Att uppnå de tre dimensionerna av hållbarhet är ett av samhällsplaneringens övergripande mål, men trots det har den sociala hållbarheten fått minst uppmärksamhet och sociala aspekter åsidosatts. Samtidigt föreligger det maktstrukturer som ett hinder. Mot denna bakgrund är syftet uppsats är att kritisk granska och analysera hur social hållbarhet görs inom samhällsplaneringen i Norrköping kommun. Detta genomfördes huvudsakligen genom undersökning av 5 kommunala policydokument med Bacchis kritiska policyanalys som kompletteras med intervjuer, utifrån intersektionalitet. Vårt resultat indikerar att social hållbarhet genomgående saknar definition och är således ett abstrakt koncept, istället utgörs det av underliggande termer exempelvis trygghet eller tillgänglighet. Underliggande maktordningar tas inte hänsyn till och det förekommer en risk att problemen produceras och reproduceras i stället för att hanteras, således kan inte social hållbarhet uppnås. / Achieving the three dimensions of sustainability is among the ultimate goals of planning, despite this social sustainability has received the least attention and social aspects have been neglected. In addition, the prevailing power structures act as a hindrance. Against this backdrop, the following thesis critically examines and analyses how social sustainability is constructed in urban planning in Norrköping municipality. This was accomplished, through the lens of intersectionality, by examining 5 policy documents with Bacchi's critical policy analysis which was complemented with interviews. Our results indicate that social sustainability consistently lacks definition and is thus an abstract concept, consisting of underlying terms such as security or accessibility. Furthermore, the underlying power structures are overlooked, and the municipality is in peril of producing and reproducing them. Social sustainability thus cannot be achieved.

On May 26th, 2020, the world was shocked after learning that George Floyd had died at the hands of the police while being wrongfully arrested. Protests took place worldwide, demanding justice for Floyd as well as the end of the systematic racism present institutionally in police forces. In Europe, people started raising their voices, denouncing that this phenomenon was no stranger to the Old Continent. Indeed, the last few years have witnessed the media coverage of multiple cases of police violence based on ethnic grounds. The media play a key role as the source of information for the population, they decide what is going to be on the headline, catching people’s eye. France has especially attracted attention with its racial profiling practices that go against the 2001 European Code of Police Ethics acting as recommended guidelines for the Member States. Therefore, this study aims to analyse media discourses depicting three specific cases of police violence: the Adama Traoré Case, the Theo Luhaka Case, and the Michel Zecler Case. Following the model of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the point of this thesis is to find whether the power relations regulating the world can be identified within these discourses. By analysing the articles and finding similarities in how they portray the events then an idea of the institutional and societal power relations in France.

Thesis Selected aspects of the production of embodiment in tv commercials works with an assumption that some tv commercials represent specific modality of discursive mechanisms of sexual representation. This thesis applies the works of M. Foucault and P. Bourdieu to semiotic analysis of chosen advertisements. Assuming that advertisements are using body and sexual motives as one of the instruments of power to affect the target groups. Main focus of this thesis is in introduction of discursive models that are used in advertising. Goal of the theoretical part is to introduce philosophical and sociological ideas and theories relating to perception of physicality, sexuality, power relations and question of subjectivism. The thesis also shows how the role of a body was perceived in different historicals eras and how the ways of use of body and embodiment has gradually developed in terms of power affection. Goal of the practical part is to analyze and interpret the acknowledgments from theoretical part on concrete examples. The aim is, by using semiotical analysis, to reveal discursive practices in advertisements based upon used statements, also to analyze the power affection presented by physicality and sexuality. The thesis presents examples of power affection of advertisements and its specific...

Mémoire en recherche-création / Inscrites au sein de notre société actuelle hétéronormée (Butler 1990), les représentations visuelles sont toujours teintées de codes culturels prescrits et genrés dont il est impossible de se défaire. Ces images actualisent et véhiculent des rapports de pouvoir (Foucault 1973) que l’on incorpore à travers nos identifications personnelles et nos pratiques artistiques. Les objectifs de cette maîtrise en études cinématographiques sont d’une part de contribuer au développement d’une méthodologie de recherche-création (Boutet 2018) critique et située (Haraway 1988) comme exercice de recherche académique en questionnant les rapports de pouvoir, et, d’autre part de proposer une alternative à la photographie de nu à travers la conception d’une installation lumineuse et sonore éphémère. Ma question de recherche se déploie à la fois à travers une posture politique et une méthodologie de recherche. D’une part, comment une recherche-création autoethnographique collaborative (Chang, Hernandez et Ngunjiri 2012) permet-elle de réfléchir les rapports de pouvoir au sein d’une pratique artistique afin de créer des images d’un corps féminin sans pour autant reproduire certains réflexes hétéronormatifs ? D’autre part, comment une posture critique et auto-réflexive féministe queer permet-elle de développer des stratégies de résistance et, par le fait même, d’échapper aux codifications culturelles genrées de son contexte ? J’avance l’hypothèse qu’en dématérialisant le corps au sein d’une pratique installative lumineuse et sonore, fondée sur une méthodologie collaborative, il serait possible d’offrir une résistance aux réflexes hétéronormatifs présents dans la représentation visuelle d’un corps féminin. Cette forme artistique qui se détache d’une narration visuelle traditionnelle serait ainsi une manière de résister au Male gaze (Mulvey 1993). Mon projet est une enquête méthodologique qui investigue la démarche intuitive et qualitative de l’autoethnographie collaborative en tant que méthode inclusive qui permet de questionner l’éthique d’une représentation. Au sein d’une recherche-création, le processus créatif est appréhendé comme recherche académique et me permet d’inclure mes autres pratiques artistiques parallèles au sein d’un mémoire protéiforme. / Among our current hetero-normed society (Butler 1990), visual representations are always tainted with prescribed and gendered cultural codes that are impossible to get rid of. These images actualize and convey power relations (Foucault 1973) that we unconsciously incorporate through our personal identifications and artistic practices. This master's degree in film studies aims, on the one hand, to contribute to the development of a critical and situated (Haraway 1988) research-creation methodology (Boutet 2018) as an academic research exercise by questioning power relations, and, on the other hand, to offer an alternative to nude photography through the conception of an ephemeral light and sound installation. My research question includes a political approach and a research methodology. On the one hand, how does a collaborative autoethnographic research-creation (Chang, Hernandez and Ngunjiri 2012) allows us to rethink the power relations within an artistic practice in order to create images of a female body without reproducing some heteronormative reflexes? On the other hand, how does a critical and self-reflexive feminist queer approach can develop strategies of resistance and consequently avoid the gendered cultural codifications of its context? I argue that by dematerializing the body though a light and sound ephemeral installation practice, based on a collaborative methodology, it would be possible to offer resistance to the heteronormative reflexes currently involved in the visual representation of a female body. This artistic form that intentionally stands out from a traditional visual storytelling would thus become a way of resisting the Male Gaze (Mulvey 1993). My project is a methodological inquiry that investigates the intuitive and qualitative approach of collaborative autoethnography as an inclusive method that allows us to question the ethics of representation. Within the framework of a research-creation methodology, the creative process is regarded as an academic research and allows me to include my other parallel artistic practices into a protean master’s thesis.

During the last 20 years there has been an international shift in contingency crisis politics. Different governments are increasingly emphasizing the importance of household preparedness as a strategy for civil crisis preparedness. Studies on these campaigns have analysed the language used to justify the importance of household preparedness and have revealed an ongoing change in the discourse which affects the power relations between the state and citizens. However, a large amount of research has been centred towards Anglo-Saxon countries leaving a scientific gap in our understanding of other contexts. This thesis aims to contribute to filling that gap by exploring the Swedish discourse on household preparedness, a country which has received less attention despite the unique integration of crisis and conflict management into the same policy. The study also aims to contribute to a wider scientific dialog discussing the views of crisis management strategies aimed at civilians. The analysis is based on poststructuralist theory and specifically Foucault’s tools for qualitative text analysis, here used as both theory and a method. The study concludes that the central concepts for the discourse are “household preparedness”, “resistance power” and “robustness”. The discourse is shaped by ideas based on decentralization, individual responsibility, and securitization as well as recent events such as the covid-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The study identifies two main citizen roles; The first is the “ideal citizen” who has prepared their household for one week without additional aid from the government, is generous in helping others, and has an ability to collect and process information with critical reasoning. The other citizen role is the “help needing citizen” who struggles with achieving household preparedness and requires help from others. Lastly, this essay conclude that local civil society plays a traditionally larger role than earlier since it is expected to help citizens in need and share the responsibility for some of the crisis management with the government. Overall, the thesis fulfils its purpose, and acknowledges that future research could benefit from including alternative methods which capture how citizens perceive and justify household preparedness practices.

Denna studie fokuserar på tvåspråkighetens existens i en unik tvåspråkig högstadieskola för att dra slutsatser om språkliga normer och maktförhållanden mellan de två språken, svenska och finska på den aktuella skolan. Den aktuella skolan ligger vid gränsen mellan två nationer och denna studie bidrar även till att dokumentera den unika skolans tvåspråkiga miljö då skolsamarbetet mellan gränskommunerna är på väg att upphöra. Skolans tvåspråkiga profil kommer dock att bestå. Studien utgår från ett teoretiskt perspektiv på makt utifrån vilket temana språk och placering och visuell kommunikation samt tillgänglighet formulerats för att dra slutsatser om maktförhållanden. Datainsamlingsmetoden utgörs av en visuell etnografi där tvåspråkighetens utformning observerades genom att fotografera skolans miljö. Materialet har sedan bearbetats med hjälp av en datadriven innehållsanalys. Resultatet har visat att språken kommer till uttryck i skolans miljö främst genom skilda språkliga tecken, på skilda platser, olika mycket och sällan tillsammans där samma information delas på båda språken. Hur skolan väljer att representera elevernas språkliga repertoarer har betydelse för vilka signaler och attityder skolan sänder ut om språk och språkanvändning. Det är viktigt att en lärmiljö på en skola med ett elevunderlag där elever är bosatta i både Finland och Sverige uppmuntrar till en tvåspråkig språkanvändning. / Tämä tutkimus keskittyy kaksikielisyyden olemassaoloon ainutlaatuisessa kaksikilisessä yläastekoulussa. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tehdä johtopäätöksiä kielisistä normeista ja valtasuhteista ruotsin ja suomen kielen välillä kyseisessä koulussa. Kyseinen koulu sijaitsee kahden valtion rajalla ja tutkimus myös osaltaan dokumentoi koulun ainutlaatuista kaksikielistä ympäristöä rajakuntien välisen yhteistyön päättyessä. Koulun kaksikielinen profiili säilyy kuitenkin. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen näkökulma on valtaperspektiivi minkä perusteella teemat kieli ja sijainti sekä visuaalinen kommunikointi ja saatavuus muotoiltiin, jotta olisi mahdollista tehdä johtopäätöksiä valtasuhteista. Tiedonkeruutapa koostuu visuaalisesta etnografiasta, jonka kautta kaksikielisyyttä havainnoitiin valokuvaamalla koulun ympäristöä. Materiaali on tämän jälkeen käsitelty käyttämällä aineistolähtöistä sisältöanalyysiä. Tutkimuksen tulokset näyttävät, että kielet ilmaistaan koulun ympäristössä pääosin erilaisten kielellisten merkkien kautta, eri paikoissa, eri määreissä ja harvoin yhdessä, jolloin molemmilla kielillä jaetaan samaa tietoa. Se, miten koulu valitsee edustaa oppilaiden kielellistä repertuaaria, on tärkeä sen kannalta, mitä signaaleja ja asenteitta koulu lähettää eri kielistä ja kielenkäytöstä. On tärkeä, että oppimisympäristö koulussa, jonka oppilaat asuvat sekä Ruotsissa että Suomessa, kannustaa kaksikielistä kielenkäyttöä. / This study focuses on the existence of bilingualism in a bilingual upper secondary school to draw conclusions about linguistic norms and power relations between the two languages Swedish and Finnish at the school. The school in question is located on the boarder between two nations and this study also contributes to documenting the unique bilingual environment of the school as the school cooperation between the border municipalities is about to end. However, the school’s bilingual profile will remain. The theoretical perspective this study takes is a perceptive of power based on which the themes languages and location and visual communication and availability are formulated to draw conclusions about power relations. The data collection method consists of a visual ethnography where the existence of bilingualism was observed by photographing the environment in the school. The material has then been processed through a deductive content analysis. The results show that the languages mainly are expressed in the school environment through different linguistic signs, in different places, different amounts and rarely together where the same information is shared in both languages. How the school chooses to represent students’ linguistic repertoires is important for which signals and attitudes the school sends out about the languages and language use. It is important that the learning environment at a school with a student base where students come from both Sweden and Finland, encourages bilingual language use.

The concept of participation seems to reflect in most development programmes that involve people at the grassroots level. In Ghana, the introduction of the decentralization programme in the late 1980s that aimed at promoting effective, comprehensive and rapid development, more especially in the rural areas also adopted participatory approach. The approach led to the introductory of district assembly system which was to enhance the involvement of people at the grassroots in participatory activities. However, since the introduction of the decentralisation system to promote grassroots level participation, the people are still inactive and the level of involvement in development decision-making still remains weak. To clearly understand these problems, the thesis has aimed at answering the following research questions; how are rural people involved in participatory practice in the development activities in their area; what barriers affect and hinder the active participation of rural people and how could these be addressed? Answers to those questions helped to examine the nature of participation at the grassroots level; understand how the district assembly adopt participatory practice and to ascertain the nature of barriers that hinder effective participatory practice. Using a case study approach for the investigation, an interpretivists and constructivists were the philosophical underpinnings of the investigation. The data was gathered through the use of focus group discussions and one-to-one informal interviews. It was observed that, participation continues to reflect in most rural development programmes, but there are key barriers that still continue to hamper the effectiveness of participatory practice. Power relations, threats, intimidations and more especially the use of juju and witchcraft which never featured in most development literature are among the major barriers that continue to weaken local people readiness to actively participate. Most rural people feel threaten to participate for the fear of being bewitched or killed through the use of juju, witchcraft or black magical powers. Without critically and effectively addressing those bottlenecks and barriers, and put community members at the pivot of decision-making, the use of outsiders¿ knowledge and ideas alone to address the problems of participation with the hope of improving the lives of the rural people will not yield any significant result. / Title page missing

This essay analyzes the narrative surrounding women’s right to autonomy in two novels in the Speculative Fiction genre, more specifically the 20th century dystopian novel The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood (1985), and the anti-utopian novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley (1932), while arguing for the pedagogical merit of both works. Matters regarding female independence and gender equality are in consistent flux, and any uprise in feminist movements and female emancipation has most commonly been met with resistance. In the overarching aims of the curriculum of upper secondary school it is stated that the education must promote values such as equality, solidarity and inclusivity. As women’s rights to their own bodies are currently under debate in several contexts, students are likely to have been exposed to contemporary discussions on gendered oppression. For these reasons, analyzing how the female body has been rendered in historical and contemporary texts is arguably both relevant and important. As this essay discusses, gender and power relations have remained relevant in political developments: reproduction rights continue to feature prominently, whether in narratives of future worst-possible scenarios, or in speculative fiction. Lastly, this essay proposes that using Speculative Fiction in the L2 classroom can increase learner motivation. / <p>Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2023-06-02</p>

This thesis focuses on the stories of activists in Kosovo and why and how they resist in a context where powerful actors increasingly use strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP) as a new mode of exercising power. The thesis seeks to understand resistance and new ways of exercising resistance in the context of SLAPP. Resistance is conceptualized using Hannah Arendt’s notion of storytelling as an inspiration. The importance of storytelling as a new way of resisting SLAPP lawsuits and the role of social media today in raising public attention and awareness. A qualitative design is applied to understand the stories of activists. More specifically, the thesis uses social constructivism and the hermeneutic circle as a basis for the research. The thesis concludes by analyzing and discussing why and how actors resist and what they do to counter SLAPP.  Five implications for resistance are drawn here: what provokes activism and resistance in the first place, natality as an occurrence that invokes resistance, storytelling as a mechanism for creating a common space and connecting others by creating alliances, establishing boundaries, and creating friend vs enemy positions at the end.

The study aims to find out how educators in preschool reason about how they give children the opportunity to participate and influence the planned teaching. Since the preschool's governing document touches on these concepts to a large extent, we want to investigate with our study how this is made possible in the preschool's organisations. The study is based on theories such as Hart's ladder of participation and Foucault's theoretical concepts of power: productive power, citizen power, expert power and authoritarian power. These are relevant as the purpose of the study is to examine children's participation and influence from the perspective of the educators. This is a qualitative study where we used semi-structured interviews as a method. Through eight interviews with preschool educators in southern and western Sweden and an thematic analysis, we arrived at our results. In the study, the results are made visible through four themes: Participation and influence - broad concepts, The children in focus, Lack of verbal or common language and Time and increased resources. The results show that the educators have a consistent view of obstacles, needs and opportunities as well as the definition of the concepts. / Studien syftar till att ta reda på hur pedagoger i förskolan resonerar kring hur de gerbarn möjlighet till delaktighet och inflytande i den planerade undervisningen. Eftersomförskolans styrdokument berör dessa begrepp i stor utsträckning, vill vi med vår studieundersöka hur pedagogerna resonerar kring hur det möjliggörs ute i förskolansverksamheter. Studien utgår ifrån teorier som Harts delaktighetstege och Foucaultsmaktteoretiska begrepp: produktiv makt, medborgarmakt, expertmakt ochauktoritärmakt. Dessa är relevant då studiens syfte är att undersöka barns delaktighetoch inflytande ur pedagogernas perspektiv.Detta är en kvalitativ studie där vi använt oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer sommetod. Genom åtta intervjuer med förskolpedagoger i södra och västra Sverige och entematisk analys kom vi fram till våra resultat. I studien synliggörs resultaten genom fyrateman: Delaktighet och inflytande – breda begrepp, Barnen i fokus, Avsaknad avverbalt eller gemensamt språk samt Tid och utökade resurser. I resultaten framgår detatt pedagogerna har en samstämmig syn på hinder, behov och möjligheter samtdefinitionen av begreppen.