into the project. To go beyond this conflictual standoff, the master's thesis argues that a hybrid paradigm, which would move towards a transformation strategy, would be preferable to surpass the current cleavages. This paradigm shift gives keys of actions and could be transferable in a contextualized way to other urban conflicts linked with the climate change adaptation process.

The study explores, through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, the existence of Mode 2 knowledge and programmes in the South African higher education sector. It begins by theorising about knowledge and takes as a point of departure the propositions about theory-building which state that to explain social phenomena, a system of ideas is required, the conceptual tools of which are able to explain the essential dynamics of such phenomena. It goes on to describe a crisis in a system of ideas that, together with valid critiques, demands to be re-examined as well as the potential for advancing alternative lines of thought. A critical reading and understanding of existing theories leads me to believe that independently, they are all inadequate to explain the relationship between knowledge production and South African higher education in an era of globalisation. This includes the all-encompassing framework of neo-Marxism, the excessive consumerism of academic capitalism, the equation of the worker with modern technology in post-industrialism and the`lax relativity', complacent and, indiscriminate celebration of diversity in post-modernism. By combining the `culturally sensitive' critical post-modernism of William Tierney and George Subotzky with the concept of `late capitalism' as proposed by Frederic Jameson, it is possible to establish a relationship between globalisation and South African higher education on the one hand, and between its' policy and knowledge production on the other. Against the features of the newly proffered theoretical framework of `critical postmodernism in late capitalism', the study examines the new higher education policy and legislation and ensuing discourse, with particular reference to the Gibbons thesis. It then explores, by using an empirical investigation, the extent to which Mode 2 knowledge production exists in South African higher education. This is done through a selected programme from a former technikon in that demonstrates the key assumptions and perceptions about Mode 2 as held by lecturing staff and as embedded in the structure, design and content of the programme. With the results obtained the study finally makes recommendations for the establishment of a paradigm-shift and for new practices in knowledge production in higher education in South Africa. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Comparative Education)

Educational Studies / D. Ed.(Psychology of Education)Educational Studies

The Zionist type of churches under the African Independent Churches have proven to be a force to be reckoned with against the more organized ecclesiastical movements (in particular the Mission Churches). This can be seen in their emphasis around matters related to culture and its methods of healing. As s result this led to the migration of people from the mission churches to these churches and threatened their existence in Botswana. The mission churches have been experiencing the decline in their membership to the Zionist churches because of the lack of openness to the cultural and the value systems of Batswana in Botswana. Mission churches were left with an option of doing introspection and finally acknowledging their failures to contextualise their theology and Christianity among the people they serving. Mission churches ended up opening their doors to the needs of their members. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Church History)