This bachelor thesis examines how three decades of textbooks in the subject religion for middle-school inform students about Jesus' life and to what level they conform to their decade's specific regulatory documents. The results are analyzed through an analysis schedule, showing if the texts are stating, explaining, analyzing, or normative in character and with the help of a secularisation theory determine if this is something that changes over time. The outcome of the analysis shows that textbooks written in the 1950s are both explaining and normative to their character and correspond well to the regulatory documents. This is also the conclusion for textbooks in the 1980s but these textbooks show an increasing amount of analyzing texts with just a few normative elements. Comparing textbooks from these decades to today's textbooks, the result shows that today's textbooks don't match the regulatory documents' requirements of emphasizing that students analyze and find their identity. Instead, these textbooks are to a wider range stating to their character but at the same time having no normative elements at all. An interesting result is also the fact that the textbooks from the three decades more or less include the same information about Jesus' life but, as written earlier, there are bigger differences over time in how the textbooks describe this information. The results support one interpretation of the secularisation theory, according to which a country's textbooks tend to be less normative the more secular the country is.

In my experience it is hard to define what learning in leisure centers means, and that the definition seems to differentiate between principals and leisure-time pedagogues. In this inquiry, I therefore ask myself the following questions: How does a principal and leisure-time pedagogue define learning in leisure centers, in relation to current regulatory documents? And how does a principal and a leisure-time pedagogue translate these regulatory documents to their operation regarding learning in leisure centers? My inquiry is based on qualitative methods as semi-structured interviews and open observations. The premises I use to analyze my results is visible learning, situated learning and policy. The result indicate a shared view of what learning in the leisure center means, but the translation from definition to operation is not coherent with what the principal and leisure-time pedagogue says. The conclusion is that the process in which the regulatory documents develops, affects the issue to understand its content and the establishment of the documents in their operation. / Enligt min erfarenhet är det svårt att definiera vad lärande i fritidshem innebär, och att definitionen kan skilja sig mellan rektorer och fritidspedagoger. Därför har jag i denna undersökning ställt mig frågorna: Hur definierar rektor och fritidspedagog lärande i fritidshemmet, i förhållande till rådande styrdokument? Och hur översätter rektor och fritidspedagog styrdokumenten till verksamheten gällande lärande i fritidshem? Undersökningen baseras på kvalitativa metoder så som semi-strukturerade intervjuer och öppen observation. Utgångspunkterna i min analys av resultatet är synligt lärande, praktikbaserat lärande och policy. Resultatet visar på en samsyn av vad lärande i fritidshemmet innebär, men att det inte översätts till verksamheten på det sätt rektorn och fritidspedagogen säger. Slutsatsen är att den process där styrdokumenten tas fram, påverkar svårigheten att förstå dess innehåll och att implementera innehållet i verksamheten.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka förberedelseklassen som instrument för språkinlärning i det svenska språket samt integrering i samhället för nyanlända elever. Studien syftar till att undersöka detta utifrån lärarnas perspektiv samt nationella styrdokument för att möjliggöra en jämförelse i deras syn på utbildning för nyanlända elever. Utifrån detta formulerades fyra frågeställningar som berörde utformning av undervisning, styrdokumentens samt lärarnas syn på språkinlärning och integrering, kunskapsbedömning samt samhällsnormers implikationer på utbildningen för nyanlända elever. För att besvara studiens syfte har vi valt en kvalitativ metodansats samt genomfört en textanalys på regeringens Proposition Utbildning för nyanlända elever- mottagande och skolgång samt Läroplanen för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011. Vi valde att intervjua två lärare i en större kommun i Mellansverige som arbetar i samma förberedelseklass. Analysen av intervjuerna har genomförts med en fenomenologisk metodansats för att belysa deras perspektiv på undervisningen samt nationella styrdokument. Genom en jämförelse analyserades dokumenten tillsammans med intervjuerna samt tidigare forskning för att belysa nationell- samt skolnivå. Detta analyserades sedan utifrån en teori om språkinlärning samt en integreringsteori.   Ur resultat kan utläsas att förberedelseklassen är ett bra integreringsverktyg samt ger bra förutsättningar för ämnes- samt svenskinlärning, förutsatt att rätt premisser råder. Dock tyder empirin på att avsaknaden av nationella styrdokument resulterar i varierande undervisningsmetoder och utbildningsmöjligheter beroende på skola och kommun. Empirin belyser problematiken av den heterogena strukturen som råder i dagens skolväsen men analysen tyder på att Propositionen kan bidra med att göra utbildningen för nyanlända elever mer likvärdig. / The purpose of this study is to examine newcomer programs as an instrument for language learning in the Swedish language and integration into the society for newly arrived students. This study aim to examine this from the teacher’s point of view and national regulatory documents to enable a comparison between their points of views on education for newly arrived students. On the basis of this, four questions were formulated that concerned the formation of education, national regulatory documents and the teachers point of view on language learning and integration, knowledge assessments as well as the implications of societal norms on education for newly arrived students. To answer the purpose of this study we have chosen a qualitative method as well to carry out a text analysis on the governmental Proposition Utbildning för nyanlända elever- mottagande och skolgång as well as the Curriculum for elementary school, pree-school and after-school centre 2011. We have chosen to interview two teachers who both work in the same newcomer program in a bigger municipality in the Middle of Sweden. The analysis has been carried out with a phenomenological research approach to be able to illustrate their perspective on education and the national regulatory documents. Through a comparison the documents were analyzed together with the interviews and previous research to illustrate national- and school level. This was later analyzed on the basis of a language learning theory and a theory on integration. From the result one can understand that the newcomer programs is a good instrument for integration and provides good conditions for subject- and language learning given that the right circumstances exist. However the empiricism indicates that if there is an absence of national regulatory documents it may result in various teaching methods and educational possibilities depending on the school and municipality. The empiricism illustrates the problematic situation of the heterogenic structure that prevails within the school system but the analysis interpret that the governmental Proposition may contribute to a more equal education for newly arrived students.

The purpose of this study was to examine school counselors experiences of meeting and working with adolescents with gender nonconforming identites. The study was based on two research questions which were stated as following: What do school counselors at upper secondary schools believe is essential when working with students with gender nonconforming identites? And is there access to regulatory documents or general material for school counselors to use when meeting students with gender nonconforming identites? And what are the school counselor's opinions on that being implemented? We decided to do a qualitative study and conducted six interviews with school counselors operating in six different upper secondary schools in Sweden. In addition to the interviews we decided to further our research to provide us with a global perspective using previous research as well as theories related to the purpose of the study. The results showed that school counselors found trust, continuity, confidentiality, situation based treatment, equality and gender inclusive language as most relevant to ensure students with gender nonconforming identites feel safe and accepted botn at school and as well as the counselors office. We also found there to be little to no regulatory documents or general material for school counselors to use when meeting students with gender nonconforming identites and the opinions among the informants were scattered where some had a positive take on it and others were critical.

This paper critically goes through the sources, the Swedish curricula in music published between 1962 and 2011.Through tools as discourse analysis and deconstruction it derives key expressions, checks for values and possible hierarchies between keywords relating to genre and other emphasized concepts related to the music curricula. The study pays special attention to the position of musical craft and esthetical values in the various documents. A starting point for problematization is Jacques Derrida's expression "monolingualism" where the owner, recipient and purpose of the narrative are made visible. The theoretical perspective consists of political ideology as the origin of the curricula within the education system. The analysis is based on theory and method from Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Giovanna Borradori and Zygmunt Bauman. Theory and method are used in the search and evaluation of wordings that reveal impact from political ambitions in the Swedish music curricula. A comparative analysis of the result concludes the study and withdraws conclusions and suggestions for future studies.

The Swedish regulatory documents for the school subject of English demand the presence of cultural representation/phenomena in the communicated material to the students but is vague about what the actual content should be. This leaves a lot of room for personal interpretation and selection of material for the teachers. The objective of this study was to explore how teachers interpret the sought after concept of culture, as well as how they choose to implement it in their lesson-plans. A qualitative study with five grade 7-9 teachers was made, with semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that all the teachers found the instructions vague regarding what type of culture was to be included in the teaching. They perceived the vagueness as both a stressor and as a liberating factor, which is in accordance with previous research. The type of culture that was implemented in the teachers’ classrooms seemed to center around so called ‘little c culture’ or ‘social science context culture’ with the goal of achieving ‘intercultural communicative competence’.

В данной диссертации был проведен анализ программных комплексов на рынке. В процессе работы проводились мероприятия по сбору и формализации требований к программному продукту, проектирование продукта, созданы дизайн макеты, на основе которых был реализован конкретный прикладной сервис. Разработанный сервис выполняет задачи расчета инсоляции и коэффициента естественной освещенности и соответствует современным требованиям по части проектирование пользовательского интерфейса. / In this dissertation, an analysis of software systems on the market was carried out. In the process of work, activities were carried out to collect and formalize the requirements for a software product, product design, design layouts were created, on the basis of which a specific application service was implemented. The developed service performs the tasks of calculating insolation and daylight factor and meets modern requirements in terms of user interface design.

This study aims to highlight the connection between what is stated within some of the regulatory documents that Swedish preschools are abided to follow, and how some preschool teachers choose to both interpret and work with them when working with discrimination based on ethnic background. The study is divided into two different themes, with the intention to first compare the content of several regulatory documents to detect what they say about the responsibilities of Swedish preschools when it comes to their work with discrimination based on ethnic background/racism. The second theme is based on qualitive interviews with four preschool teachers, with the intention to detect how the teachers relate and think about the given subject. We also aim to highlight differences and similarities between the regulatory documents and the thoughts and actual actions of the preschool teachers. Previous research shows that the common problem in interrupting discrimination based on ethnic background is that preschool teachers avoid bringing up the subject with their children. Mainly because preschool teachers feel they lack the tools and knowledge on how to teach children on the given subject. The consequence of their non-action is that instead of interrupting discrimination based on ethnic background, they contribute to its continuation. Our conclusion is that despite the good intensions that are expressed in most of the regulatory documents, not many preschool teachers have the practical knowledge on how to translate the words into action.

De senaste decennierna har förutsättningarna på arbetsmarknaden förändrats till följd av bland annat den tekniska utvecklingen och ökade krav på stresstolerans och social kompetens. Vi har upptäckt ett forskningsgap gällande möjligheter för individer med autismspektrumtillstånd att delta på den svenska arbetsmarknaden genom anställning. Studiens syfte var att undersöka Stockholms stads styrdokuments beskrivning av krav och ideal på medarbetare samt vilka insatser som bedrivs. Detta för att undersöka möjligheterna för individer med neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning i allmänhet och autismspektrumtillstånd i synnerhet att delta genom arbete i kommunens verksamheter. Vi har genomfört en dokumentstudie och använt induktiv tematisk analys för att söka förståelse. Vår slutsats är att kraven på medarbetarna tenderar hindra deltagande i arbete för studiens fokusgrupp särskilt gällande krav på social kompetens och utveckling av kommunens verksamheter. Kravet på individanpassning kan tyda på ökade möjligheter till deltagande. Då insatserna på daglig verksamhet har bristande incitament att nå reguljär arbetsmarknad kan fokus på insatser i verksamheterna hindra möjligheterna till deltagande i arbete för fokusgruppen / The last decades, prerequisites on the labour market have changed due to technical development and elevated demands on stress-resistance and social skills. We have distinguished a research gap in terms of examining the possibilities to attend the competitive labour market for adults with autism spectrum disorder in Sweden. The aim of this study is to examine regulatory documents from Stockholm municipality and how they describe requirements and ideals on their employees and which efforts they conduct. This to examine the possibilities for individuals with neuropsychiatric disabilities in general and autism spectrum disorder specifically to participate through employment within the municipality’s various functions. Our conclusion is that the demands on the employees tend to hinder participation in work for the focus group because of demands on social competencies and constant development of the organisations various functions. The demand on personal adaption could contribute to increase participation. Since the efforts within daily activities tend to lack incentives to reach the competitive labour market, a large focus on these efforts might hinder further participation in work for the focus group.

I denna studie så ville AstraZenecas dispenseringsfunktion, som arbetar med att finfördelamaterial från sin bulkförpackning undersöka hur och med vilka frekvenser kalibreringar ochfunktionskontroller för deras vågar bör göras. Detta i hopp om att harmonisera en uppdateradoch förbättrad standard mellan siterna Gärtuna och Snäckviken. Standarder inom mätningslära är inget som läkemedelsföretag själva investerar resurser i, utanföljer det som farmakopéerna världen över publicerar i sina böcker. Däri återfinns allt som kantänkas behövas för tillverkning och utformning av läkemedel. Syftet med att kalibrera ochgenomföra funktionskontroller så ofta som AstraZeneca gör i dagsläget är för att vara förenligamed regelverk för att bli godkända vid inspektioner. Däremot finns risken attfunktionskontroller och kalibreringar genomförs med högre eller lägre frekvens än vad de bordegöras samt att irrelevanta tester vid dessa kontroller får alltför hög prioritering för att påvisa envågs förmåga att fungera som den ska. För att undersöka detta genomfördes det en kartläggning av hur AstraZeneca arbetar idag medvågkalibreringar och funktionskontroller. Denna behandlade både hur arbetet sker internt viaegna funktioner, men också externt via vågtillverkaren och valideringsfirmor. Dennainformation tillsammans med vad farmakopéerna och vågtillverkaren själva påstår är korrektarbetssätt blev ett tydligt och effektivt sätt att sålla bort överflödiga och i vissa fall irrelevantametoder som används på AstraZeneca idag. Utöver dessa finns det fenomen såsommätosäkerhet och störningselement som kan påverka varje vägning till den grad där resultatenär fullständigt missvisande, och i läkemedelsindustrins fall är dessa oacceptabla. Vid studiens slut kunde flera systematiska brister identifieras och rekommendationer för attmotverka eller lösa dessa gavs i enlighet med syftet om att nå god praxis för våganvändningen isamband med dispenseringsprocessen. Framtida förbättringsarbeten hade förenklats ocheffektiviserats till stor del om en fullständig digitalisering och övervakning avstörningselementen möjliggörs. / In this study that was commissioned by AstraZeneca's dispensing function that worksmainly by sub-dividing materials from its bulk packaging. They wanted to investigatehow and with what frequencies calibrations and routine testing for their balances shouldbe performed. This, with the purpose of harmonizing an updated and improvedstandard between the sites Gärtuna and Snäckviken. Measurement theory standards are not something that pharmaceutical companiesthemselves invest resources in but rather follow what pharmacopoeias around the worldpublish in their books. The books contain everything that may be needed for themanufacturing and design of medicines. The purpose of calibrating and performingroutine testing as often as AstraZeneca does today is to comply with regulations to beapproved during inspections. However, there is a risk that routine testing andcalibrations are performed at a higher or lower frequency than they should be, and thatirrelevant tests at these routine tests are given too high a priority to demonstrate abalances ability to function properly. To investigate this, a survey was conducted of how AstraZeneca works today withbalance calibrations and routine testing. The survey considered both how the work isdone internally via AstraZeneca’s own employees, but also externally via the balancemanufacturer and validation companies. This information, in combination with whatthe pharmacopoeias and the balance manufacturer themselves claim is the correct wayof operating, became a clear and effective way of sifting away superfluous and in somecases irrelevant methods used in AstraZeneca today. In addition to these, there arephenomena such as measurement uncertainty and external disturbance elements thatcan affect any weighing to the extent that the results are completely misleading, and inthe case of the pharmaceutical industry, such results would be unacceptable. At the end of the study, several systematic flaws or shortcomings could be identified andrecommendations to counteract or solve these were given in accordance with the aim ofachieving best practice for the use of balances in connection with the dispensingprocess. Future improvement work would have been greatly simplified and streamlinedif complete digitization and monitoring of the disturbance elements were made possible.